Socialist Republic of Montenegro
Encyclopedia
Socialist Republic of Montenegro (Serbo-Croat: Socijalistička republika Crna Gora, Социјалистичка република Црна Гора) or SR Montenegro in shortened form, was a socialist state
that was a constituent country
in the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
. It is a predecessor of the modern day Montenegro
. On 7 July 1963 the People's Republic of Montenegro was renamed the "Socialist Republic of Montenegro" (a change ratified by both the federal Constitution and the newly created Montenegrin Constitution; both in 1963). It was a non-national free state with Serbo-Croatian
as the official language. In 1991 as the League of Communists in Montenegro changed its name to Democratic Party of Socialists of Montenegro
after the first free elections, the adjective "Socialist" was deleted from the republic's title (ratified by the 1992 Constitution).
1981 census:
1991 census
Socialist state
A socialist state generally refers to any state constitutionally dedicated to the construction of a socialist society. It is closely related to the political strategy of "state socialism", a set of ideologies and policies that believe a socialist economy can be established through government...
that was a constituent country
Constituent country
Constituent country is a phrase sometimes used in contexts in which a country makes up a part of a larger entity. The term constituent country does not have any defined legal meaning, and is used simply to refer to a country which is a part Constituent country is a phrase sometimes used in contexts...
in the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia was the Yugoslav state that existed from the abolition of the Yugoslav monarchy until it was dissolved in 1992 amid the Yugoslav Wars. It was a socialist state and a federation made up of six socialist republics: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia,...
. It is a predecessor of the modern day Montenegro
Montenegro
Montenegro Montenegrin: Crna Gora Црна Гора , meaning "Black Mountain") is a country located in Southeastern Europe. It has a coast on the Adriatic Sea to the south-west and is bordered by Croatia to the west, Bosnia and Herzegovina to the northwest, Serbia to the northeast and Albania to the...
. On 7 July 1963 the People's Republic of Montenegro was renamed the "Socialist Republic of Montenegro" (a change ratified by both the federal Constitution and the newly created Montenegrin Constitution; both in 1963). It was a non-national free state with Serbo-Croatian
Serbo-Croatian
Serbo-Croatian or Serbo-Croat, less commonly Bosnian/Croatian/Serbian , is a South Slavic language with multiple standards and the primary language of Serbia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Montenegro...
as the official language. In 1991 as the League of Communists in Montenegro changed its name to Democratic Party of Socialists of Montenegro
Democratic Party of Socialists of Montenegro
The Democratic Party of Socialists of Montenegro is the ruling social-democratic political party in Montenegro....
after the first free elections, the adjective "Socialist" was deleted from the republic's title (ratified by the 1992 Constitution).
Demographics
1971 census:- Montenegrins: 355,632 (67.15%)
- MuslimsMuslims by nationalityMuslims by nationality was a term used in Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia as an official designation of nationality of Slavic Muslims. They were one of the constitutive groups of Bosnia and Herzegovina...
: 70,236 (13.26%) - SerbsSerbsThe Serbs are a South Slavic ethnic group of the Balkans and southern Central Europe. Serbs are located mainly in Serbia, Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina, and form a sizable minority in Croatia, the Republic of Macedonia and Slovenia. Likewise, Serbs are an officially recognized minority in...
: 39,512 or (7.46%) - AlbaniansAlbaniansAlbanians are a nation and ethnic group native to Albania and neighbouring countries. They speak the Albanian language. More than half of all Albanians live in Albania and Kosovo...
: 35,671 (6.74%) - YugoslavsYugoslavsYugoslavs is a national designation used by a minority of South Slavs across the countries of the former Yugoslavia and in the diaspora...
: 10,943 (2.07%) - CroatsCroatsCroats are a South Slavic ethnic group mostly living in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and nearby countries. There are around 4 million Croats living inside Croatia and up to 4.5 million throughout the rest of the world. Responding to political, social and economic pressure, many Croats have...
: 9,192 (1.74%) - Total: 529,604 inhabitants
1981 census:
- Montenegrins: 400,488 (68.54%)
- MuslimsMuslims by nationalityMuslims by nationality was a term used in Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia as an official designation of nationality of Slavic Muslims. They were one of the constitutive groups of Bosnia and Herzegovina...
: 78,080 (13.36%) - AlbaniansAlbaniansAlbanians are a nation and ethnic group native to Albania and neighbouring countries. They speak the Albanian language. More than half of all Albanians live in Albania and Kosovo...
: 37,735 (6.46%) - YugoslavsYugoslavsYugoslavs is a national designation used by a minority of South Slavs across the countries of the former Yugoslavia and in the diaspora...
: 31,243 (5.35%) - SerbsSerbsThe Serbs are a South Slavic ethnic group of the Balkans and southern Central Europe. Serbs are located mainly in Serbia, Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina, and form a sizable minority in Croatia, the Republic of Macedonia and Slovenia. Likewise, Serbs are an officially recognized minority in...
: 19,407 (3.32%) - CroatsCroatsCroats are a South Slavic ethnic group mostly living in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and nearby countries. There are around 4 million Croats living inside Croatia and up to 4.5 million throughout the rest of the world. Responding to political, social and economic pressure, many Croats have...
: 6,904 (1.81%) - Roma: 1,471 (0.25%)
- Macedonian: 875 (0.15%)
- Slovenes: 564 (0.1%)
- Hungarians: 238 (0.04%)
- GermansGermansThe Germans are a Germanic ethnic group native to Central Europe. The English term Germans has referred to the German-speaking population of the Holy Roman Empire since the Late Middle Ages....
: 107 (0.02%) - RussiansRussiansThe Russian people are an East Slavic ethnic group native to Russia, speaking the Russian language and primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries....
: 96 (0.02%) - Italians: 45 (0.01%)
- other: 816 (0.14%)
- No response: 301 (0.05%)
- Regional affiliation: 1,602 (0.27%)
- Unknown: 4,338 (0.74%)
- Total: 584,310 inhabitants
1991 census
- Montenegrins: 380,467 (61.86%)
- MuslimsMuslims by nationalityMuslims by nationality was a term used in Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia as an official designation of nationality of Slavic Muslims. They were one of the constitutive groups of Bosnia and Herzegovina...
: 89,614 (14.57%) - SerbsSerbsThe Serbs are a South Slavic ethnic group of the Balkans and southern Central Europe. Serbs are located mainly in Serbia, Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina, and form a sizable minority in Croatia, the Republic of Macedonia and Slovenia. Likewise, Serbs are an officially recognized minority in...
: 57,453 (9.34%) - AlbaniansAlbaniansAlbanians are a nation and ethnic group native to Albania and neighbouring countries. They speak the Albanian language. More than half of all Albanians live in Albania and Kosovo...
: 40,415 (6.57%) - YugoslavsYugoslavsYugoslavs is a national designation used by a minority of South Slavs across the countries of the former Yugoslavia and in the diaspora...
: 26,159 (4.25%) - CroatsCroatsCroats are a South Slavic ethnic group mostly living in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and nearby countries. There are around 4 million Croats living inside Croatia and up to 4.5 million throughout the rest of the world. Responding to political, social and economic pressure, many Croats have...
: 6,244 (1.02%) - Roma: 3,282 (0.53%)
- MacedoniansMacedonians (ethnic group)The Macedonians also referred to as Macedonian Slavs: "... the term Slavomacedonian was introduced and was accepted by the community itself, which at the time had a much more widespread non-Greek Macedonian ethnic consciousness...
: 1,072 (0.17%) - Slovenes: 369 (0.06%)
- Hungarians: 205 (0.03%)
- GermansGermansThe Germans are a Germanic ethnic group native to Central Europe. The English term Germans has referred to the German-speaking population of the Holy Roman Empire since the Late Middle Ages....
: 124 (0.02%) - RussiansRussiansThe Russian people are an East Slavic ethnic group native to Russia, speaking the Russian language and primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries....
: 118 (0.02%) - Italians: 58 (0.01%)
- other: 437 (0.07%)
- No response: 1,944 (0.32%)
- Regional belonging: 998 (0.16%)
- Unknown: 6,076 (0.99%)
- Total: 615,035 inhabitants
President
- President of the Anti-Fascist Council of People's Liberation of Montenegro and Boka
- Dr Niko Miljanić (15 November 1943 - 14 July 1944)
- President of the Montenegrin Anti-Fascist Assembly of People's Liberation
- Dr Niko Miljanić (14 July 1944 - 21 November 1946)
- President of the Presidium of the Constitutional Assembly
- Miloš Rašović (21 November 1946 - 1 January 1947)
- Presidents of the Presidium of the People's Assembly
- Miloš Rašović (1 January 1947 - 6 November 1950)
- Nikola KovačevićNikola KovačevićNikola Kovačević is a Serbian volleyball player. He currently plays as spiker for Latina Volley. With the Serbian national team he won gold medal in the 2011 Men's European Volleyball Championship, a bronze medal in the 2007 Men's European Volleyball Championship, silver medal in the FIVB World...
(6 November 1950 - 4 February 1953)
- Presidents of the People's Assembly
- Nikola KovačevićNikola KovačevićNikola Kovačević is a Serbian volleyball player. He currently plays as spiker for Latina Volley. With the Serbian national team he won gold medal in the 2011 Men's European Volleyball Championship, a bronze medal in the 2007 Men's European Volleyball Championship, silver medal in the FIVB World...
(4 February 1950 - 15 December 1953) - Blažo JovanovićBlažo JovanovicBlažo Jovanović was the first President of the People's Assembly of Montenegro. He was also the speaker of the Parliament of the People's Republic of Montenegro from 1954 to 1963....
(15 December 1953 - 12 July 1962) - Filip BajkovićFilip BajkovicFilip Bajković was the President of the Executive Council of Montenegro from 16 December 1951 to 12 July 1962. From 12 July 1962 to 5 May 1963, he was the President of the People's Assembly of Montenegro....
(12 July 1962 - 5 May 1963) - Andrija Mugoša (5 May 1963 - 5 May 1967)
- Veljko MilatovićVeljko MilatovicVeljko Milatović was a Montenegrin Communist partisan, politician, statesman serving once as the Speaker and the other time as President.He was born in 1921 in the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes Veljko Milatović (Serbo-Croat Cyrillic: Вељко Милатовић) (born 5 December 1921 in Nikšić,...
(5 May 1967 - 6 October 1969) - Vidoje ŽarkovićVidoje ŽarkovicVidoje Žarković was a chairman of the Executive Council , president of the People's Assembly , secretary of the Central Committee of the League of Communists of Montenegro , and president of the Presidium of the League of Communists of SFRY ....
(6 October 1969 - April 1974) - Budislav ŠoškićBudislav ŠoškicBudislav Šoškić was the last President of the People's Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Montenegro who also was head of state. After him, on 5 April 1974, his seat was transformed in "President of the Presidency". He served as speaker from 1974 to 1979....
(April 1974 - 5 April 1974)
- Nikola Kovačević
- Presidents of the Presidency
- Veljko MilatovićVeljko MilatovicVeljko Milatović was a Montenegrin Communist partisan, politician, statesman serving once as the Speaker and the other time as President.He was born in 1921 in the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes Veljko Milatović (Serbo-Croat Cyrillic: Вељко Милатовић) (born 5 December 1921 in Nikšić,...
(5 April 1974 - 7 May 1982) - Veselin Đuranović (7 May 1982 - 7 May 1983)
- Marko OrlandićMarko OrlandicMarko Orlandić was a high-ranking Montenegrin politician in Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia during the 1970s and '80s. In two terms, 1969-1971 and 1971-1974, he was a member of the Federal Executive Council of SFRY. He was the President of the Executive Council of the Socialist Republic...
(7 May 1983 - 7 May 1984) - Miodrag VlahovićMiodrag VlahovicMiodrag Vlahović served as President of the Presidency of the Socialist Republic of Montenegro from May 1984 to May 1985. He was a member of the League of Communists of Montenegro....
(7 May 1984 - 7 May 1985) - Branislav ŠoškićBranislav ŠoškicBranislav Šoškić was the President of the Socialist Republic of Montenegro's Presidency in 1985-1986. He was a member of the League of Communists of Montenegro...
(6 May 1985 - 6 May 1986) - Radivoje BrajovićRadivoje BrajovicRadivoje Brajović was the President of the Presidency of the Socialist Republic of Montenegro from May 1986 to May 1988 and the President of its Executive Council in 1982-1986...
(6 May 1986 - 6 May 1988) - Božina IvanovićBožina IvanovicBožina Ivanović was a Montenegrin anthropologist and politician.From 1988 - 1989, he was the President of Presidency of the Socialist Republic of Montenegro within the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia...
(6 May 1988 - 13 January 1989) - Slobodan Simović (acting) (13 January 1989 - 17 March 1989)
- Branko KostićBranko KosticBranko Kostić was a Montenegrin Serb politician. He served as the President of the Presidency of the Socialist Republic of Montenegro from March 1989 to December 1990, and then as the acting Chairman of the Presidency of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia from 1991 to 1992...
(17 March 1989 - 23 December 1990) - Momir BulatovićMomir BulatovicMomir Bulatović , formerly served as a Yugoslavian and Montenegrin politician. Bulatović became federal President of Montenegro while Montenegro was part of a Yugoslav federation, and also Prime Minister of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia...
(23 December 1990 - 1992)
- Veljko Milatović
Prime Minister
- Minister for Montenegro (in the central Yugoslav government)
- Milovan Đilas (7 March 1945 - April 1945)
- Prime Minister of Montenegro
- Blažo JovanovićBlažo JovanovicBlažo Jovanović was the first President of the People's Assembly of Montenegro. He was also the speaker of the Parliament of the People's Republic of Montenegro from 1954 to 1963....
(17 April 1945] - 4 February 1953)
- Blažo Jovanović
- Presidents of the Executive Council
- Blažo JovanovićBlažo JovanovicBlažo Jovanović was the first President of the People's Assembly of Montenegro. He was also the speaker of the Parliament of the People's Republic of Montenegro from 1954 to 1963....
(4 February 1953 - 16 December 1953) - Filip BajkovićFilip BajkovicFilip Bajković was the President of the Executive Council of Montenegro from 16 December 1951 to 12 July 1962. From 12 July 1962 to 5 May 1963, he was the President of the People's Assembly of Montenegro....
(16 December 1953 - 12 July 1962) - Đorđije Pajković (16 December 1962 - 25 June 1963)
- Veselin Đuranović (25 June 1963 - 8 December 1966)
- Mijuško Šibalić (8 December 1966 - 5 May 1967)
- Vidoje ŽarkovićVidoje ŽarkovicVidoje Žarković was a chairman of the Executive Council , president of the People's Assembly , secretary of the Central Committee of the League of Communists of Montenegro , and president of the Presidium of the League of Communists of SFRY ....
(5 May 1967 - 7 October 1969) - Žarko BulajićŽarko BulajicŽarko Bulajić was the President of the Executive Council of the Socialist Republic of Montenegro from 7 October 1969 to 6 May 1974....
(7 October 1969 - 6 May 1974) - Marko OrlandićMarko OrlandicMarko Orlandić was a high-ranking Montenegrin politician in Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia during the 1970s and '80s. In two terms, 1969-1971 and 1971-1974, he was a member of the Federal Executive Council of SFRY. He was the President of the Executive Council of the Socialist Republic...
(6 May 1974 - 28 April 1978) - Momčilo Cerović (28 April 1978 - 7 May 1982)
- Radivoje BrajovićRadivoje BrajovicRadivoje Brajović was the President of the Presidency of the Socialist Republic of Montenegro from May 1986 to May 1988 and the President of its Executive Council in 1982-1986...
(7 May 1982 - 6 June 1986) - Vuko VukadinovićVuko VukadinovicVuko Vukadinović was a member of the League of Communists of Montenegro and the President of the Executive Council of the Socialist Republic of Montenegro from 1986–1989.-References:...
(6 June 1986 - 29 March 1989) - Radoje KontićRadoje KonticRadoje Kontić is a retired Montenegrin politician and technologist. He was the last Chairman of the Socialist Republic of Montenegro's Executive Council from 1989 to 1991 - a post which he obtained by riding the wave of the anti-bureaucratic putsch in Montenegro during January 1989...
(29 March 1989 - 15 February 1991)
- Blažo Jovanović