Shikken
Encyclopedia
The was the regent for the shogun
Shogun
A was one of the hereditary military dictators of Japan from 1192 to 1867. In this period, the shoguns, or their shikken regents , were the de facto rulers of Japan though they were nominally appointed by the emperor...

 in the Kamakura shogunate
Kamakura shogunate
The Kamakura shogunate was a military dictatorship in Japan headed by the shoguns from 1185 to 1333. It was based in Kamakura. The Kamakura period draws its name from the capital of the shogunate...

 in Japan
Japan
Japan is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south...

. The post was monopolized by the Hōjō clan
Hojo clan
See the late Hōjō clan for the Hōjō clan of the Sengoku Period.The in the history of Japan was a family who controlled the hereditary title of shikken of the Kamakura Shogunate. In practice, the family had actual governmental power, many times dictatorial, rather than Kamakura shoguns, or the...

, and this system only existed once in Japanese history, between 1203 and 1333. Note this is totally different than an Imperial Regent or Kampaku (also Sessho).

Hōjō Tokimasa
Hojo Tokimasa
was the first Hōjō shikken of the Kamakura bakufu and head of the Hōjō clan. He was shikken from the death of Minamoto no Yoritomo in 1199 until his abdication in 1205.- Background: The Hōjō Clan :...

, who was the father-in-law of the first shogun Minamoto no Yoritomo
Minamoto no Yoritomo
was the founder and the first shogun of the Kamakura Shogunate of Japan. He ruled from 1192 until 1199.-Early life and exile :Yoritomo was the third son of Minamoto no Yoshitomo, heir of the Minamoto clan, and his official wife, a daughter of Fujiwara no Suenori, who was a member of the...

, became shikken for the first time in 1203. The shikken was the chief of the mandokoro
Mandokoro
was the chief governing body of an important family or monastic complex in ancient Japan. This name was borrowed for the administrative department of the Shogunate in feudal times....

at that time. Replacing the second shogun Minamoto no Yoriie
Minamoto no Yoriie
was the second shogun of Japan's Kamakura shogunate, and the first son of first shogun Yoritomo.- Life :Born from Tokimasa's daughter Hōjō Masako at Hiki Yoshikazu's residence in Kamakura, Yoriie had as wet nurses the wives of powerful men like Hiki himself and Kajiwara Kagetoki, and Hiki's...

 with Sanetomo
Minamoto no Sanetomo
Minamoto no Sanetomo was the third shogun of the Kamakura shogunate Sanetomo was the second son of the founder of the Kamakura shogunate Minamoto no Yoritomo, his mother was Hōjō Masako, and his older brother was the second Kamakura shogun Minamoto no Yoriie.His childhood name was...

, he became the de facto ruler of the shogunate (Japan).

Tokimasa's son Yoshitoki
Hojo Yoshitoki
was the second Hōjō shikken of the Kamakura shogunate and head of the Hōjō clan. He was the eldest son of Hōjō Tokimasa and his wife Hōjō no Maki...

 strengthened the post by integrating it with the chief of Samurai-dokoro
Samurai-dokoro
The Samurai-dokoro was an office of the Kamakura and Muromachi shogunates....

 after annihilating the powerful Wada clan, who had dominated the position. The shikken became the highest post, controlling puppet shoguns in practice. In 1224 Yoshitoki's son Hōjō Yasutoki
Hojo Yasutoki
Hōjō Yasutoki was the third shikken of the Kamakura shogunate in Japan. He strengthened the political system of the Hōjō regency.He was the eldest son of second shikken Yoshitoki...

 set up the position of rensho
Rensho
The , literally “co-signatory”, was the assistant to the shikken of the Kamakura shogunate in Japan.The rensho placed his signature next to that of the shikken on official orders. In 1224 the third shikken Hōjō Yasutoki appointed Hōjō Tokifusa as the first rensho...

(cosigner) as assistant regent.

At first the post of shikken was occupied by the tokusō
Tokuso
Tokusō was the title held by the head of the mainline Hōjō clan, who monopolized the position of shikken of the Kamakura shogunate in Japan....

, the head of the Hōjō clan, but Hōjō Tokiyori
Hojo Tokiyori
Hōjō Tokiyori was the fifth shikken of the Kamakura shogunate in Japan. He was born to Hōjō Tokiuji and a daughter of Adachi Kagemori....

 separated the two posts. He installed Hōjō Nagatoki
Hojo Nagatoki
Hōjō Nagatoki 北条 長時 was the sixth Shikken of the Kamakura Bakufu and the 4th Chief of the Rokuhara Tandai North Branch Kitakata....

 as shikken while he made his son Tokimune
Hojo Tokimune
of the Hōjō clan was the eighth shikken of the Kamakura shogunate , known for leading the Japanese forces against the invasion of the Mongols and for spreading Zen Buddhism and by extension Bushido among the warrior class.- Life :Born as the eldest son of the regent and Tokuso Tokiyori of the...

 succeed as tokusō. Effective power was moved from shikken to tokusō.

List of shikken

  1. Hōjō Tokimasa
    Hojo Tokimasa
    was the first Hōjō shikken of the Kamakura bakufu and head of the Hōjō clan. He was shikken from the death of Minamoto no Yoritomo in 1199 until his abdication in 1205.- Background: The Hōjō Clan :...

     (r. 1199 - 1205)
  2. Hōjō Yoshitoki
    Hojo Yoshitoki
    was the second Hōjō shikken of the Kamakura shogunate and head of the Hōjō clan. He was the eldest son of Hōjō Tokimasa and his wife Hōjō no Maki...

     (r. 1205 - 1224)
  3. Hōjō Yasutoki
    Hojo Yasutoki
    Hōjō Yasutoki was the third shikken of the Kamakura shogunate in Japan. He strengthened the political system of the Hōjō regency.He was the eldest son of second shikken Yoshitoki...

     (r. 1224 - 1242)
  4. Hōjō Tsunetoki
    Hojo Tsunetoki
    Hōjō Tsunetoki was the fourth Shikken of the Kamakura shogunate. He was son of Hōjō Tokiuji and of a former wife of Adachi Kagemori, elder brother of Hōjō Tokiyori and grandson of Hōjō Yasutoki. He ruled from 1242 to 1246 and founded Kōmyō-ji in Zaimokuza. He is buried within the temple.-...

     (r. 1242 - 1246)
  5. Hōjō Tokiyori
    Hojo Tokiyori
    Hōjō Tokiyori was the fifth shikken of the Kamakura shogunate in Japan. He was born to Hōjō Tokiuji and a daughter of Adachi Kagemori....

     (r. 1246 - 1256)
  6. Hōjō Nagatoki
    Hojo Nagatoki
    Hōjō Nagatoki 北条 長時 was the sixth Shikken of the Kamakura Bakufu and the 4th Chief of the Rokuhara Tandai North Branch Kitakata....

     (r. 1256 - 1264)
  7. Hōjō Masamura
    Hojo Masamura
    was the seventh Shikken of the Kamakura Bakufu. Son of Yoshitoki, II Shikken....

     (r. 1264 - 1268)
  8. Hōjō Tokimune
    Hojo Tokimune
    of the Hōjō clan was the eighth shikken of the Kamakura shogunate , known for leading the Japanese forces against the invasion of the Mongols and for spreading Zen Buddhism and by extension Bushido among the warrior class.- Life :Born as the eldest son of the regent and Tokuso Tokiyori of the...

     (r. 1268 - 1284)
  9. Hōjō Sadatoki
    Hojo Sadatoki
    was the ninth shikken of the Kamakura shogunate , and Tokuso from his appointment as regent until his death....

     (r. 1284 - 1301)
  10. Hōjō Morotoki
    Hojo Morotoki
    was the tenth Shikken of the Kamakura Bakufu.- References :...

     (r. 1301 - 1311)
  11. Hōjō Munenobu
    Hojo Munenobu
    , also family name Osaragi was the eleventh Shikken of the Kamakura Bakufu....

     (r. 1311 - 1312)
  12. Hōjō Hirotoki
    Hojo Hirotoki
    was the twelfth Shikken of the Kamakura Bakufu....

     (r. 1312 - 1315)
  13. Hōjō Mototoki
    Hojo Mototoki
    was the thirteenth Shikken of the Kamakura Bakufu....

     (r. 1315 - 1316)
  14. Hōjō Takatoki
    Hojo Takatoki
    Hōjō Takatoki was the last Tokuso and ruling Shikken of Japan's Kamakura shogunate; the latter ones were his puppets, a member of the Hōjō clan, he was the son of Hōjō Sadatoki, and was preceded as shikken by Hōjō Morotoki.Takatoki became regent at the age of eight, and thus actual power was...

     (r. 1316 - 1326)
  15. Hōjō Sadaaki (r. 1326)
  16. Hōjō Moritoki (r. 1326 - 1333)
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