Situational analysis
Encyclopedia
Situational analysis is a concept advanced by Popper
Karl Popper
Sir Karl Raimund Popper, CH FRS FBA was an Austro-British philosopher and a professor at the London School of Economics...

 in his The Poverty of Historicism
The Poverty of Historicism
The Poverty of Historicism is a book by twentieth century philosopher Karl Popper which seeks to persuade the reader of both the danger and the bankruptcy of the idea of historicism.-Publication:...

. Situational analysis is a process by which a social scientist tries to reconstruct the problem situation confronting an agent in order to understand that agent's choice. Koertge
Noretta Koertge
Noretta Koertge is a philosopher of science noted for her work on Karl Popper and scientific rationality. She worked since 1981 as a Professor in the Department of History and Philosophy of Science and Indiana University and is now an Emeritus Professorship...

(1975) provides a helpful clarificatory summary.This use of this summary is from Boumans and Davis (2010) First provide a description of the situation:
Agent A was in a situation of type C.

This situation is then analysed
In a situation of type C, the appropriate thing to do it X.

The rationality principle may then be called upon:
agents always act appropriately to their situation

Finally we have the explanadum:
(therefor) A did X.
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