As the shoulder is the most complex and unstable joint in the body, it can get injured easily. Many surgeries have been developed to repair the muscles, connective tissue or damaged joints that can arise from traumatic or overuse injuries to the shoulder.

Dislocated Shoulder

See http://www.orthop.washington.edu/uw/arthroscopic/tabID__3367/ItemID__162/PageID__3/Articles/Default.aspx

• Arthroscopic Repairs
  • repair of the Glenoid labrum (anterior or posterior)
• Rehabilitation
  • The recovery depends upon many factors, such as where the tear was located, how severe it was and how good the surgical repair was. It is believed that it takes at least four to six weeks for the labrum to re-attach itself to the scapula bone (shoulder blade), and probably another four to six weeks to get strong. The labrum is a ring of cartilage on the rim of a shallow socket in the scapula into which the head of the upper arm bone normally fits and rotates. Once the labrum has healed to the rim of the shoulder blade, it should see stress very gradually so that it can gather strength. It is important not to re-injure it while it is healing. How much motion and strengthening of the arm is allowed after surgery also depends upon many factors, and it is up to the surgeon to let you know your limitations and how fast to progress. Because of the variability in the injury and the type of repair done, it is difficult to predict how soon someone can to return to activities and to sports after the repair. The type of sport also is important, since contact sports have a greater chance of injuring the labrum repair. However, a vast majority of patients have full function of the shoulder after labrum repair, and most patients can return to their previous level of sports with no or few restrictions. []
  • repair of the capsular ligaments (Bankart repair
    Bankart Repair
    A Bankart repair is an operation for habitual anterior shoulder dislocation. The joint capsule is sewed to the detached labrum glenoidale, without duplication of the subscapularis tendon.-External links:* at Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics...
    
    )
  • repair of the biceps
    Biceps brachii muscle
    In human anatomy, the biceps brachii, or simply biceps in common parlance, is, as the name implies, a two-headed muscle located on the upper arm. Both heads arise on the scapula and join to form a single muscle belly which is attached to the upper forearm...
    
     long head anchor or SLAP lesion
    SLAP tear
    A SLAP tear or SLAP lesion is an injury to the Glenoid labrum . SLAP is an acronym that stands for "superior labral tear from anterior to posterior".-Overview:...
    
    
  • tightening of the shoulder capsule (capsulorrhaphy or capsular shift)
• Open Repairs (for dislocations with fractures, etc.)

Separated shoulder

• Weaver-Dunn procedure
  Weaver-Dunn procedure
  This is a generally successful type of surgery involved in the treatment of severe separated shoulders developed by James K. Weaver, M.D., Albuquerque, NM , and Harold K...
  
  
• Weaver-Dunn with various additional fixations (sutures, suture anchors, tendon autograft) to replace the coracoclavicular ligament
  Coracoclavicular ligament
  The Coracoclavicular Ligament serves to connect the clavicle with the coracoid process of the scapula.It does not properly belong the acromioclavicular joint articulation, but is usually described with it, since it forms a most efficient means of retaining the clavicle in contact with the acromion...
  
  s. Note: various methods have been utilized to anchor the clavicle in place while the surgery heals. This includes
  • Dacron graft/loop
  • Bosworth screw
  • Kirschner wires
  • Hook plate http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11822073&dopt=Abstract
• Anatomic Repair, or any repair using tendon allograft without sacrificing the coracoacromial ligament
  Coracoacromial ligament
  The Coracoacromial Ligament is a strong triangular band, extending between the coracoid process and the acromion.It is attached, by its apex, to the summit of the acromion just in front of the articular surface for the clavicle; and by its broad base to the whole length of the lateral border of the...
  
  .
• Arthroscopic Weaver-Dunn
• Transfer of conjoined tendon and distal end of coracoid process to the clavicle

Tendonitis, bursitis, and impingement syndrome

• Tendon Repair
• Mumford Procedure/Acromioplasty
  Acromioplasty
  Acromioplasty is a arthroscopic surgical procedure of the acromion.Generally, it implies removal of a small piece of the surface of the bone that is in contact with a tendon causing, by friction, damage to the latter tissue.-External links:...
  
  

Arthritis of the shoulder (glenohumeral joint)

Shoulder replacement

• Total shoulder replacement
  Shoulder replacement
  Shoulder replacement is a surgical procedure in which all or part of the glenohumeral joint is replaced by a prosthetic implant. Such joint replacement surgery generally is conducted to relieve arthritis pain or fix severe physical joint damage....
  
  
• Hemiarthroplasty (half a replacement)
• Reverse Shoulder Implant (for arthritis with large rotator cuff tear)

Arthritis or Osteolysis of the AC (acromioclavicular) joint

• Mumford Procedure (Open or Arthroscopic)

See also

• Shoulder Problems
  Shoulder problems
  Shoulder problems including pain, are one of the more common reasons for physician visits for musculoskeletal symptoms. The shoulder is the most movable joint in the body. However, it is an unstable joint because of the range of motion allowed...
  
  
• Separated shoulder
  Separated shoulder
  A separated shoulder , is a common injury to the acromioclavicular joint. This is not the same as a shoulder dislocation as that involves a dislocation of the glenohumeral joint...
  
  
• Clavicle fracture
  Clavicle fracture
  A clavicle fracture is a bone fracture in the clavicle, or collarbone. It is often caused by a fall onto an outstretched upper extremity, a fall onto a shoulder, or a direct blow to the clavicle...
  
  
• Arthroscopy
  Arthroscopy
  Arthroscopy is a minimally invasive surgical procedure in which an examination and sometimes treatment of damage of the interior of a joint is performed using an arthroscope, a type of endoscope that is inserted into the joint through a small incision...
  
  
• Arthritis
  Arthritis
  Arthritis is a form of joint disorder that involves inflammation of one or more joints....
  
  
• Articular capsule of the humerus
  Articular capsule of the humerus
  The articular capsule of the humerus is the articular capsule of the shoulder joint. It completely encircles the joint, being attached, above, to the circumference of the glenoid cavity beyond the glenoidal labrum; below, to the anatomical neck of the humerus, approaching nearer to the articular...
  
   (shoulder joint)
• Glenoid cavity
  Glenoid cavity
  The glenoid cavity is a shallow pyriform, articular surface, which is located on the lateral angle of the scapula. It is directed laterally and forward and articulates with the head of the humerus; it is broader below than above and its vertical diameter is the longest.This cavity forms the...
  
  
• Glenoid labrum

External links

• American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons - Shoulder Surgery