Shinto sects and schools
Encyclopedia
Folk religion
Folk religion consists of ethnic or regional religious customs under the umbrella of an organized religion, but outside of official doctrine and practices...
of Japan
Japan
Japan is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south...
, developed a diversity of schools
School (discipline)
A school of thought is a collection or group of people who share common characteristics of opinion or outlook of a philosophy, discipline, belief, social movement, cultural movement, or art movement....
and sect
Sect
A sect is a group with distinctive religious, political or philosophical beliefs. Although in past it was mostly used to refer to religious groups, it has since expanded and in modern culture can refer to any organization that breaks away from a larger one to follow a different set of rules and...
s, outbranching from the original Ko Shintō
Ko-shinto (Jomon-jin)
is the name given to the original Shinto tradition of the Jomon people still practiced today in some Ainu families and communities, as well as in some Ryukyuan areas.Ko-Shinto has much in common with Shinto...
(ancient Shintō) since Buddhism
Buddhism
Buddhism is a religion and philosophy encompassing a variety of traditions, beliefs and practices, largely based on teachings attributed to Siddhartha Gautama, commonly known as the Buddha . The Buddha lived and taught in the northeastern Indian subcontinent some time between the 6th and 4th...
was introduced into Japan in the sixth century.
Early period Shinto schools and groups
The main Shinto schools with traditions traceable to early periods, according to authoritative published records are:Bukka Shintō
- These were the various forms of Shintō developed by Buddhist thinkers, also known as Bukke Shintō. These doctrines combining Buddhist elements into Shintō elements (Shinbutsu shūgōShinbutsu Shugo, literally "syncretism of kami and buddhas" is the syncretism of Buddhism and kami worship which was Japan's religion until the Meiji period...
).
Goryū Shintō
- Goryū refers to the Buddhist DharmaDharmaDharma means Law or Natural Law and is a concept of central importance in Indian philosophy and religion. In the context of Hinduism, it refers to one's personal obligations, calling and duties, and a Hindu's dharma is affected by the person's age, caste, class, occupation, and gender...
lineage. This Shinto schools was part of Ryōbu Shintō.
Hakke Shintō
- The Shirakawa Hakuō House, in charge of the post of superintendent of the Ministry of Deities (Jingi-kanJingi-kan, also known as the Department of Shinto Affairs, was a Japanese Imperial bureaucracy established in the 8th century, as part of the ritsuryō reforms.-History:...
) transmitted this school. Also called Shirakawa Shintō.
Hokke Shintō
- This doctrines were influenced by the NichirenNichiren BuddhismNichiren Buddhism is a branch of Mahāyāna Buddhism based on the teachings of the 13th century Japanese monk Nichiren...
sect of Buddhism which incorporated kamiKamiis the Japanese word for the spirits, natural forces, or essence in the Shinto faith. Although the word is sometimes translated as "god" or "deity", some Shinto scholars argue that such a translation can cause a misunderstanding of the term...
cults within its own system.
Inbe Shintō
- This is the Inbe clan lineage and commonly held to have been created by Inbe Masamichi that was in charge of court rituals together with the Nakatomi clanNakatomi clanThe Nakatomi clan was an influential clan in Classical Japan. Along with the Inbe clan, the Nakatomi were one of two priestly clans which oversaw certain important national rites, and one of many to claim descent from divine clan ancestors "only a degree less sublime than the imperial ancestors"...
.
Ise Shintō
- Transmitted by priests of the Watarai clan at the Outer Shrine (Gekū) of the Grand Shrine of Ise (Ise Jingū). It is also called WataraiWatarai, Mieis a town located in Watarai District, Mie, Japan.As of 2010, the town has an estimated population of 8,732 and a density of 64.7 persons per km². The total area is 134.97 km².-External links:*...
Shintō.
Jingidōke
- A collective term for lineages which were mainly occupied with Shinto, these included the jingi clans (jingi shizoku) and clans connected to the Jingi-kanJingi-kan, also known as the Department of Shinto Affairs, was a Japanese Imperial bureaucracy established in the 8th century, as part of the ritsuryō reforms.-History:...
such as the Nakatomi and Inbe.
Jūhachi Shintō
- Yoshida Kanetomo, taught his principles in his work Essentials of Prime Shinto (Yuiitsu Shintō myōbō yōshū).
Juka Shintō
- Shinto explained by Japanese ConfucianistsConfucianismConfucianism is a Chinese ethical and philosophical system developed from the teachings of the Chinese philosopher Confucius . Confucianism originated as an "ethical-sociopolitical teaching" during the Spring and Autumn Period, but later developed metaphysical and cosmological elements in the Han...
. These teachings claim the unity of Shinto and Confucianism.
Kaden Shintō
- The Shinto transmitted by hereditary Shinto priests, known as shinshokuke or shake. It is also called shake Shintō, shaden Shintō or densha Shintō.
Kikke Shintō
- Transmitted by the Tachibana clan. Kikke Shinto became widely known during the mid-EdoEdo periodThe , or , is a division of Japanese history which was ruled by the shoguns of the Tokugawa family, running from 1603 to 1868. The political entity of this period was the Tokugawa shogunate....
HōeiHoeiwas a after Genroku and before Shōtoku. This period spanned the years from March 1704 through April 1711. The reigning emperors were and .-Change of era:...
era (1704–1710).
Koshintō
Koshintō
is the name given to the original Shinto tradition of the Jomon people still practiced today in some Ainu families and communities, as well as in some Ryukyuan areas.Ko-Shinto has much in common with Shinto...
"Ancient Shintō". These were the various doctrines and myths of Shintō before the integration of Buddhism elements.
Miwa-ryū Shintō
- A form of Ryōbu Shintō that developed primarily at Byōdōji and Ōgorinji (Ōmiwadera), temples serving as the "parish temples" (jingū-jiJingū-jiUntil the Meiji period , the Japanese were places of worship composed of a Buddhist temple and of a shrine dedicated to a local kami. These complexes were born when a temple was erected next to a shrine to help its kami. At the time, deities were thought to be also subjected to karma, and...
) of Ōmiwa ShrineŌmiwa Shrine, also known as , is a Shinto shrine located in Sakurai, Nara, Japan. The shrine is noted because it contains no sacred images or objects because it is believed to serve Mount Miwa, the mountain on which it stands. For the same reason, it has a , but no . In this sense, it is a model of what the...
in Nara PrefectureNara Prefectureis a prefecture in the Kansai region on Honshū Island, Japan. The capital is the city of Nara.-History:The present-day Nara Prefecture was created in 1887, making it independent of Osaka Prefecture....
.
Mononobe Shintō
- Based on the text Sendai kuji hongi taiseikyō.
Ōgimachi Shintō
- Originated by Suika Shinto by Ōgimachi Kinmichi's (1653–1733) transmission to the sovereign and court retainers. In 1680 Kinmichi presented a Shinto oath to Yamazaki AnsaiYamazaki Ansaiwas a Japanese philosopher and scholar. He began his career as a Buddhist monk, but eventually came to follow the teachings of Neo-Confucian Zhu Xi. He combined Neo-Confucian ideas with Shinto to create Suika Shinto.-Early Years/Buddhism:...
, taking up a full-scale study of Suika Shinto.
Reisō Shintō
- Buddhist Shintō (Bukka Shintō) created in the Edo period by Chōon Dō kai (1628–1695) and further developed by Jōin (1683–1739).
Ritō Shinchi Shintō
- Created by Confucian scholar Hayashi RazanHayashi Razan, also known as Hayashi Dōshun, was a Japanese Neo-Confucian philosopher, serving as a tutor and an advisor to the first four shoguns of the Tokugawa bakufu. He is also attributed with first listing the Three Views of Japan. Razan was the founder of the Hayashi clan of Confucian scholars.Razan was...
(1583–1657). Razan was the only Confucian scholar officially employed by the TokugawaTokugawa shogunateThe Tokugawa shogunate, also known as the and the , was a feudal regime of Japan established by Tokugawa Ieyasu and ruled by the shoguns of the Tokugawa family. This period is known as the Edo period and gets its name from the capital city, Edo, which is now called Tokyo, after the name was...
government.
Ryōbu Shintō
- These are the Shintō doctrines derived from Shingon BuddhismShingon Buddhismis one of the mainstream major schools of Japanese Buddhism and one of the few surviving Esoteric Buddhist lineages that started in the 3rd to 4th century CE that originally spread from India to China through traveling monks such as Vajrabodhi and Amoghavajra...
. These doctrines relate the Inner Shrine of Ise with DainichiVairocanaVairocana is a celestial Buddha who is often interpreted as the Bliss Body of the historical Gautama Buddha; he can also be referred to as the dharmakaya Buddha and the great solar Buddha. In Sino-Japanese Buddhism, Vairocana is also seen as the embodiment of the Buddhist concept of shunyata or...
of the Womb RealmWomb RealmIn Vajrayana Buddhism, the Womb Realm is the metaphysical space inhabited by the Five Wisdom Kings. The Womb Realm is based on the Mahāvairocana Sutra...
(taizōkai) and the Outer Shrine with Dainichi of the VajraVajraVajra is a Sanskrit word meaning both thunderbolt and diamond...
realm (kongōkai).
Sannō Shintō
- TendaiTendaiis a Japanese school of Mahayana Buddhism, a descendant of the Chinese Tiantai or Lotus Sutra school.Chappell frames the relevance of Tendai for a universal Buddhism:- History :...
sect Shintō, based on the cult of the Mountain King (Sannō) at the Hiyoshi TaishaHiyoshi Taishais a Shinto shrine located in Ōtsu, Shiga, Japan. The and the have been designated by the Agency for Cultural Affairs as National Treasures in the category shrines.- History :Hiyoshi Taisha was first recorded in Kojiki, written in the 8th century...
.
Shugendō
Shugendo
is a highly syncretic Buddhic religion or sect and mystical-spiritual tradition which originated in pre-Feudal Japan, in which enlightenment is equated with attaining oneness with the . This perception of experiential "awakening" is obtained through the understanding of the relationship between...
- ShugendōShugendois a highly syncretic Buddhic religion or sect and mystical-spiritual tradition which originated in pre-Feudal Japan, in which enlightenment is equated with attaining oneness with the . This perception of experiential "awakening" is obtained through the understanding of the relationship between...
and its practitioners, shugen, teaches the attainment of supranormal, magico-religious power through ascetic activities in the mountains. It was submissive to Buddhism for some time, later dividing into sects with more or less Buddhist or Koshintō influence.
Suika Shintō
- Created by Yamazaki AnsaiYamazaki Ansaiwas a Japanese philosopher and scholar. He began his career as a Buddhist monk, but eventually came to follow the teachings of Neo-Confucian Zhu Xi. He combined Neo-Confucian ideas with Shinto to create Suika Shinto.-Early Years/Buddhism:...
, a Confucian-Shintoist of the early Edo period.
Taishi-ryū Shintō
- Founded by Prince Shōtoku (Shōtoku Taishi, 574–622) and unifying Shintō, Confucianism, and Buddhism (sankyō itchi).
Tsuchimikado Shintō
- Created by the head court diviner Tsuchimikado Yasutomi. Yasutomi integrated the astrological and calendrical theories transmitted by the OnmyōdōOnmyodois a traditional Japanese esoteric cosmology, a mixture of natural science and occultism. It is based on the Chinese philosophies of Wu Xing and Yin and yang, introduced into Japan at the turn of the 6th century, and accepted as a practical system of divination...
specialists of the Abe clanAbe clanThe was one of the oldest of the major Japanese clans ; and the clan retained its prominence during the Sengoku period and the Edo period. The clan's origin is said to be one of the original clans of the Yamato people; they truly gained prominence during the Heian period , and experienced a...
.
Tsushima Shintō
- Originated at Tsushima IslandTsushima IslandTsushima Island is an island of the Japanese Archipelago situated in the middle of the Tsushima Strait at 34°25'N and 129°20'E. The main island of Tsushima was once a single island, but the island was divided into two in 1671 by the Ōfunakosiseto canal and into three in 1900 by the Manzekiseto canal...
in the Sea of JapanSea of JapanThe Sea of Japan is a marginal sea of the western Pacific Ocean, between the Asian mainland, the Japanese archipelago and Sakhalin. It is bordered by Japan, North Korea, Russia and South Korea. Like the Mediterranean Sea, it has almost no tides due to its nearly complete enclosure from the Pacific...
.
Uden Shintō
- Created by Kamo no Norikiyo (a.k.a. Umetsuji no Norikiyo, 1798–1862). Norikiyo developed his teachings on the basis of the Shinto transmissions at the shrine of Kamo wake Ikazuchi JinjaKamo Shrineis a general term for an important Shinto sanctuary complex on both banks of the Kamo River in northeast Kyoto. It is centered on two shrines. The two shrines, an upper and a lower, lie in a corner of the old capital which was known as the due to traditional geomancy beliefs that the north-east...
.
Unden Shintō
- Founded by Shingon monk Jiun Onkō (1718–1804). It is also known as Katsuragi Shintō because Jiun lived on Mt. Katsuragi. It integrates esoteric Buddhism, siddham (SanskritSanskritSanskrit , is a historical Indo-Aryan language and the primary liturgical language of Hinduism, Jainism and Buddhism.Buddhism: besides Pali, see Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Today, it is listed as one of the 22 scheduled languages of India and is an official language of the state of Uttarakhand...
philology), and ZenZenZen is a school of Mahāyāna Buddhism founded by the Buddhist monk Bodhidharma. The word Zen is from the Japanese pronunciation of the Chinese word Chán , which in turn is derived from the Sanskrit word dhyāna, which can be approximately translated as "meditation" or "meditative state."Zen...
, as well as ConfucianismConfucianismConfucianism is a Chinese ethical and philosophical system developed from the teachings of the Chinese philosopher Confucius . Confucianism originated as an "ethical-sociopolitical teaching" during the Spring and Autumn Period, but later developed metaphysical and cosmological elements in the Han...
and Shinto.
Yoshida Shintō
Yoshida Shintō
also frequently referred to as was a prominent sect of Shintō that arose during the Sengoku Period through the teachings and work of Yoshida Kanetomo. The sect was originally an effort to organize Shintō teachings into a coherent structure in order to assert its authority vis-a-vis Buddhism...
- Founded by Yoshida KanetomoYoshida Kanetomowas an Japanese Shinto priest in the Momoyama period. He was a seminal figure in the evolution of a coherent descriptive and interpretive schema of Shinto ritual and mythology.-Career:...
(1435–1511), who called his tradition yuiitsu shintō ("only-one Shintō"). His adherents and Yoshida ShrineYoshida Shrineis a Shinto shrine located in Sakyō-ku in Kyoto, Japan. It was founded in 859 by the Fujiwara clan.-History:The shrine became the object of Imperial patronage during the early Heian period. In 965, Emperor Murakami ordered that Imperial messengers were sent to report important events to the...
, until the end of the EdoEdo, also romanized as Yedo or Yeddo, is the former name of the Japanese capital Tokyo, and was the seat of power for the Tokugawa shogunate which ruled Japan from 1603 to 1868...
period, retained the right to award ranks to all shrines and priests except for a few associated with the Imperial family.
Yoshikawa Shintō
- This is a lineage transmitted by Shinto scholar Yoshikawa KoretariKikkawa familyThe Kikkawa family was a samurai clan of Japan's Sengoku period. The most famous member of the clan is likely Kikkawa Motoharu , one of Toyotomi Hideyoshi's generals, who was adopted into the family...
(1616–1694).
Shintō inspired religions
Two main types of Shinto inspired religions emerged in modern times, Sect Shinto (kyōha Shintō) and "Shinto derived new religions" (Shintōkei shinshūkyō). A concise list of these new religionsShinshukyo
is a Japanese term used to describe domestic new religious movements. They are also known as in Japanese, and are most often called simply Japanese new religions in English. Japanese theologians classify all religious organizations founded since the middle of the 19th century as Shinshūkyō. Thus,...
and their founders, according to authoritative sources (see References), is given below:
Sect Shinto
Fusōkyō- One of the thirteen sects of prewar Shintō. It was organized by Shishino Nakaba (1844–84) based on the mountain cult to Mount FujiMount Fujiis the highest mountain in Japan at . An active stratovolcano that last erupted in 1707–08, Mount Fuji lies about south-west of Tokyo, and can be seen from there on a clear day. Mount Fuji's exceptionally symmetrical cone is a well-known symbol of Japan and it is frequently depicted in art and...
(Fuji shinkō) founded by Hasegawa Kakugyō (1541?–1646?)
Izumo Ōyashirokyō
- Founded by Senge Takatomi (1845–1918) and one of the original thirteen pre-war sects of Shinto.
Jikkōkyō
- One of the thirteen sects of pre-war Shinto. Based on Fujidō, founded by Hasegawa Kakugyō (born in Nagasaki, 1541–1646). A mountain cult focused on Mount Fuji (Fuji shinkō).
Konkōkyō
Konkokyo
or just Konko, is a new religion of Japanese origin also regarded as a type of Sect Shinto. It is a syncretic, henotheistic and panentheistic religion, which worships God under the name of Tenchi Kane No Kami, the Golden God of Heaven and Earth. Tenchi Kane No Kami is also referred to as Kami, or...
- One of the thirteen sects of prewar Shinto. Founded by Konkō Daijin (1814–83) (born Akazawa Bunji).
Kurozumikyō
- One of the thirteen sects of prewar Shinto, founded by Kurozumi Munetada (1780–1850).
Kyōha Shintō Rengōkai
- A prewar federation of Shinto sects following the Shintō Dōshikai ("Society of Shinto Colleagues"), organized in 1895.
Misogikyō
- One of the thirteen sects of prewar Shinto. Founded by Inoue Masakane (1790–1849).
Ontakekyō
- One of the thirteen sects of Shinto in the prewar period centered on the faith in Mount Ontake (ontake shinkō).
Shinrikyō
- One of the thirteen sects of prewar Shinto founded by Sano Tsunehiko (1834–1906).
Shinshūkyō
- One of the thirteen sects of prewar Shinto founded by Yoshimura Masamochi (1839–1915).
Shintō Shūseiha
- One of the thirteen sects of prewar Shinto founded by Nitta Kuniteru (1829–1902).
Shintō Taikyō
- One of the thirteen sects of prewar Shinto known previously as Shintō Honkyoku (its formal name was simply "Shintō").
Shintō Taiseikyō
- One of the thirteen sects of prewar Shintō founded by Hirayama Seisai (1815–1890).
Tenrikyō
Tenrikyo
Tenrikyo is a monotheistic religion originating in revelations to a 19th-century Japanese woman named Nakayama Miki, known as Oyasama by followers...
- One of the thirteen sects of prewar Shinto. Founded by Nakayama Miki (1798–1887) after having a sudden experience of spirit possession (kamigakari) in the tenth lunar month of 1863.
Shintō derived new religions
Ananaikyō- An ŌmotoOmotoOmoto may refer to:*Oomoto, a Japanese religion*Omoto, the Japanese name for the ornamenal plant Rohdea japonica...
-lineage religion founded by Nakano Yonosuke (1887–1974).
Chikakusan Minshukyō Kyōdan
- Based on the mountain-worship cult of Mount OntakeMount Ontake, also referred to as , is the second highest volcano in Japan at located around northeast of Nagoya. It is on the borders of Kiso and Ōtaki, Nagano Prefecture, and Gero, Gifu Prefecture...
in the KisoKiso District, Naganois a district located in Nagano Prefecture, Japan.As of November 1, 2005, the district has an estimated population of 34,759. The total area is 1,546.26 km².Historically, the district was once known as Nishichikuma District until May 1, 1968....
region founded by Nehashi Umetarō (1868–1922) as the Chikaku Kōsha (Chikaku Religious Association).
Chūshinkai
- A movement focused on divinationDivinationDivination is the attempt to gain insight into a question or situation by way of an occultic standardized process or ritual...
and onomancyOnomancyOnomancy is divination based on a subject's given name, popular in the Late Middle Ages, usually following practices of Gematria....
, founded by Kumazaki Ken'ō (1881–1961).
Daihizenkyō
- Founded by Orimo Nami (1893–1966).
Ennōkyō
- Founded by Fukada Chiyoko (1887–1925).
Hachidai Ryūō Daishizen Aishinkyōdan
- Founded by Ishikawa Sen (1886–1961), who declared to be possessed (kamigakari) by a spirit.
Hachidai Ryūōjin Hakkō Seidan
- Founded by Demura Ryūsei (1926– ).
Hachirakukai Kyōdan
- Founded by Ogawa Kōichirō (1919–80).
Hi no Oshie
- Teaching of the Sun. Founded by Sakuma Nikkō (1884–1954) (Nikkō means "sun-light").
Hikari Kyōkai
- Derived from Ōmoto. Founded by painter Okamoto Tenmei (1897–1963).
Hizuki no Miya
- Founded by Fujimoto Toshinari (1930–1989). The founding of the religion is dated from January 11, 1956, when Fujimoto received a revelation from the kamiKamiis the Japanese word for the spirits, natural forces, or essence in the Shinto faith. Although the word is sometimes translated as "god" or "deity", some Shinto scholars argue that such a translation can cause a misunderstanding of the term...
Amaterasu ōmikamiAmaterasu Omikami, or is apart of the Japanese myth cycle and also a major deity of the Shinto religion. She is the goddess of the sun, but also of the universe. the name Amaterasu derived from Amateru meaning "shining in heaven." The meaning of her whole name, Amaterasu-ōmikami, is "the great August kami who...
.
Honbushin
- A group from Tenrikyō lineage. Founded by Ōnishi Tama (1916–1969), the group originated in 1961 within Honmichi as the Tenri Mirokukai (Tenri Miroku Association) and later seceded.
Honmichi
- Founded by Ōnishi Aijirō (1881–1958) a teacher in Tenrikyō.
Ijun
- Founded by Takayasu Ryūsen (1934–) as an Okinawan religion.
Ishinkyō
- Founded by Hashiguchi Reizui (1879–1963).
Izumo Shin’yū Kyōkai
- Founded in 1968 by Hosoya Seiko (1927–) after she had practiced austerities in Izumo, Nara and Eiheiji.
Izumokyō
- This is a religion reminiscent of sectarian Shinto (Kyōha Shintō). It was started by Kitajima Naganori (1834–93).
Jieidō
- Lineage of Sekai Kyūseikyō, founded by Katsunuma Hisako (1927–).
Jingūkyō
- With characteristics of sect Shinto (kyōha Shintō) and founded by Urata Nagatami and others.
Kakushin Shūkyō Nipponkyō
- Originated in 1940, when the "Father-deity Kotoshironushi no ōkami" descended upon Chitose Makami (1879–1986).
Kannagarakyō
- Founded by Mizuno Fusa (1883–1970).
Kikueikai Kyōdan
- Founded in 1928 by the sculptor of Buddhist images Hayashi Shikō (1901–88). Shikō claimed that a golden sphere with the form of a "nine-star divination pattern" came floating towards him, after which he began to engage in spiritual healing.
Kogi Shintō
- Founded by the Shinto priest Kuwabara Yachio (1910–) after World War II.
Koshintō Senpōkyō
- Founded by Masai Yoshimitsu (1907–1970), and known for its claim to be related to the tradition of "ancient Shinto" (KoshintōKoshintōis the name given to the original Shinto tradition of the Jomon people still practiced today in some Ainu families and communities, as well as in some Ryukyuan areas.Ko-Shinto has much in common with Shinto...
).
Kōso Kōtai Jingū Amatsukyō
- Founded by Takeuchi Kiyomaro (also Ōmaro) (1874–1965) based on an ancient text known as the "Takeuchi document’" (Takeuchi monjo).
Kuzuryū Taisha
- Founded by Ōnishi Masajirō (1913–88) after receiving a dream oracle from the deity Benzaiten (Sanskrit Sarasvati) during a dream in 1954.
Kyūseishukyō
- Resulting from the merging of four branches of Sekai Kyūseikyō, it began its activities in 1955 after the death of the founder of Sekai Kyūseikyō, Okada Mōkichi (1882–1955).
Makoto no Michi
- Founded by Ogiwara Makoto (1910–81) who experienced paranormal powers since before World War II.
Makoto no Michikyō
- Founded by Matsumoto Jōtarō (September 1881–1944).
Maruyamakyō
- Founded by Itō Rokurobei (1829–94).
Misogikyō Shinpa
- Founded by Sakata Yasuhiro (1962–).
Mitamakyō
- Founded by Nagata Fuku (1891–1975).
Miyaji Shinsendō
- Founded by Miyaji Suii (known as Kakiwa, 1852–1904) and with strong TaoistTaoismTaoism refers to a philosophical or religious tradition in which the basic concept is to establish harmony with the Tao , which is the mechanism of everything that exists...
influence.
Nihon Jingū Honchō
- Founded by Nakajima Shūkō (1902–88) who was deeply interested in the study of the traditional calendar (rekigaku) and the theory of five phases of matter (gogyō).
Nihon Seidō Kyōdan
- Founded by Iwasaki Shōō (1934–) who had a mystical experience while in a coma.
Nikkōkyō
- Founded by Teraguchi Kōjirō (1881–1960).
Ōkanmichi
- Founded by Yamada Baijirō (1875–1941), a Tenrikyō teacher.
Ōmiwakyō (Sako)
- Founded by Sako Kan (1878–1937).
Ōmiwakyō (Kojima)
- Founded by Kojima Moriyoshi in 1872.
Ōmoto
Omoto
Omoto may refer to:*Oomoto, a Japanese religion*Omoto, the Japanese name for the ornamenal plant Rohdea japonica...
- Founded by Deguchi Nao (1836–1918) and Deguchi Onisaburō (1871–1948) after a "spirit dream" at the lunar New Year in 1892.
Ōmoto Hikari no Michi
- Founded by Hōkan Meikyō (1923–) based on Ōmoto and Sekai Kyūseikyō.
Ōyamanezu no Mikoto Shinji Kyōkai
- Founded by Inai Sadao (1906–88).
Perfect Liberty Kyōdan (PL Kyōdan
PL Kyodan
, is a Japanese Shinshūkyō founded in 1924 by Tokuharu Miki , who was a priest in the Obaku Sect of Zen Buddhism. The stated aim of the Church of Perfect Liberty is to bring about world peace.-Teachings:...
)
- Known as Church of Perfect Liberty frequently abbreviated as merely "PL", founded by Miki Tokuharu (1871–1938), a Zen monk.
Reiha no Hikari Kyōkai
- Founded by Hase Yoshio (1915–84).
Renmonkyō
- Founded by Shimamura Mitsu (1831–1904) who was saved from serious illness by Yanagita Ichibei, who had studied the "marvelous law of things" (myōhō no ji).
Renshindō Kyōdan
- Founded by Tanaka Jigohei (1886–1973).
Samuhara Jinja
- Started in 1935 when Tanaka Tomisaburō (1868–1967) rebuilt a dilapidated shrine in Okayama.
Seichō no Ie
Seicho-No-Ie
Seicho-no-Ie, sometimes rendered Seicho-no Iye , is a syncretic, nondenominational, monotheistic, New Thought religion, one of the Shinshūkyō in Japan that have spread since the end of World War II...
- Connected to Ōmoto and founded by Taniguchi Masaharu (1893–1985).
Seikōkyō
- Founded by Fujita Nobuhiko (1889–1977).
Seimeikyō
- Derived from Sekai Kyūseikyō and created in 1955 by Kihara Yoshihiko.
Seishin Myōjōkai
- Founded by Fujita Motonari (1903–85).
Sekai Kyūseikyō
Church of World Messianity
The Church of World Messianity , abbreviated COWM, is a "new religion" founded in 1935 by Mokichi Okada. The religion's key concept is Johrei, claimed to be a method of channeling divine light into the body of another for the purposes of healing...
- Church of World Messianity from the Ōmoto lineage. It was founded by Okada Mokichi.
Sekai Mahikari
Mahikari
Mahikari is a Japanese new religious movement , with a number of variants or offshoots, founded in 1963 by Yoshikazu Okada...
Bunmei Kyōdan
- Derivation from Ōmoto and Sekai Kyūseikyō, founded by Okada Kōtama (1901–1974, born Yoshikazu).
Sekai Shindōkyō
- Founded by Aida Hide (1898–1973).
Shidaidō
- Founded by Nagahashi Yasuhiko (1895–1981) in 1931.
Shin Nihon Shūkyō Dantai Rengōkai
- Federation of New Religious Organizations of Japan, founded by and for new Japanese religious movements. Established in 1951 with a membership of twenty-four groups.
Shindō Tenkōkyo
- Founded by Tomokiyo Yoshizane (1888–1952).
Shinji Shūmeikai
Shinji Shumeikai
is a Japanese shinshūkyō, or new religious movement. As of 1998, the organization had more than 300,000 adherents.- Beliefs :...
- Founded by Koyama Mihoko (1910–).
Shinmei Aishinkai
- Founded by Komatsu Shin'yō (1928– ).
Shinreikai Kyōdan
- Founded by Ishii Reizan (born Iwayoshi, 1884–58) who had a revelation in 1932.
Shinreikyō
- Founded by Ōtsuka Kan'ichi (1891–72).
Shinri Jikkō no Oshie
- Founded by Honjō Chiyoko (1902–1957).
Shinsei Tengan Manaita no Kai
- Founded by Kurata Chikyū (1906–91).
Shintō Shinkyō
- Founded by Unigame Ito (1876–1976).
Shintō Shinshinkyō
- Founded by Adachi Taijūrō (1841–1895) who received a divine revelation after nine years of his own unique form of practice.
Shizensha
- Founded by Hashimoto Satomi (1899–1984).
Shōroku Shintō Yamatoyama
- Founded by Tazawa Seishirō (1884–1966) after dedicating a shrine to a "mountain kami" (yama no kami) in 1919, witnessing extraordinary astronomical phenomena, and hearing divine voices.
Shūkyō Hōjin Byakkō Shinkōkai
- Founded by Goi Masahisa (1916–1980) emphasizes two characteristic Ōmoto doctrines, the notion that all religions emanate from the same root (bankyō dōkon), and the principle of world peace.
Shūkyō Hōjin Shikō Gakuen
- Founded by Kawakami Seizan (1908–51).
Shūyōdan Hōseikai
- Founded by Idei Seitarō (1899–1983).
Soshindō
- Started focused on Matsushita Matsuzō (1873–1947), a spirit medium (reinōsha) active from the Taisho era (1912–26) to the World War II period.
Soshindō Kyōdan
- Founded by Yoshioka Tajūrō (1905–87).
Subikari Kōha Sekai Shindan
- Founded by the spiritualist mangaMangaManga is the Japanese word for "comics" and consists of comics and print cartoons . In the West, the term "manga" has been appropriated to refer specifically to comics created in Japan, or by Japanese authors, in the Japanese language and conforming to the style developed in Japan in the late 19th...
artist Kuroda Minoru (1928– ).
Sukui no Hikari Kyōdan
- A new religion deriving from Sekai Kyūseikyō, one several groups in opposition to that religion's policy of centralization (ichigenka) implemented in the mid-1960s.
Sūkyō Mahikari
- Derived from the lineages of Ōmoto and Sekai Kyūseikyō, founded by Kōtama Okada (Sukuinushisama) (1901–74) on August 28, 1959 and established as a registered religious organisation on 1978 by Mr Okada's daughter Sachiko Keishu Okada (Oshienushisama), (1929– ).
Sumerakyō
- Founded by Onikura Taruhiko after having experienced possession (kamigakari) by a deity around 1919.
Taireidō
- Founded by Tanaka Morihei (1884–1928) who was said to have acquired a kind of supranormal power (reishiryoku) after a four-month ascetic seclusion in the mountains.
Taiwa Kyōdan
- Emerged from Yamatokyō, founded by Hozumi Kenkō (1913–76) and his wife Hisako (1908–2003).
Tamamitsu Jinja
- Founded by the spirit medium Motoyama Kinue (1909–74).
Ten'onkyo
- Founded by Hachiro Fukuji (1899–1962) who experienced the ability to converse with a spirit, and thereafter received visitations from various deities.
Tenchikyō
- Founded by Uozumi Masanobu (1852–1928).
Tengenkyō
- Founded by Naniwa Hisakazu (1902–84).
Tenjōkyō
- Founded by Ishiguro Jō (1908– ).
Tenjōkyō Hon'in
- Founded by Kuramoto Ito (1895–1985).
Tenkōkyō
- Founded by Fujita Shinshō (?–1966) who received at age nineteen a revelation from a deity he called Tenchikane no kami ("heaven-earth gold deity").
Tensei Shinbikai
- Founded by Iwanaga Kayoko (1934–).
Tensenku Monkyō (Tendan)
- Known locally as Tinsinkun Munchu (Tinkha), emerged from ancient Shintō (Koshintō) in the southern Ryukyu islands.
Tensha Tsuchimikado Shintō Honchō
- Inspired in Tsuchimikado Shintō (Tensha Shintō).
Tenshin Seikyō
- Founded by Shimada Seiichi (1896–1985).
Tenshindō Kyōdan
- Founded by Tamura Reishō (1890–1968) who received the revelation of KamiKamiis the Japanese word for the spirits, natural forces, or essence in the Shinto faith. Although the word is sometimes translated as "god" or "deity", some Shinto scholars argue that such a translation can cause a misunderstanding of the term...
on April 3, 1927. http://www.rirc.or.jp/kyoudandb/modules/xwords/entry.php?entryID=334&categoryID=5 While working in the office of the Governor-General of Korea, Reishō studied the Daoistic magical arts transmitted in Korea since ancient times.
Tenshinkyō Shin'yūden Kyōkai
- Founded by Kamiide Fusae (1922–1980) who had a sudden experience of spirit possession (kamigakari) in 1958.
Tenshō Kōtai Jingūkyō
- Founded by Kitamura Sayo (1900–1967).
Tenshōkyō
- Founded by Senba Hideo (1925–) and his wife Senba Kimiko.
Tenshūkyō
- Founded by Unagami Haruho (1896–1965).
Tokumitsukyō
- Founded by Kanada Tokumitsu (1863–1919).
Worldmate (formerly Cosmomate)
- Founded by Fukami Seizan (aka Fukami Tōshū, born Handa Haruhisa) (1951–).
Yamakage Shintō
- Emerged from "ancient Shinto" (KoshintōKoshintōis the name given to the original Shinto tradition of the Jomon people still practiced today in some Ainu families and communities, as well as in some Ryukyuan areas.Ko-Shinto has much in common with Shinto...
) tradition, founded by the Yamakage family.
Yamatokyō
- Founded by Hozumi Kenkō (1913–76), a practitioner of Shugendō at Dewa Sanzan.
Zenrinkyō
Zenrinkyo
is a Shinto based Shinshūkyō founded in 1947. It was founded by Rikihisa Tatsusai as Tenchi Kōdō Zenrinkai, and is headquartered in Fukuoka Prefecture. Zenrinkyō was registered as a legal religious corporation under the Shūkyō Hōjinrei ordinance in 1948. In 2005 the group had a claimed nominal...
- Founded by Rikihisa Tatsusai (1906–77).