Shimabara Domain
Encyclopedia
Han (Japan)
The or domain was the name of the estate belonging to a warrior in Japan after the 17th century. The fiefs of the daimyos of the samurai class of Japan during the Edo period were called han.-Edo period:...
of Edo period
Edo period
The , or , is a division of Japanese history which was ruled by the shoguns of the Tokugawa family, running from 1603 to 1868. The political entity of this period was the Tokugawa shogunate....
Japan
Japan
Japan is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south...
, located in Hizen Province
Hizen Province
was an old province of Japan in the area of Saga and Nagasaki prefectures. It was sometimes called , with Higo Province. Hizen bordered on the provinces of Chikuzen and Chikugo. The province was included in Saikaidō...
, Kyūshū
Kyushu
is the third largest island of Japan and most southwesterly of its four main islands. Its alternate ancient names include , , and . The historical regional name is referred to Kyushu and its surrounding islands....
, occupying most of Shimabara Peninsula
Shimabara Peninsula
Shimabara Peninsula is east of Nagasaki City, Nagasaki Prefecture, Kyūshū, Japan. On its north-eastern tip stands Shimabara City. It was also the site of the Shimabara Rebellion, a 1637-1638 peasant revolt led by Christians. This further reinforced distrust of Christians and foreigners by Shogun...
.
History
The Arima clanArima clan
The was a Japanese feudal daimyo family dating to the Sengoku period. Its name "Arima," transliterates as "has horses," reflecting the samurai/cavalry origins of the family. Famous members include Arima Harunobu and Arima Naozumi....
, who were Kirishitan
Kirishitan
, from Portuguese cristão, referred to Roman Catholic Christians in Japanese and is used as a historiographic term for Roman Catholics in Japan in the 16th and 17th centuries. Christian missionaries were known as bateren or iruman...
daimyō, ruled over Shimabara Domain in the late Muromachi period
Muromachi period
The is a division of Japanese history running from approximately 1336 to 1573. The period marks the governance of the Muromachi or Ashikaga shogunate, which was officially established in 1338 by the first Muromachi shogun, Ashikaga Takauji, two years after the brief Kemmu restoration of imperial...
from Hinoe Castle and Hara Castle
Hara Castle
is a castle in Hizen Province. During the Shimabara Rebellion , the rebellious peasants were besieged there.As a result of the Shimabara Rebellion in 1637, the Shogunate decided to expel the Portuguese from Japan...
. After the start of the national isolation
Sakoku
was the foreign relations policy of Japan under which no foreigner could enter nor could any Japanese leave the country on penalty of death. The policy was enacted by the Tokugawa shogunate under Tokugawa Iemitsu through a number of edicts and policies from 1633–39 and remained in effect until...
policy, the Tokugawa Bakufu banned Christianity from 1614 and replaced Arima Naozumi
Arima Naozumi
was the first son of the Kirishitan daimyo Arima Harunobu. He was baptized as a child with the name Miguel . He was born in Hinoe Castle in Shimabara but was sent by his father to work beside Tokugawa Ieyasu at the age of 15...
with Matsukura Shigemasa
Matsukura Shigemasa
was a Japanese feudal lord of the late Sengoku and early Edo periods. He held the title of Bingo no Kami and the Imperial court rank of junior 5th, lower grade . Though he began as a retainer of Tsutsui Sadatsugu of Yamato Province, he became a lord in his own right, acquiring the 60,000 koku...
. Matsukura, who strictly enforced the prohibition against Christianity with mass executions, also severely raised taxes to pay for the construction of his new Shimabara Castle
Shimabara Castle
, also known as and , is a Japanese castle located in Shimabara, Hizen Province , also known as and , is a Japanese castle located in Shimabara, Hizen Province , also known as and , is a Japanese castle located in Shimabara, Hizen Province (present day Nagasaki prefecture. This five-story white...
from 1618-1624. This oppression of the peasants was a major factor leading to the Shimabara Rebellion
Shimabara Rebellion
The was an uprising largely involving Japanese peasants, most of them Catholic Christians, in 1637–1638 during the Edo period.It was one of only a handful of instances of serious unrest during the relatively peaceful period of the Tokugawa shogunate's rule...
.;
After the rebellion was suppressed, the domain was given to the Kōriki clan
Koriki clan
The ' was a fudai samurai clan which briefly came to prominence during the Sengoku and early Edo period Japan. Kōriki Kiyonaga was a hereditary retainer of the Tokugawa clan, who served Tokugawa Ieyasu as bugyō of Sunpu and was made daimyō of Iwatsuki Domain in Musashi Province in 1590 after the...
. It then passed
to the Fukōzu-Matsudaira family, who ruled it from 1668 until 1871 (with a brief hiatus from 1747-1774).
In the Bakumatsu period, Matsudaira Tadachika
Matsudaira Tadachika
' was a Japanese fudai daimyo of the Edo period. He was highly influential in the Tokugawa shogunate under Shogun Ieshige.Tadachika served as Kyoto shoshidai from 1717 through 1724. He was promoted to rōjū in 1724 when he moved from Kyoto to Edo....
became an influential official in the Tokugawa administration. However, the final daimyo of Shimabara, Matsudaira Tadakazu
Matsudaira Tadakazu
Viscount was the 8th and final daimyō of Shimabara Domain in Hizen Province, Kyūshū, Japan .-Biography:Tadakazu was the 16th son of the Mito Domain Tokugawa Nariaki, and was thus the younger brother of Shōgun Tokugawa Yoshinobu...
pledged Shimabara domain in support of Emperor Meiji
Emperor Meiji
The or was the 122nd emperor of Japan according to the traditional order of succession, reigning from 3 February 1867 until his death...
in the Boshin War
Boshin War
The was a civil war in Japan, fought from 1868 to 1869 between forces of the ruling Tokugawa shogunate and those seeking to return political power to the imperial court....
, proved his loyalty by committing his troops to the northern campaign against the Ōuetsu Reppan Dōmei
Ouetsu Reppan Domei
-External links:**...
, fighting at Akita
Akita, Akita
is the capital city of Akita Prefecture in the Tohoku region of Japan.As of June 11, 2005, with the merger of the former Kawabe District , the city has an estimated population of 323,310 and density of...
and Morioka
Morioka, Iwate
is the capital city of Iwate Prefecture, Japan.As of 2005, the city has an estimated population of 300,740 and a population density of 588.11 persons per km². The total area is 489.15 km²....
.
List of daimyoDaimyois a generic term referring to the powerful territorial lords in pre-modern Japan who ruled most of the country from their vast, hereditary land holdings...
- Arima clanArima clanThe was a Japanese feudal daimyo family dating to the Sengoku period. Its name "Arima," transliterates as "has horses," reflecting the samurai/cavalry origins of the family. Famous members include Arima Harunobu and Arima Naozumi....
, 1600-1614 (TozamaTozamaA ' was a daimyo who was considered an outsider by the rulers of Japan. The term came into use in the Kamakura period and continued until the end of the Edo period.-Edo period:...
)Name Tenure Courtesy title Court Rank Revenue 1 1600-1612 Shūri-daiyū (修理大夫) Lower 5th (従五位下) 40,000 koku 2 1612-1614 Saiemonfu (左衛門佐) Lower 5th (従五位下) 40,000 koku
- TenryōTokugawa shogunateThe Tokugawa shogunate, also known as the and the , was a feudal regime of Japan established by Tokugawa Ieyasu and ruled by the shoguns of the Tokugawa family. This period is known as the Edo period and gets its name from the capital city, Edo, which is now called Tokyo, after the name was...
- Matsukura clan, 1616-1638 (TozamaTozamaA ' was a daimyo who was considered an outsider by the rulers of Japan. The term came into use in the Kamakura period and continued until the end of the Edo period.-Edo period:...
)Name Tenure Courtesy title Court Rank Revenue 1 1616-1630 Bungo-no-kami Lower 5th (従五位下) 40,000 koku 2 1630-1638 Nagato-no-kami Lower 5th (従五位下) 40,000 koku
- Kōriki clanKoriki clanThe ' was a fudai samurai clan which briefly came to prominence during the Sengoku and early Edo period Japan. Kōriki Kiyonaga was a hereditary retainer of the Tokugawa clan, who served Tokugawa Ieyasu as bugyō of Sunpu and was made daimyō of Iwatsuki Domain in Musashi Province in 1590 after the...
, 1638-1668 (FudaiFudaiwas a class of daimyo who were hereditary vassals of the Tokugawa in Edo period Japan. It was primarily the fudai who filled the ranks of the Tokugawa administration.-Origins:...
)Name Tenure Courtesy title Court Rank Revenue 1 1638-1655 Sakontaiyu (左近大夫) Lower 5th (従五位下) 40,000 koku 2 1655-1668 Sakontaiyu (左近大夫) Lower 5th (従五位下) 40,000 koku
- Matsudaira (Fukōzu) clanMatsudaira clanThe was a Japanese samurai clan that claimed descent from the Minamoto clan. It first originated in and took its name from Matsudaira village, in Mikawa Province . Over the course of its history, the clan produced many branches, most of which also centered around Mikawa Province...
, 1668-1747 (FudaiFudaiwas a class of daimyo who were hereditary vassals of the Tokugawa in Edo period Japan. It was primarily the fudai who filled the ranks of the Tokugawa administration.-Origins:...
)Name Tenure Courtesy title Court Rank Revenue 1 1669-1698 Tonomori-no-tsukasa (主殿頭) Lower 4th (従四位下) 65,000 koku 2 1698-1735 Tonomori-no-tsukasa (主殿頭) Lower 4th (従四位下) 65,000 koku 3 1735-1738 Tonomori-no-tsukasa (主殿頭) Lower 5th (従五位下) 65,000 koku 4 1738-1749 Tonomori-no-tsukasa (主殿頭) Lower 4th (従四位下) 65,000 koku 5 1749 Tonomori-no-tsukasa (主殿頭) Lower 4th (従四位下) 65,000 koku
- Toda clan, 1747-1774 (FudaiFudaiwas a class of daimyo who were hereditary vassals of the Tokugawa in Edo period Japan. It was primarily the fudai who filled the ranks of the Tokugawa administration.-Origins:...
)Name Tenure Courtesy title Court Rank Revenue 1 1749-1754 Hyuga-no-kami Lower 5th (従五位下) 77,000 koku 2 1754-1774 Iki-no-kami Lower 5th (従五位下) 77,000 koku
- Matsudaira (Fukōzu) clanMatsudaira clanThe was a Japanese samurai clan that claimed descent from the Minamoto clan. It first originated in and took its name from Matsudaira village, in Mikawa Province . Over the course of its history, the clan produced many branches, most of which also centered around Mikawa Province...
, 1774-1871 (FudaiFudaiwas a class of daimyo who were hereditary vassals of the Tokugawa in Edo period Japan. It was primarily the fudai who filled the ranks of the Tokugawa administration.-Origins:...
)Name Tenure Courtesy title Court Rank Revenue 1 1774-1792 Yamato-no-kami Lower 5th (従五位下) 65,000 koku 2 1792-1819 Tonomori-no-tsukasa (主殿頭) Lower 5th (従五位下) 65,000 koku 3 1819-1840 Tonomori-no-tsukasa (主殿頭) Lower 5th (従五位下) 65,000 koku 4 1840-1847 Tonomori-no-tsukasa (主殿頭) Lower 5th (従五位下) 65,000 koku 5 1847-1859 Tonomori-no-tsukasa (主殿頭) Lower 5th (従五位下) 65,000 koku 5 1859-1860 Tonomori-no-tsukasa (主殿頭) Lower 5th (従五位下) 65,000 koku 5 1860-1862 Tonomori-no-tsukasa (主殿頭) Lower 5th (従五位下) 65,000 koku 5 1862-1871 Tonomori-no-tsukasa (主殿頭) Lower 5th (従五位下) 65,000 koku