Sound-on-disc
Encyclopedia
The term Sound-on-disc refers to a class of sound film
processes using a phonograph
or other disc to record or playback sound
in sync with a motion picture
. Early sound-on-disc systems used a mechanical interlock
with the film projector
, while more recent systems use timecode.
Sound-on-disc processes:
France
USA
Sound film
A sound film is a motion picture with synchronized sound, or sound technologically coupled to image, as opposed to a silent film. The first known public exhibition of projected sound films took place in Paris in 1900, but decades would pass before sound motion pictures were made commercially...
processes using a phonograph
Phonograph
The phonograph record player, or gramophone is a device introduced in 1877 that has had continued common use for reproducing sound recordings, although when first developed, the phonograph was used to both record and reproduce sounds...
or other disc to record or playback sound
Sound
Sound is a mechanical wave that is an oscillation of pressure transmitted through a solid, liquid, or gas, composed of frequencies within the range of hearing and of a level sufficiently strong to be heard, or the sensation stimulated in organs of hearing by such vibrations.-Propagation of...
in sync with a motion picture
Film
A film, also called a movie or motion picture, is a series of still or moving images. It is produced by recording photographic images with cameras, or by creating images using animation techniques or visual effects...
. Early sound-on-disc systems used a mechanical interlock
Interlock (engineering)
Interlocking is a method of preventing undesired states in a state machine, which in a general sense can include any electrical, electronic, or mechanical device or system....
with the film projector
Film projector
Film projection or Film projector may refer to:*Movie projector for projection of moving images from film*Slide projector for projection of still images from film...
, while more recent systems use timecode.
Sound-on-disc processes:
France
- The Chronophone (Léon GaumontLéon GaumontLéon Gaumont was a French inventor, engineer, and industrialist who was a pioneer of the motion picture industry....
) "broadcasting" "Filmparlants" and phonoscenes 1902-1910 (experimental), 1910-1917 (industrial)
USA
- VitaphoneVitaphoneVitaphone was a sound film process used on feature films and nearly 1,000 short subjects produced by Warner Bros. and its sister studio First National from 1926 to 1930. Vitaphone was the last, but most successful, of the sound-on-disc processes...
introduced by Warner Brothers in 1926 - Phono-Kinema short-lived system invented by Orlando Kellum in 1921
- Digital Theater Sound
- early systems with the film projector linked to a phonographPhonographThe phonograph record player, or gramophone is a device introduced in 1877 that has had continued common use for reproducing sound recordings, although when first developed, the phonograph was used to both record and reproduce sounds...
, developed by Thomas EdisonThomas EdisonThomas Alva Edison was an American inventor and businessman. He developed many devices that greatly influenced life around the world, including the phonograph, the motion picture camera, and a long-lasting, practical electric light bulb. In addition, he created the world’s first industrial...
(Kinetaphone, Kinetaphonograph), Selig Polyscope, French companies such as GaumontGaumont Film CompanyGaumont Film Company is a French film production company founded in 1895 by the engineer-turned-inventor, Léon Gaumont . Gaumont is the oldest continously operating film company in the world....
(Chronomegaphone and Chronophone) and PathéPathéPathé or Pathé Frères is the name of various French businesses founded and originally run by the Pathé Brothers of France.-History:...
, and British systems.
See also
- Sound filmSound filmA sound film is a motion picture with synchronized sound, or sound technologically coupled to image, as opposed to a silent film. The first known public exhibition of projected sound films took place in Paris in 1900, but decades would pass before sound motion pictures were made commercially...
(includes history of sound film) - Sound-on-filmSound-on-filmSound-on-film refers to a class of sound film processes where the sound accompanying picture is physically recorded onto photographic film, usually, but not always, the same strip of film carrying the picture. Sound-on-film processes can either record an analog sound track or digital sound track,...
- List of film formats