Smart ED
Encyclopedia
The Smart fortwo electric drive (or smart ed) is a battery electric vehicle
version of the Smart Fortwo
micro car. This electric car
was formerly known as Smart fortwo EV. Field testing began in London with 100 units in 2007, followed by Berlin in late 2009, and then the United States in January 2011 with 250 units, which are part of 1,500 cars that will be tested in several European cities, Canada and selected markets in Asia.
The third-generation Smart electric drive is scheduled to be launched by the second quarter of 2012 and Smart
plans to mass produced
the electric car with availability in 30 markets worldwide. A near production version will be unveiled at the September 2011 Frankfurt Motor Show.
Electric Vehicles. It is powered by a rear-mounted motor driving the rear wheels. It runs on 13.2 kilowatt-hours of sodium-nickel chloride Zebra batteries.
Field testing began in London with 100 vehicles in 2007 and was available only for lease to corporate clients for £375 per month.
, France. These use a lithium-ion battery from Tesla Motors
with capacity of 14 kilowatt-hours (50,400,000 J). The range of a fully charged battery is up to 135 kilometres (83.9 mi) (New European Driving Cycle
(NEDC) cycle).
As part of a three-phase roll-out program, phase two began with field testing in Berlin in December 2009 with 100 units out of 300 that will be deploy in Germany
. For phase two 1,500 cars will be produced, and field testing is scheduled to be conducted in Hamburg, Paris, Rome, Milan, Pisa, London, the English Midlands, Madrid, Zurich, Portugal, Denmark, the Czech Republic, Austria, Belgium and the Netherlands during the first half of 2010. In October 2010, 250 units will be available for field testing in several cities in the United States; testing will also be conducted in Canada; and in 2011 in selected markets in Asia.
Phase three will be mass production
, which is scheduled to begin with the 2012 model year. In the United States sales will begin in 2012 with the 2013 model year. On July 2011 an agreement was reached between Daimler AG and Robert Bosch GmbH
to develop and produce innovative traction motors for electric vehicles. Based on this joint venture, Daimler expects to use the improved traction motors with the new generation of Smart electric drive cars which are scheduled to go on sale in early 2012.
The lithium-ion battery pack takes three hours to charge from 20 to 80 percent of its capacity with a standard 220 V outlet. It can also can be charged using a common household 110 V outlet. The car has a 3.3 kW on-board charger for this "level 1 and 2" charging. Smart claims a 0-to-60 kilometres per hour (37.3 mph) time of 6.5 seconds, the same as for the gasoline version.
It has a single fixed-gear ratio transmission and is about 308 lb (140 kg) heavier than a gasoline-powered Fortwo.
The limited fleet of second-generation Smart fortwo electric drive cars will be introduced first in Portland, Oregon, Los Angeles, San Jose, California, Orlando, Florida, Austin, Detroit, Indianapolis and the Interstate 95 corridor between Washington, D.C. and Boston, including New Jersey and New York. As of June 2011 only 87 Smart EDs have been leased.
Considering an energy consumption of 39 kilowatt-hours per 100 miles (878 kJ/km) and a conversion factor of 33.7 kW·h of electricity being the energy equivalent of a US gallon of gasoline ( kiljoules to the litre), the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
officially rated the Smart ED combined fuel economy
at 87 miles per gallon gasoline equivalent
(mpg-e) (2.7 L gasoline equivalent/100 km; 104 mpg-imp gasoline equivalent), 94 mpgU.S. (40 km/L) city and 79 mpgU.S. (33.6 km/L) highway. EPA's official all-electric range
is 63 miles (101.4 km), but in favorable conditions in an urban environment at warm temperatures the carmaker claims the Smart fortwo ED can reach up to 98 miles (157.7 km).
In July 2011, Car2Go
announced that 300 Smart EDs will go into carsharing
service in San Diego before the end of 2011. The company stated that the carsharing electric cars will have a range of 84 miles (135.2 km), and, based on their experience with usage in other cities, they will most likely need to be recharged every two or three days. When reserving the electric car online, San Diego Car2Go members will be able to see the battery's state of charge
, so if the customer wants to go for an extended drive, the option is available to find the right car for that trip.
.
In Germany the Smart ED will be available for (around ) plus a monthly fee of for the battery rental. Online reservations are scheduled to begin in the fourth quarter 2011.
Battery electric vehicle
A battery electric vehicle, or BEV, is a type of electric vehicle that uses chemical energy stored in rechargeable battery packs. BEVs use electric motors and motor controllers instead of, or in addition to, internal combustion engines for propulsion.A battery-only electric vehicle or...
version of the Smart Fortwo
Smart Fortwo
The Smart Fortwo is a rear-engined two-seater city car manufactured by Smart GmbH, introduced at the 1998 Paris Motor Show as the Smart City Coupé, and currently in its second generation...
micro car. This electric car
Electric car
An electric car is an automobile which is propelled by electric motor, using electrical energy stored in batteries or another energy storage device. Electric cars were popular in the late-19th century and early 20th century, until advances in internal combustion engine technology and mass...
was formerly known as Smart fortwo EV. Field testing began in London with 100 units in 2007, followed by Berlin in late 2009, and then the United States in January 2011 with 250 units, which are part of 1,500 cars that will be tested in several European cities, Canada and selected markets in Asia.
The third-generation Smart electric drive is scheduled to be launched by the second quarter of 2012 and Smart
Smart (automobile)
Smart is an automotive branch of Daimler AG. Smart is a German manufacturer of microcars produced in Hambach, France, and Böblingen, Germany...
plans to mass produced
Mass production
Mass production is the production of large amounts of standardized products, including and especially on assembly lines...
the electric car with availability in 30 markets worldwide. A near production version will be unveiled at the September 2011 Frankfurt Motor Show.
First generation
The first Smart electric drive vehicles were modified by ZytekZytek
Zytek Group Ltd is an automotive and motorsport company founded in 1981 and based in Fradley and Repton, United Kingdom. Zytek Group has two main division: Zytek Automotive, which is based at Fradley, Staffordshire; and Zytek Engineering, which is based at Repton, Derbyshire.-Zytek Automotive:Zytek...
Electric Vehicles. It is powered by a rear-mounted motor driving the rear wheels. It runs on 13.2 kilowatt-hours of sodium-nickel chloride Zebra batteries.
Field testing began in London with 100 vehicles in 2007 and was available only for lease to corporate clients for £375 per month.
Specifications
- Power: 30 kW (41 hp)
- Economy: 12 kilowatt-hours per 100 kilometres (430 J/km or 190 W·h/mi)
- Range: 110 kilometres (68.4 mi)
- Recharge time (80%): four hours
- Recharge time (100%): eight hours
- Top speed: 120 kilometres per hour (74.6 mph)
Second generation
Production of the second-generation Smart fortwo electric drive began in November 2009 in HambachHambach, Moselle
Hambach is a town and commune in the Moselle department in Lorraine in north-eastern France.Smart Hambach Plant of Mercedes-Benz Cars is located here....
, France. These use a lithium-ion battery from Tesla Motors
Tesla Motors
Tesla Motors, Inc. is a Silicon Valley-based company that designs, manufactures and sells electric cars and electric vehicle powertrain components. It was the only automaker building and selling a zero-emission sports car, the Tesla Roadster, in serial production...
with capacity of 14 kilowatt-hours (50,400,000 J). The range of a fully charged battery is up to 135 kilometres (83.9 mi) (New European Driving Cycle
New European Driving Cycle
The New European Driving Cycle is a driving cycle consisting of four repeated ECE-15 driving cycles and an Extra-Urban driving cycle . The NEDC is supposed to represent the typical usage of a car in Europe, and is used, among other things, to assess the emission levels of car engines...
(NEDC) cycle).
As part of a three-phase roll-out program, phase two began with field testing in Berlin in December 2009 with 100 units out of 300 that will be deploy in Germany
Germany
Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...
. For phase two 1,500 cars will be produced, and field testing is scheduled to be conducted in Hamburg, Paris, Rome, Milan, Pisa, London, the English Midlands, Madrid, Zurich, Portugal, Denmark, the Czech Republic, Austria, Belgium and the Netherlands during the first half of 2010. In October 2010, 250 units will be available for field testing in several cities in the United States; testing will also be conducted in Canada; and in 2011 in selected markets in Asia.
Phase three will be mass production
Mass production
Mass production is the production of large amounts of standardized products, including and especially on assembly lines...
, which is scheduled to begin with the 2012 model year. In the United States sales will begin in 2012 with the 2013 model year. On July 2011 an agreement was reached between Daimler AG and Robert Bosch GmbH
Robert Bosch GmbH
Robert Bosch GmbH is a multinational engineering and electronics company headquartered in Gerlingen, near Stuttgart, Germany. It is the world's largest supplier of automotive components...
to develop and produce innovative traction motors for electric vehicles. Based on this joint venture, Daimler expects to use the improved traction motors with the new generation of Smart electric drive cars which are scheduled to go on sale in early 2012.
Specifications
- Power: 20 kW continuous; peak power output of 30 kW for approximately 2 minutes
- Torque: 120 newton metres (89 ft·lbf)
- Battery capacity: 16.5 kW·h lithium-ion battery
- Economy: 12 kW·h/100 km, also reported to be 200 W·h/mi
- Range: 135 kilometres (83.9 mi) on the (NEDC cycle)
- Top speed: 100 kilometres per hour (62.1 mph)
The lithium-ion battery pack takes three hours to charge from 20 to 80 percent of its capacity with a standard 220 V outlet. It can also can be charged using a common household 110 V outlet. The car has a 3.3 kW on-board charger for this "level 1 and 2" charging. Smart claims a 0-to-60 kilometres per hour (37.3 mph) time of 6.5 seconds, the same as for the gasoline version.
It has a single fixed-gear ratio transmission and is about 308 lb (140 kg) heavier than a gasoline-powered Fortwo.
United States
The trial program in the U.S. began in January 2011 with the first customer delivery in Washington, D.C. A total of 250 units are available for leasing at a price of US$599 per month for a period of 48 months and 60000 kilometres (37,282 mi), plus US$2,500 due at signing. This pricing is before taxes or any government tax credits or rebates available. Daimler announced that United States sales are scheduled for January 2012.The limited fleet of second-generation Smart fortwo electric drive cars will be introduced first in Portland, Oregon, Los Angeles, San Jose, California, Orlando, Florida, Austin, Detroit, Indianapolis and the Interstate 95 corridor between Washington, D.C. and Boston, including New Jersey and New York. As of June 2011 only 87 Smart EDs have been leased.
Considering an energy consumption of 39 kilowatt-hours per 100 miles (878 kJ/km) and a conversion factor of 33.7 kW·h of electricity being the energy equivalent of a US gallon of gasoline ( kiljoules to the litre), the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
United States Environmental Protection Agency
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency is an agency of the federal government of the United States charged with protecting human health and the environment, by writing and enforcing regulations based on laws passed by Congress...
officially rated the Smart ED combined fuel economy
Fuel economy in automobiles
Fuel usage in automobiles refers to the fuel efficiency relationship between distance traveled by an automobile and the amount of fuel consumed....
at 87 miles per gallon gasoline equivalent
Miles per gallon gasoline equivalent
Miles per gallon gasoline equivalent is a measure of the average distance traveled per unit of energy consumed. MPGe is used by the U.S...
(mpg-e) (2.7 L gasoline equivalent/100 km; 104 mpg-imp gasoline equivalent), 94 mpgU.S. (40 km/L) city and 79 mpgU.S. (33.6 km/L) highway. EPA's official all-electric range
All-electric range
All-electric range is the driving range of a vehicle using only power from its electric battery pack to traverse a given driving cycle. In the case of a battery electric vehicle, it means the total range per charge. For a plug-in hybrid , it means the range of the vehicle in charge-depleting mode...
is 63 miles (101.4 km), but in favorable conditions in an urban environment at warm temperatures the carmaker claims the Smart fortwo ED can reach up to 98 miles (157.7 km).
In July 2011, Car2Go
Car2Go
Car2Go is a subsidiary of Daimler AG that provides carsharing services in several cities in Europe and North America. In November 2011 the world's first all-electric carsharing network was launched in San Diego, California, with a fleet of 300 Smart EDs...
announced that 300 Smart EDs will go into carsharing
Carsharing
Car sharing or Carsharing is a model of car rental where people rent cars for short periods of time, often by the hour. They are attractive to customers who make only occasional use of a vehicle, as well as others who would like occasional access to a vehicle of a different type than they use...
service in San Diego before the end of 2011. The company stated that the carsharing electric cars will have a range of 84 miles (135.2 km), and, based on their experience with usage in other cities, they will most likely need to be recharged every two or three days. When reserving the electric car online, San Diego Car2Go members will be able to see the battery's state of charge
State of charge
State of charge is the equivalent of a fuel gauge for the battery pack in a battery electric vehicle , hybrid vehicle , or plug-in hybrid electric vehicle...
, so if the customer wants to go for an extended drive, the option is available to find the right car for that trip.
Third generation
The third-generation Smart ED is scheduled to be launched by the second quarter of 2012 and is planned to be available in 30 markets worldwide. A near production version was unveiled at the September 2011 Frankfurt Motor Show. Key differences with the second-generation model include a more powerful electric motor, which improves acceleration and top speed; a new lithium-ion battery pack that will allow to increase the range to 140 kilometres (87 mi) and an option for quick-charge will be available; and other features include an enlarged grille opening, stylish LED daytime running lights, wider door sills, some minor modifications to the rear, fully automatic air conditioning with pollen filter and pre-air conditioning. Several features will be controlled remotely through a smart drive application for the iPhoneIPhone
The iPhone is a line of Internet and multimedia-enabled smartphones marketed by Apple Inc. The first iPhone was unveiled by Steve Jobs, then CEO of Apple, on January 9, 2007, and released on June 29, 2007...
.
In Germany the Smart ED will be available for (around ) plus a monthly fee of for the battery rental. Online reservations are scheduled to begin in the fourth quarter 2011.
Specifications
- Power: peak power output of 55 kW
- Torque: 130 newton metres (96 ft·lbf)
- Top speed of 120 kph
- 0 to 100 km/h (0 to 60 mph0 to 60 mphThe time it takes to accelerate from 0 to 60 mph is a commonly used performance measure for automotive acceleration in the United States and the United Kingdom. In the rest of the world 0 to 100 km/h is used...
) in less than 13 seconds and 0 to 60 km/h (0 to 37 mph) in 5 seconds - Battery capacity: 17.6 kW·h lithium-ion battery by Deutsche ACCUmotive
- Range: 140 km (87 mi)
See also
- Electric carElectric carAn electric car is an automobile which is propelled by electric motor, using electrical energy stored in batteries or another energy storage device. Electric cars were popular in the late-19th century and early 20th century, until advances in internal combustion engine technology and mass...
- Government incentives for plug-in electric vehiclesGovernment incentives for plug-in electric vehiclesGovernment incentives for plug-in electric vehicles have been established by several national and local governments around the world as a financial incentive for consumers to purchase a plug-in electric vehicle....
- List of modern production plug-in electric vehicles
- Plug-in electric vehiclePlug-in electric vehicleA plug-in electric vehicle is any motor vehicle that can be recharged from any external source of electricity, such as wall sockets, and the electricity stored in the rechargeable battery packs drives or contributes to drive the wheels...
- Smart fortwoSmart FortwoThe Smart Fortwo is a rear-engined two-seater city car manufactured by Smart GmbH, introduced at the 1998 Paris Motor Show as the Smart City Coupé, and currently in its second generation...
- Zero-emissions vehicleZero-emissions vehicleA zero-emissions vehicle, or ZEV, is a vehicle that emits no tailpipe pollutants from the onboard source of power. Harmful pollutants to the health and the environment include particulates , hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, ozone, lead, and various oxides of nitrogen. Although not considered emission...