Shorts 360
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The Short 360 (also SD3-60) is a commuter aircraft built by Short Brothers
. The Short 360 seats up to 36-39 passengers and was introduced into service in 1981. It is a larger version of the Short 330.
is slightly greater and its power is supplied by two Pratt & Whitney PT6A-65Rs. The development was announced in 1980, with the prototype's first flight on 1 June 1981 and type certification awarded on 3 September 1981.
Once in production, Short marketed a number of 360 developments, the first of which was the 360 Advanced with 1,424 shp (1,062 kW) PT6A-65-ARs. The 360 Advanced was introduced in late 1985, soon followed by the further improved 360/300, which entered service in March 1987. The 360/300 introduced advanced six-blade propellers, more powerful PT6A-67R engines, and other aerodynamic improvements, giving a higher cruise speed and improved "hot and high" performance. The 360/300 was also built in 360/300F freighter configuration. Total production was 164 aircraft.
The Short 360 entered service with Suburban Airlines (later merged with Allegheny Airlines
/US Airways
) in November 1981. Building on the strengths and reputation of its earlier 330 antecedent, the 360s found a niche in regional airline use worldwide, being able to operate comfortably from 4,500 ft (1,400 m) long runways – opening up hundreds of airfields inaccessible by scheduled flights. With a cruise speed about 215 mph (370 km/h), at an altitude of 10,000 ft (3,048 m), the 360 was not the fastest turboprop in its market but it offered more than acceptable performance for a reasonably affordable pricetag combined with ease of service and maintainability. The PT6A turboprops are fully ICAO Stage 3 noise-compliant, making the 360 (and its 330 cousin) one of the quietest turboprop aircraft operating today. Production on the 360 ceased in 1991
after 165 deliveries. As of 1998, approximately 110 360s were in service. In 2009 a retired Emerald Airlines 360 was bought by Kingsland Primary School in Stoke-on-Trent, for use as a mobile classroom.
incident.
(2), Deraya Air Taxi
(2), Freedom Air
(2), South Pacific Express (2), Air Contractors
(3), Aerocondor
(4), Aurigny Air Services
(1), Benair (1), Emerald Airways (10), Nightexpress
(2), Aeroperlas
(8), Air Cargo Carriers
(19), Air Santo Domingo
(1), AirNow
(3), Pacific Coastal Airlines
(2), Roblex Aviation
(7), Servicios Aéreos Profesionales
(1), Skyway Enterprises
(8), Trans Air (1) and Trans Executive Airlines (4).
Argentina
Aruba
Australia
Canada
Mainland China
Costa Rica
Guatemala
Guernsey
Honduras
Republic of Ireland
Israel
Nicaragua
Panama
Philippines
Portugal
Seychelles
Thailand
United Kingdom
United States
Venezuela
Short Brothers
Short Brothers plc is a British aerospace company, usually referred to simply as Shorts, that is now based in Belfast, Northern Ireland. Founded in 1908, Shorts was the first company in the world to make production aircraft and was a manufacturer of flying boats during the 1920s, 1930s, and 1940s...
. The Short 360 seats up to 36-39 passengers and was introduced into service in 1981. It is a larger version of the Short 330.
Development
The Short 360 is a 36-seat derivative of the 30–33 seat Short 330. In high density configuration, 39 passengers could be seated. The two Short airliners share a high degree of commonality and are very close in overall dimensions and size. The later 360 is easily identified by a larger, swept tail unit mounted on a revised rear fuselage. The 360 has a 3 ft (91 cm) fuselage "plug" allowing two more seat rows and six extra passengers to be carried, while the extra length smoothed out the aerodynamic profile and reduced drag. Seating is arranged with two seats on the starboard side of the cabin and one seat on the port side. The 360's wingspanWingspan
The wingspan of an airplane or a bird, is the distance from one wingtip to the other wingtip. For example, the Boeing 777 has a wingspan of about ; and a Wandering Albatross caught in 1965 had a wingspan of , the official record for a living bird.The term wingspan, more technically extent, is...
is slightly greater and its power is supplied by two Pratt & Whitney PT6A-65Rs. The development was announced in 1980, with the prototype's first flight on 1 June 1981 and type certification awarded on 3 September 1981.
Once in production, Short marketed a number of 360 developments, the first of which was the 360 Advanced with 1,424 shp (1,062 kW) PT6A-65-ARs. The 360 Advanced was introduced in late 1985, soon followed by the further improved 360/300, which entered service in March 1987. The 360/300 introduced advanced six-blade propellers, more powerful PT6A-67R engines, and other aerodynamic improvements, giving a higher cruise speed and improved "hot and high" performance. The 360/300 was also built in 360/300F freighter configuration. Total production was 164 aircraft.
Operational history
Allegheny Airlines
Allegheny Airlines was an airline operating out of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States, from 1952 to 1979. It was a forerunner of today’s US Airways. Its headquarters were located on the grounds of Washington National Airport in Arlington County, Virginia....
/US Airways
US Airways
US Airways, Inc. is a major airline based in the U.S. city of Tempe, Arizona. The airline is an operating unit of US Airways Group and is the sixth largest airline by traffic and eighth largest by market value in the country....
) in November 1981. Building on the strengths and reputation of its earlier 330 antecedent, the 360s found a niche in regional airline use worldwide, being able to operate comfortably from 4,500 ft (1,400 m) long runways – opening up hundreds of airfields inaccessible by scheduled flights. With a cruise speed about 215 mph (370 km/h), at an altitude of 10,000 ft (3,048 m), the 360 was not the fastest turboprop in its market but it offered more than acceptable performance for a reasonably affordable pricetag combined with ease of service and maintainability. The PT6A turboprops are fully ICAO Stage 3 noise-compliant, making the 360 (and its 330 cousin) one of the quietest turboprop aircraft operating today. Production on the 360 ceased in 1991
1991 in aviation
This is a list of aviation-related events from 1991:-January:*January 16 – Eastern Air Lines is dissolved after 64 years of operation. Many of its remaining assets are parceled out to American and Continental Airlines....
after 165 deliveries. As of 1998, approximately 110 360s were in service. In 2009 a retired Emerald Airlines 360 was bought by Kingsland Primary School in Stoke-on-Trent, for use as a mobile classroom.
Accidents and incidents
A total of 11 hull loss accidents have been recorded for the Short 360, with one more probable in the wake of the recent Air Cargo CarriersAir Cargo Carriers
Air Cargo Carriers is a cargo airline based in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA. It was established in 1986 and operates contract feeder cargo services for UPS and DHL. Air Cargo Carriers, Inc. is the largest civilian operator of Shorts aircraft in the world. Its main base of operations is General...
incident.
- 13 December 1987: Philippine Air Lines Flight 443 crashed in the PhilippinesPhilippinesThe Philippines , officially known as the Republic of the Philippines , is a country in Southeast Asia in the western Pacific Ocean. To its north across the Luzon Strait lies Taiwan. West across the South China Sea sits Vietnam...
and all 15 on board were killed. - 13 January 2000: A Sirte Oil Company Short 360 crashed on approach near BregaBregaBrega may refer to:*Brega , an inhabited location in Libya**Marsa Brega Airport, the airport for Brega-People:...
; 22 of the 41 passengers and crew on board were killed. - 27 February 2001: Loganair Flight 670 crashed into the Firth of ForthFirth of ForthThe Firth of Forth is the estuary or firth of Scotland's River Forth, where it flows into the North Sea, between Fife to the north, and West Lothian, the City of Edinburgh and East Lothian to the south...
after takeoff; both pilots killed. - 21 August 2004: A Venezuelan Air Force crashed into a mountain near MaracayMaracayMaracay is a city in north-central Venezuela, near the Caribbean coast, and is the capital and most important city of the state of Aragua. Most of it falls under the jurisdiction of the Girardot Municipality. The population as per the 2001 census was 750,000...
, killing all 30 people on board.
Variants
- 360-100 was the first production model with Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6A-65R turboprop engines.
- 360 Advanced featured an upgraded PT6A-65AR engines providing 1,424 shaft horsepower (1,062 kilowatts) each. The aircraft was later redesignated 360-200. Variant was introduced in late 1985.
- 360-300 added even more powerful PT6A-67R engines with six blade propellerPropeller (aircraft)Aircraft propellers or airscrews convert rotary motion from piston engines or turboprops to provide propulsive force. They may be fixed or variable pitch. Early aircraft propellers were carved by hand from solid or laminated wood with later propellers being constructed from metal...
s providing a higher cruise speed and improved performance. - 360-300F was a freighter version of -300. with capacity for five LD3 cargo containers.
- C-23 SherpaC-23 Sherpa|-C-23B/C:-See also:-External links:*****...
B+ and C variants are military configured Short 360s operated by the United States militaryMilitary of the United StatesThe United States Armed Forces are the military forces of the United States. They consist of the Army, Navy, Marine Corps, Air Force, and Coast Guard.The United States has a strong tradition of civilian control of the military...
.
Operators
In August 2006, a total of 87 Short 360 aircraft (all variants) were in airline service, with Air SeychellesAir Seychelles
Air Seychelles is the national airline of the Seychelles, with its head office on the property of Seychelles International Airport on the island of Mahé. It operates inter-island services and international flights...
(2), Deraya Air Taxi
Deraya Air Taxi
Deraya Air Taxi is an airline based in Jakarta, Indonesia. It operates commuter, charter, medical evacuation, and aerial photography services, as well as a flying school. Its main base is Halim Perdanakusuma International Airport, Jakarta, with a hub at Husein Sastranegara International Airport,...
(2), Freedom Air
Freedom Air (Guam)
Freedom Air is a Barrigada, Guam-based airline operating scheduled passenger and cargo services in Guam and the Northern Mariana Islands. Its headquarters is located in Guam's Antonio B. Won Pat International Airport....
(2), South Pacific Express (2), Air Contractors
Air Contractors
Air Contractors Limited is a freight airline. It operates scheduled freight services throughout Europe on behalf of major integrators such as FedEx Feeder and DHL Express...
(3), Aerocondor
Aerocondor
Aerocondor was an airline based in Cascais, Portugal. It was a regional airline operating scheduled services in mainland Portugal and to Madeira, as well as scheduled passenger services in France and charter services to the United Kingdom and Spain...
(4), Aurigny Air Services
Aurigny Air Services
Aurigny Air Services was founded by Sir Derrick Bailey and started operations on 1 March 1968 after British United Airways withdrew the Alderney to Guernsey route...
(1), Benair (1), Emerald Airways (10), Nightexpress
Nightexpress
Nightexpress Luftverkehrsgesellschaft mbH is an airline based in Frankfurt, Germany, that was founded in 1984 and had 27 employees...
(2), Aeroperlas
Aeroperlas
Aeroperlas is an airline based in Panama City, Panama. It is a regional airline operating over 50 daily flights to 15 domestic destinations, as well as charter flights. It operates services as part of the Grupo TACA Regional Airlines system. Its main base is Marcos A...
(8), Air Cargo Carriers
Air Cargo Carriers
Air Cargo Carriers is a cargo airline based in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA. It was established in 1986 and operates contract feeder cargo services for UPS and DHL. Air Cargo Carriers, Inc. is the largest civilian operator of Shorts aircraft in the world. Its main base of operations is General...
(19), Air Santo Domingo
Air Santo Domingo
Air Santo Domingo was the flag carrier airline of the Dominican Republic. It operated scheduled domestic services and flights to Haiti...
(1), AirNow
AirNow
AirNow is an American cargo airline based in Bennington, Vermont. It operates scheduled and charter cargo services throughout the northeast. Its main base is William H. Morse State Airport in Bennington. -Fleet:...
(3), Pacific Coastal Airlines
Pacific Coastal Airlines
Pacific Coastal Airlines is an airline based in Richmond, British Columbia, Canada. It operates scheduled, charter and cargo services to destinations in British Columbia. Its main base is Vancouver International Airport, with a hub at Port Hardy Airport....
(2), Roblex Aviation
Roblex Aviation
Roblex Aviation is a cargo airline based in Puerto Rico. This airline started flying in 1997 throughout the Caribbean and surrounding areas. The airline has two bases in Puerto Rico, one at San Juan's Luis Muñoz Marín International Airport and another at the former Air Force base in Aguadilla,...
(7), Servicios Aéreos Profesionales
Servicios Aereos Profesionales
Servicios Aéreos Profesionales is an airline based in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic. It operates services in the Caribbean area.-Services:Servicios Aéreos Profesionales operates the following services :...
(1), Skyway Enterprises
Skyway Enterprises
Skyway Enterprises is an American airline based in Kissimmee, Florida, USA. It operates domestic on demand cargo and passenger charter flights, as well as contract flights for FedEx and Mario's Air .- History :...
(8), Trans Air (1) and Trans Executive Airlines (4).
Argentina
- LAPA
Aruba
- Tiara AirTiara AirTiara Air is an airline based in Aruba. Tiara Air has flights to Curaçao, Punto Fijo, Bonaire and Riohacha. The airline is operating two Shorts 360 twin-engine turboprop aircraft built in 1983 and it is rumored there are plans to upgrade its current fleet with regional turboprops/jets. The airline...
Australia
- Sunstate AirlinesSunstate AirlinesSunstate Airlines is a subsidiary of Qantas which operates regional flights under the QantasLink banner throughout Queensland; and on the trunk routes between Sydney and Canberra, and between Brisbane and Canberra...
Canada
- Pacific Coastal AirlinesPacific Coastal AirlinesPacific Coastal Airlines is an airline based in Richmond, British Columbia, Canada. It operates scheduled, charter and cargo services to destinations in British Columbia. Its main base is Vancouver International Airport, with a hub at Port Hardy Airport....
Mainland China
- CAACCAACCAAC is an acronym which may refer to the following:* Civil Aviation Administration of China, an administrative body of the People's Republic of China* Capital Area Activities Conference, a high school sports league centered around Lansing, Michigan...
Costa Rica
- TACAGrupo TACATACA is the trade name "brand" comprising a group of five independently IATA-coded and -owned Central American airlines, whose operations are combined to function as one and a number of other independently owned and IATA-coded regional airlines which code-share and feed the TACA brand system...
(SANSA)
Guatemala
- TACAGrupo TACATACA is the trade name "brand" comprising a group of five independently IATA-coded and -owned Central American airlines, whose operations are combined to function as one and a number of other independently owned and IATA-coded regional airlines which code-share and feed the TACA brand system...
(INTER)
Guernsey
- Aurigny Air ServicesAurigny Air ServicesAurigny Air Services was founded by Sir Derrick Bailey and started operations on 1 March 1968 after British United Airways withdrew the Alderney to Guernsey route...
Honduras
- TACAGrupo TACATACA is the trade name "brand" comprising a group of five independently IATA-coded and -owned Central American airlines, whose operations are combined to function as one and a number of other independently owned and IATA-coded regional airlines which code-share and feed the TACA brand system...
(ISLEÑA)
Republic of Ireland
- Aer ArannAer ArannAer Arann is a regional airline based in Dublin, Ireland. Aer Arann operates scheduled services from Ireland and the Isle of Man to destinations in Ireland, the United Kingdom, and France, with a fleet of 18 aircraft. Aer Arann has expanded from a single aircraft to Ireland's third largest airline...
- Aer LingusAer LingusAer Lingus Group Plc is the flag carrier of Ireland. It operates a fleet of Airbus aircraft serving Europe and North America. It is Ireland's oldest extant airline, and its second largest after low-cost rival Ryanair...
Israel
- Ayit Aviation and TourismAyit Aviation and TourismAyit Aviation and Tourism is an Israeli domestic airline established in 2008. Ayit flies between Sde Dov Airport near Tel Aviv and Ben Ya'akov Airport near Rosh Pina....
Nicaragua
- TACAGrupo TACATACA is the trade name "brand" comprising a group of five independently IATA-coded and -owned Central American airlines, whose operations are combined to function as one and a number of other independently owned and IATA-coded regional airlines which code-share and feed the TACA brand system...
(LA COSTENA)
Panama
- TACAGrupo TACATACA is the trade name "brand" comprising a group of five independently IATA-coded and -owned Central American airlines, whose operations are combined to function as one and a number of other independently owned and IATA-coded regional airlines which code-share and feed the TACA brand system...
AeroperlasAeroperlasAeroperlas is an airline based in Panama City, Panama. It is a regional airline operating over 50 daily flights to 15 domestic destinations, as well as charter flights. It operates services as part of the Grupo TACA Regional Airlines system. Its main base is Marcos A...
Philippines
- Philippine AirlinesPhilippine AirlinesPhilippine Airlines, Inc. operating as Philippine Airlines, is a flag carrier of the Philippines. Headquartered in the Philippine National Bank Financial Center in Pasay City, the airline was founded in 1941 and is the first and oldest commercial airline in Asia operating under its original name...
Portugal
- Aero VipAero VIPAerovip is an airline based in Buenos Aires, Argentina . It operates regional passenger services. Its main base is Ezeiza International Airport, Buenos Aires....
Seychelles
- Air SeychellesAir SeychellesAir Seychelles is the national airline of the Seychelles, with its head office on the property of Seychelles International Airport on the island of Mahé. It operates inter-island services and international flights...
Thailand
- Thai AirwaysThai Airways InternationalThai Airways International Public Company Limited is the national flag carrier and largest airline of Thailand. Formed in 1988, the airline's headquarters are located in Chatuchak District, Bangkok, and operates out of Suvarnabhumi Airport. Thai is a founding member of the Star Alliance. Thai is a...
United Kingdom
- HD AirHD Air LtdHD Air Limited was a British cargo airline based in Oxfordshire, United Kingdom. It operates contract services for the Royal Mail and other express courier companies, as well as ad hoc freight charters throughout Europe...
(formerly BAC Express) - British Regional AirwaysBritish AirwaysBritish Airways is the flag carrier airline of the United Kingdom, based in Waterside, near its main hub at London Heathrow Airport. British Airways is the largest airline in the UK based on fleet size, international flights and international destinations...
/LoganairLoganairLoganair is a Scottish airline with its registered office on the grounds of Glasgow International Airport and in Paisley, Renfrewshire, Scotland. Loganair operates scheduled services under a Flybe franchise in mainland Scotland and to Orkney, Shetland and the Western Isles. In addition it operates... - Manx AirlinesManx AirlinesManx Airlines was an Isle of Man based airline which existed between 1982 and 2002. Its head office was located on the grounds of Isle of Man Airport in Ballasalla, Malew. An airline of the same name had existed between 1947 and 1958.-History:...
- Jersey European (now FlybeFlybeFlybe Group PLC is a British low-cost regional airline headquartered at the Jack Walker House at Exeter International Airport in Devon, England...
) - Gill AirwaysGill AirwaysGill Airways was a regional airline with its head office in New Aviation House on the grounds of Newcastle Airport in Newcastle-upon-Tyne, England, United Kingdom....
United States
- US AirwaysUS AirwaysUS Airways, Inc. is a major airline based in the U.S. city of Tempe, Arizona. The airline is an operating unit of US Airways Group and is the sixth largest airline by traffic and eighth largest by market value in the country....
- American EagleAmerican Eagle AirlinesAmerican Eagle Airlines is a brand name used by American Eagle Airlines, Inc. , based in Fort Worth, Texas, and Executive Airlines based in San Juan, Puerto Rico, in the operation of passenger air service as regional affiliates of American Airlines. All three airlines are wholly owned subsidiaries...
- Air Cargo CarriersAir Cargo CarriersAir Cargo Carriers is a cargo airline based in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA. It was established in 1986 and operates contract feeder cargo services for UPS and DHL. Air Cargo Carriers, Inc. is the largest civilian operator of Shorts aircraft in the world. Its main base of operations is General...
- Federal Express
- Freedom Air (Guam)Freedom Air (Guam)Freedom Air is a Barrigada, Guam-based airline operating scheduled passenger and cargo services in Guam and the Northern Mariana Islands. Its headquarters is located in Guam's Antonio B. Won Pat International Airport....
- Gulfstream International AirlinesGulfstream International AirlinesGulfstream International Group, Inc., operating as Gulfstream International Airlines , is a United States airline based in Fort Lauderdale, Florida. It operates scheduled and charter services to Florida and Bahamas and the Caribbean. It operates as a United Express carrier for United Airlines...
- Roblex AviationRoblex AviationRoblex Aviation is a cargo airline based in Puerto Rico. This airline started flying in 1997 throughout the Caribbean and surrounding areas. The airline has two bases in Puerto Rico, one at San Juan's Luis Muñoz Marín International Airport and another at the former Air Force base in Aguadilla,...
Venezuela
- Venezuelan Air Force (Fuerza Aérea Venezolana)