Socialist Republic of Macedonia
Encyclopedia
The Socialist Republic of Macedonia (Macedonian
: Социјалистичка Република Македонија, Socijalistička Republika Makedonija) was a socialist state
that was a constituent country
of the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
. After the transition of the political system
to parliamentary democracy in 1990, the Republic changed its official name to Republic of Macedonia
in 1991, and with the beginning of the breakup of Yugoslavia, it declared full independence on September 8, 1991.
: Демократска Федерална Македонија, Demokratska Federalna Makedonija) on August 2, 1944, at the First Plenary Session of ASNOM during the antifascist National Liberation War of Macedonia in World War II
. This date is now celebrated by ethnic Macedonians as the day they were first allowed to freely state their nationality.
In June 1945, the Socialist Republic of Macedonia adopted Macedonian
as its official language.
In 1945, the state changed its official name to the People's Republic
of Macedonia. It was formally incorporated as a constituent republic
in the Yugoslav
Federation
in 1946. However, some people were against the federation and demanded greater independence
from the federal authorities, leading to their prosecution. One of the notable victims of these purges was the first president
, Metodija Andonov - Čento. In 1963, the name was changed to the Socialist Republic of Macedonia.
, although not a completely independent one. It had its own constitution
, collective presidency
, government
, parliament
, official language
, state symbols
, a Ministry of Internal Affairs, Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts
and other state prerogatives. Also, the Socialist Republic of Macedonia had its own armed Territorial Defence
armed forces (Macedonian
: Територијална одбрана, Teritorijalna odbrana), as well as a Bureau for Foreign Relations (a Ministry of Foreign Affairs).
The rights of ethnic minorities were guaranteed by the constitution. The ruling political party was the League of Communists of Macedonia
(Сојуз на комунистите на Македонија, Sojuz na komunistite na Makedonija).
The official language of SR Macedonia was Macedonian, but Albanian and Turkish
national minorities had the right to use their own languages within the school system. The constitution of the SR Macedonia defined the state as the national state of the Macedonians, but also as the state of Albanians and Turks.
peacefully changed from socialist state
to parliamentary democracy. The first pluralist elections were held on November 11, 1990. After the collective presidency led by Vladimir Mitkov was dissolved, Kiro Gligorov
became the first democratically elected president of the Socialist Republic of Macedonia on January 31, 1991. On April 16, 1991, the parliament adopted a constitutional amendment
removing "Socialist" from the official name of the country, and on June 7 of the same year, the new name, Republic of Macedonia
, was officially established. After the process of dissolution of Yugoslavia
began, the Republic of Macedonia proclaimed full independence, following a referendum held on September 8, 1991.
The Republic of Macedonia is the legal pre-successor to the Socialist Republic of Macedonia.
Macedonian language
Macedonian is a South Slavic language spoken as a first language by approximately 2–3 million people principally in the region of Macedonia but also in the Macedonian diaspora...
: Социјалистичка Република Македонија, Socijalistička Republika Makedonija) was a socialist state
Socialist state
A socialist state generally refers to any state constitutionally dedicated to the construction of a socialist society. It is closely related to the political strategy of "state socialism", a set of ideologies and policies that believe a socialist economy can be established through government...
that was a constituent country
Constituent country
Constituent country is a phrase sometimes used in contexts in which a country makes up a part of a larger entity. The term constituent country does not have any defined legal meaning, and is used simply to refer to a country which is a part Constituent country is a phrase sometimes used in contexts...
of the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia was the Yugoslav state that existed from the abolition of the Yugoslav monarchy until it was dissolved in 1992 amid the Yugoslav Wars. It was a socialist state and a federation made up of six socialist republics: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia,...
. After the transition of the political system
Political system
A political system is a system of politics and government. It is usually compared to the legal system, economic system, cultural system, and other social systems...
to parliamentary democracy in 1990, the Republic changed its official name to Republic of Macedonia
Republic of Macedonia
Macedonia , officially the Republic of Macedonia , is a country located in the central Balkan peninsula in Southeast Europe. It is one of the successor states of the former Yugoslavia, from which it declared independence in 1991...
in 1991, and with the beginning of the breakup of Yugoslavia, it declared full independence on September 8, 1991.
History
The modern Macedonian state was officially proclaimed under the name Democratic Federal Macedonia (MacedonianMacedonian language
Macedonian is a South Slavic language spoken as a first language by approximately 2–3 million people principally in the region of Macedonia but also in the Macedonian diaspora...
: Демократска Федерална Македонија, Demokratska Federalna Makedonija) on August 2, 1944, at the First Plenary Session of ASNOM during the antifascist National Liberation War of Macedonia in World War II
World War II
World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...
. This date is now celebrated by ethnic Macedonians as the day they were first allowed to freely state their nationality.
In June 1945, the Socialist Republic of Macedonia adopted Macedonian
Macedonian language
Macedonian is a South Slavic language spoken as a first language by approximately 2–3 million people principally in the region of Macedonia but also in the Macedonian diaspora...
as its official language.
In 1945, the state changed its official name to the People's Republic
People's Republic
People's Republic is a title that has often been used by Marxist-Leninist governments to describe their state. The motivation for using this term lies in the claim that Marxist-Leninists govern in accordance with the interests of the vast majority of the people, and, as such, a Marxist-Leninist...
of Macedonia. It was formally incorporated as a constituent republic
Constituent country
Constituent country is a phrase sometimes used in contexts in which a country makes up a part of a larger entity. The term constituent country does not have any defined legal meaning, and is used simply to refer to a country which is a part Constituent country is a phrase sometimes used in contexts...
in the Yugoslav
Yugoslavia
Yugoslavia refers to three political entities that existed successively on the western part of the Balkans during most of the 20th century....
Federation
Federation
A federation , also known as a federal state, is a type of sovereign state characterized by a union of partially self-governing states or regions united by a central government...
in 1946. However, some people were against the federation and demanded greater independence
Regionalism (politics)
Regionalism is a term used in international relations. Regionalism also constitutes one of the three constituents of the international commercial system...
from the federal authorities, leading to their prosecution. One of the notable victims of these purges was the first president
President of the Republic of Macedonia
The President of the Republic of Macedonia is the head of state of the Republic of Macedonia. The institution of the Presidency of the modern Republic of Macedonia began after the Macedonian declaration of independence on 8 September 1991. Its first president was Kiro Gligorov, the oldest president...
, Metodija Andonov - Čento. In 1963, the name was changed to the Socialist Republic of Macedonia.
Status
During this time, Macedonia had the status of a stateSovereign state
A sovereign state, or simply, state, is a state with a defined territory on which it exercises internal and external sovereignty, a permanent population, a government, and the capacity to enter into relations with other sovereign states. It is also normally understood to be a state which is neither...
, although not a completely independent one. It had its own constitution
Constitution
A constitution is a set of fundamental principles or established precedents according to which a state or other organization is governed. These rules together make up, i.e. constitute, what the entity is...
, collective presidency
Presidency
The word presidency is often used to describe the administration or the executive, the collective administrative and governmental entity that exists around an office of president of a state or nation...
, government
Government
Government refers to the legislators, administrators, and arbitrators in the administrative bureaucracy who control a state at a given time, and to the system of government by which they are organized...
, parliament
Parliament
A parliament is a legislature, especially in those countries whose system of government is based on the Westminster system modeled after that of the United Kingdom. The name is derived from the French , the action of parler : a parlement is a discussion. The term came to mean a meeting at which...
, official language
Official language
An official language is a language that is given a special legal status in a particular country, state, or other jurisdiction. Typically a nation's official language will be the one used in that nation's courts, parliament and administration. However, official status can also be used to give a...
, state symbols
State symbols
State symbols may refer to:*National symbols*Australian state symbols*Emblems of Indian states*United States state symbols...
, a Ministry of Internal Affairs, Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts
Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts
The Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts is the most eminent academic institution in the Republic of Macedonia.-History:The Academy of Sciences and Arts was established by the Macedonian Assembly on 22 February 1967 as the highest scientific, scholarly and artistic institution in the country...
and other state prerogatives. Also, the Socialist Republic of Macedonia had its own armed Territorial Defence
Territorial Defense Forces (Yugoslavia)
The Territorial Defense Forces were a separate part of the armed forces of the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. The forces acted as a Home Guard which roughly corresponded to a military reserve force or an official governmental paramilitary...
armed forces (Macedonian
Macedonian language
Macedonian is a South Slavic language spoken as a first language by approximately 2–3 million people principally in the region of Macedonia but also in the Macedonian diaspora...
: Територијална одбрана, Teritorijalna odbrana), as well as a Bureau for Foreign Relations (a Ministry of Foreign Affairs).
The rights of ethnic minorities were guaranteed by the constitution. The ruling political party was the League of Communists of Macedonia
League of Communists of Macedonia
League of Communists of Macedonia was the Macedonian branch of the ruling League of Communists of Yugoslavia during the period 1943 – 1990. It was formed under the name Communist Party of Macedonia during the antifascist National Liberation War of Macedonia in the Second World War...
(Сојуз на комунистите на Македонија, Sojuz na komunistite na Makedonija).
The official language of SR Macedonia was Macedonian, but Albanian and Turkish
Turkish people
Turkish people, also known as the "Turks" , are an ethnic group primarily living in Turkey and in the former lands of the Ottoman Empire where Turkish minorities had been established in Bulgaria, Cyprus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Georgia, Greece, Kosovo, Macedonia, and Romania...
national minorities had the right to use their own languages within the school system. The constitution of the SR Macedonia defined the state as the national state of the Macedonians, but also as the state of Albanians and Turks.
Transition
In 1990, the form of governmentForm of government
A form of government, or form of state governance, refers to the set of political institutions by which a government of a state is organized. Synonyms include "regime type" and "system of government".-Empirical and conceptual problems:...
peacefully changed from socialist state
Socialist state
A socialist state generally refers to any state constitutionally dedicated to the construction of a socialist society. It is closely related to the political strategy of "state socialism", a set of ideologies and policies that believe a socialist economy can be established through government...
to parliamentary democracy. The first pluralist elections were held on November 11, 1990. After the collective presidency led by Vladimir Mitkov was dissolved, Kiro Gligorov
Kiro Gligorov
Kiro Gligorov , born May 3, 1917) was the first democratically elected President of the Republic of Macedonia. His son Vladimir Gligorov is the refounder of the Serbian Democratic Party.- Biography :...
became the first democratically elected president of the Socialist Republic of Macedonia on January 31, 1991. On April 16, 1991, the parliament adopted a constitutional amendment
Constitutional amendment
A constitutional amendment is a formal change to the text of the written constitution of a nation or state.Most constitutions require that amendments cannot be enacted unless they have passed a special procedure that is more stringent than that required of ordinary legislation...
removing "Socialist" from the official name of the country, and on June 7 of the same year, the new name, Republic of Macedonia
Republic of Macedonia
Macedonia , officially the Republic of Macedonia , is a country located in the central Balkan peninsula in Southeast Europe. It is one of the successor states of the former Yugoslavia, from which it declared independence in 1991...
, was officially established. After the process of dissolution of Yugoslavia
Dissolution of Yugoslavia
The Breakup of Yugoslavia refers to a series of conflicts and political upheavals resulting in the dissolution of Yugoslavia . The SFR Yugoslavia was a country that occupied a strip of land stretching from Central Europe to the Balkans – a region with a history of ethnic conflict...
began, the Republic of Macedonia proclaimed full independence, following a referendum held on September 8, 1991.
The Republic of Macedonia is the legal pre-successor to the Socialist Republic of Macedonia.
Presidents of Parliament
- Dimče-Mire Stojanov
- Lazar KoliševskiLazar KoliševskiLazar Koliševski was a Communist political leader in Socialist Republic of Macedonia and briefly the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia closely allied with Tito.- Early years :...
- Ljupčo ArsovLjupco ArsovLjupčo Arsov was a Macedonian politician. He was the Prime Minister of PR Macedonia from December 1953 to June 1961....
- Vidoe Smilevski
- Mito Hadživasilev
- Nikola Minčev
Presidents of Presidency
- Vidoe Smilevski
- Ljupčo ArsovLjupco ArsovLjupčo Arsov was a Macedonian politician. He was the Prime Minister of PR Macedonia from December 1953 to June 1961....
- Angel Čemerski
- Blagoja Talevski
- Tome Bukleski
- Vančo Apostolski
- Dragoljub Stavrev
- Jezdimir Bogdanski
- Vladimir Mitkov
Prime Ministers
- Lazar KoliševskiLazar KoliševskiLazar Koliševski was a Communist political leader in Socialist Republic of Macedonia and briefly the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia closely allied with Tito.- Early years :...
(1945–1953) - Ljupčo ArsovLjupco ArsovLjupčo Arsov was a Macedonian politician. He was the Prime Minister of PR Macedonia from December 1953 to June 1961....
(1953–1961) - Aleksandar Grličkov (1961–1965)
- Nikola Minčev (1965–1968)
- Ksente Bogoev (1968–1974)
- Blagoja Popov (1974–1982)
- Dragoljub Stavrev (1982–1986)
- Gligorije Gogovski (1986–1991)
President
This post was established in 1991 after the dissolution of the collective presidency- Kiro GligorovKiro GligorovKiro Gligorov , born May 3, 1917) was the first democratically elected President of the Republic of Macedonia. His son Vladimir Gligorov is the refounder of the Serbian Democratic Party.- Biography :...