Saxon XX HV
Encyclopedia
The Saxon Class XX 
were German eight-coupled express train
, tender locomotives built for the Royal Saxon State Railways
(Königlich Sächsische Staatseisenbahnen) just after the First World War. The locomotives, which became known as the 'Pride of Saxony' (Sachsenstolz) were the first and only German express locomotives with a 2-8-2 wheel arrangement
and, at the time of their appearance, were the largest express engines in the whole of Europe. In 1925, the Deutsche Reichsbahn
grouped these locomotive into their DRG Class 19.0.
to Hof
trunk route through the Mittelgebirge.
Its design was related to the simultaneously developed 4-6-2 express locomotive Saxon XVIII H, but unlike the latter it had a fourth coupled axle and a four-cylinder compound engine
. Between 1918 and 1925 a total of 23 examples were manufactured by the Sächsische Maschinenfabrik
in Chemnitz
.
The locomotives were given new running numbers 19 001–023 by the Deutsche Reichsbahn-Gesellschaft
in 1925. The engines built in 1922 were stationed initially in Stuttgart
-Rosenstein, those built in 1923 at Frankfurt am Main. From 1925 all 23 locomotives were homed in the Saxon locomotive depots (Bahnbetriebswerken or Bw) of Dresden
-Altstadt and Reichenbach/Vogtl.
.
The engines fully met the requirements of a Mittelgebirge mountain locomotive, however its main disadvantage was its high coal consumption on the level. As a result the XX HV only worked the Dresden–Berlin line by exception.
Locomotive 19 021 was destroyed in the Second World War by a bomb, the remainder went into the Deutsche Reichsbahn in East Germany in 1945, but several were not used due to war damage. Until their retirement in the 1960s the locomotives continued to head express trains on the Dresden–Hof and Leipzig–Hof routes.
On the electrification of their main routes the locomotives were retired by 1967. Number 19 017 remains preserved as a non-operational museum locomotive at the Dresden Transport Museum
.
was the largest of a German steam engine at the time the XX HV was brought into service and had exceptionally long heating tubes of 5.8 m in length. The grate was of almost square shape and had to be arranged above the frame due to its size. The boiler was used in the Saxon XVIII H as well, with only minor adjustments to decrease its weight which resulted in a heating area that was smaller by 10 m². The boiler was supplied with water through two feedwater pumps that were later replaced by one injector
and a Knorr feed pump with preheater.
The steam engine was configured as a four-cylinder compound. The high pressure cylinders sloped steeply between the frame
sides, the low pressure cylinders were located in the usual, horizontal position outside the frame. Both pairs of cylinders drove the second coupled axle. To control the supply to the low pressure cylinders there was a normal Walschaerts valve gear which also controlled the inside cylinders via pendulum levers. A special feature was the Lindner starting cock, already well-known on two-cylinder compounds, which could supply additional live steam to the low pressure cylinders when working at over 60%.
Westinghouse
compressed-air brakes were installed for locomotive braking. This worked on one side only of all carrying and coupled wheels. Locomotives 19 012, 015, 017 and 022 were later fitted with Riggenbach counter-pressure brakes.
The vehicles were coupled to Saxon sä 2'2' T 31 tenders.
trials depot. They served as braking locomotives during performance trials.
The two engines were given new 39 E boilers of the type designed for the 03.10
, 39 and 41
. The engine was originally heaving influenced by the dimensions of the turntables available in 1918 and was therefore not optimised for normal running. In addition to changes to the frame, it was modified with new 1000 mm diameter carrying wheels. This increased the overall wheelbase from 11,960 mm to 12,100 mm. New driver's cabs, Witte smoke deflectors, circular smokebox
doors, a common cover for the steam dome
and sand box as well as the arrangement of all pumps on a special mounting gave the engines a very different appearance. Number 19 015 was coupled to a 2'3 T 38 tender from H 45 024. In 1967 both locomotives were converted to oil firing.
In 1970 the two engines were renumbered to 04 0015 and 04 0022. In 1975/76 they were retired and scrapped.
were German eight-coupled express trainExpress train
Express trains are a form of rail service. Express trains make only a small number of stops, instead of stopping at every single station...
, tender locomotives built for the Royal Saxon State Railways
Royal Saxon State Railways
The Royal Saxon State Railways were the state-owned railways operating in the Kingdom of Saxony from 1869 to 1918...
(Königlich Sächsische Staatseisenbahnen) just after the First World War. The locomotives, which became known as the 'Pride of Saxony' (Sachsenstolz) were the first and only German express locomotives with a 2-8-2 wheel arrangement
Wheel arrangement
In rail transport, a wheel arrangement is a system of classifying the way in which wheels are distributed beneath a locomotive.. Several notations exist to describe the wheel assemblies of a locomotive by type, position, and connections, with the adopted notations varying by country...
and, at the time of their appearance, were the largest express engines in the whole of Europe. In 1925, the Deutsche Reichsbahn
Deutsche Reichsbahn
Deutsche Reichsbahn was the name of the following two companies:* Deutsche Reichsbahn, the German Imperial Railways during the Weimar Republic, the Third Reich and the immediate aftermath...
grouped these locomotive into their DRG Class 19.0.
History
The XX HVs were the last Saxon express train locomotives and were the pinnacle of Saxon locomotive engineering. They were conceived primarily for heavy express train duties on the winding and hilly DresdenDresden
Dresden is the capital city of the Free State of Saxony in Germany. It is situated in a valley on the River Elbe, near the Czech border. The Dresden conurbation is part of the Saxon Triangle metropolitan area....
to Hof
Hof, Germany
Hof is a city located on the banks of the Saale in the northeastern corner of the German state of Bavaria, in the Franconia region, at the Czech border and the forested Fichtelgebirge and Frankenwald upland regions....
trunk route through the Mittelgebirge.
Its design was related to the simultaneously developed 4-6-2 express locomotive Saxon XVIII H, but unlike the latter it had a fourth coupled axle and a four-cylinder compound engine
Compound locomotive
A compound engine unit is a type of steam engine where steam is expanded in two or more stages.A typical arrangement for a compound engine is that the steam is first expanded in a high-pressure cylinder, then having given up heat and losing pressure, it exhausts directly into one or more larger...
. Between 1918 and 1925 a total of 23 examples were manufactured by the Sächsische Maschinenfabrik
Sächsische Maschinenfabrik
The Sächsische Maschinenfabrik in Chemnitz was one of the most important engineering companies in Saxony in the second half of the 19th century and the first two decades of the 20th century. Including its various predecessor businesses, the firm existed from 1837 until its liquidation in 1930, and...
in Chemnitz
Chemnitz
Chemnitz is the third-largest city of the Free State of Saxony, Germany. Chemnitz is an independent city which is not part of any county and seat of the government region Direktionsbezirk Chemnitz. Located in the northern foothills of the Ore Mountains, it is a part of the Saxon triangle...
.
The locomotives were given new running numbers 19 001–023 by the Deutsche Reichsbahn-Gesellschaft
Deutsche Reichsbahn-Gesellschaft
The Deutsche Reichsbahn – was the name of the German national railway created from the railways of the individual states of the German Empire following the end of World War I....
in 1925. The engines built in 1922 were stationed initially in Stuttgart
Stuttgart
Stuttgart is the capital of the state of Baden-Württemberg in southern Germany. The sixth-largest city in Germany, Stuttgart has a population of 600,038 while the metropolitan area has a population of 5.3 million ....
-Rosenstein, those built in 1923 at Frankfurt am Main. From 1925 all 23 locomotives were homed in the Saxon locomotive depots (Bahnbetriebswerken or Bw) of Dresden
Dresden
Dresden is the capital city of the Free State of Saxony in Germany. It is situated in a valley on the River Elbe, near the Czech border. The Dresden conurbation is part of the Saxon Triangle metropolitan area....
-Altstadt and Reichenbach/Vogtl.
Reichenbach (Vogtland)
Reichenbach im Vogtland is a city in the Vogtlandkreis district of Saxony, Germany. With a population of 20.146, it is the second largest town after Plauen. It lies by the A27 in between Plauen and Zwickau Reichenbach im Vogtland is a city in the Vogtlandkreis district of Saxony, Germany. With a...
.
The engines fully met the requirements of a Mittelgebirge mountain locomotive, however its main disadvantage was its high coal consumption on the level. As a result the XX HV only worked the Dresden–Berlin line by exception.
Locomotive 19 021 was destroyed in the Second World War by a bomb, the remainder went into the Deutsche Reichsbahn in East Germany in 1945, but several were not used due to war damage. Until their retirement in the 1960s the locomotives continued to head express trains on the Dresden–Hof and Leipzig–Hof routes.
On the electrification of their main routes the locomotives were retired by 1967. Number 19 017 remains preserved as a non-operational museum locomotive at the Dresden Transport Museum
Dresden Transport Museum
The Dresden Transport Museum displaysvehicles of all modes of transport, such as railway, shipping, road and air traffic, under one roof.The museum is housed in the Johanneum at the Neumarkt in Dresden, Germany...
.
Design features
The boilerBoiler
A boiler is a closed vessel in which water or other fluid is heated. The heated or vaporized fluid exits the boiler for use in various processes or heating applications.-Materials:...
was the largest of a German steam engine at the time the XX HV was brought into service and had exceptionally long heating tubes of 5.8 m in length. The grate was of almost square shape and had to be arranged above the frame due to its size. The boiler was used in the Saxon XVIII H as well, with only minor adjustments to decrease its weight which resulted in a heating area that was smaller by 10 m². The boiler was supplied with water through two feedwater pumps that were later replaced by one injector
Injector
ʎ̩An injector, ejector, steam ejector, steam injector, eductor-jet pump or thermocompressor is a pump-like device that uses the Venturi effect of a converging-diverging nozzle to convert the pressure energy of a motive fluid to velocity energy which creates a low pressure zone that dɯaws in and...
and a Knorr feed pump with preheater.
The steam engine was configured as a four-cylinder compound. The high pressure cylinders sloped steeply between the frame
Locomotive frame
A locomotive frame is the structure that forms the backbone of the railway locomotive, giving it strength and supporting the superstructure elements such as a cab, boiler or bodywork. The vast majority of locomotives have had a frame structure of some kind...
sides, the low pressure cylinders were located in the usual, horizontal position outside the frame. Both pairs of cylinders drove the second coupled axle. To control the supply to the low pressure cylinders there was a normal Walschaerts valve gear which also controlled the inside cylinders via pendulum levers. A special feature was the Lindner starting cock, already well-known on two-cylinder compounds, which could supply additional live steam to the low pressure cylinders when working at over 60%.
Westinghouse
Westinghouse Air Brake Company
The railway air brake was invented by George Westinghouse of New York state in 1869. Soon after, he moved to Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, where he established the Westinghouse Air Brake Company on September 28, 1869...
compressed-air brakes were installed for locomotive braking. This worked on one side only of all carrying and coupled wheels. Locomotives 19 012, 015, 017 and 022 were later fitted with Riggenbach counter-pressure brakes.
The vehicles were coupled to Saxon sä 2'2' T 31 tenders.
Reconstruction
During 1963–1965 the locomotives fitted with a Riggenbach counter-pressure brake, nos. 19 015 and 19 022, were converted into trials locomotives by the VES-M HalleVES-M Halle
The Versuchs- und Entwicklungsstelle Maschinenwirtschaft in Halle, Germany, was a railway research and development department working for the engineering head office of the Deutsche Reichsbahn in East Germany after the Second World War...
trials depot. They served as braking locomotives during performance trials.
The two engines were given new 39 E boilers of the type designed for the 03.10
DRG Class 03.10
The German Class 03.10 engines were standard steam locomotives belonging to the Deutsche Reichsbahn and designed for hauling express trains.- History :...
, 39 and 41
DRG Class 41
The German Class 41 steam locomotives were standard goods train engines operated by the Deutsche Reichsbahn and built from 1937 - 1941.- History :...
. The engine was originally heaving influenced by the dimensions of the turntables available in 1918 and was therefore not optimised for normal running. In addition to changes to the frame, it was modified with new 1000 mm diameter carrying wheels. This increased the overall wheelbase from 11,960 mm to 12,100 mm. New driver's cabs, Witte smoke deflectors, circular smokebox
Smokebox
A smokebox is one of the major basic parts of a Steam locomotive exhaust system. Smoke and hot gases pass from the firebox through tubes where they pass heat to the surrounding water in the boiler. The smoke then enters the smokebox, and is exhausted to the atmosphere through the chimney .To assist...
doors, a common cover for the steam dome
Steam dome
A Steam dome is a vessel fitted to the top of the boiler of a steam locomotive. It contains the opening to the main steam pipe and its purpose is to allow this opening to be kept well above the water level in the boiler...
and sand box as well as the arrangement of all pumps on a special mounting gave the engines a very different appearance. Number 19 015 was coupled to a 2'3 T 38 tender from H 45 024. In 1967 both locomotives were converted to oil firing.
In 1970 the two engines were renumbered to 04 0015 and 04 0022. In 1975/76 they were retired and scrapped.
Literature
- Fritz Näbrich, Günter Meyer, Reiner Preuß: Lokomotivarchiv Sachsen 2, transpress VEB Verlag für Verkehrswesen, Berlin, 1983
- Erich Preuß, Rainer Preuß: Sächsische Staatseisenbahnen, transpress Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, Berlin, 1991, ISBN 3-344-70700-0
- Jürgen U. Ebel: Sächsische Schnellzuglokomotiven Band 2: Sachsenstolz Die Gattung XX H V Die Reichsbahnbaureihe 19.0. EK-Verlag, Freiburg 2000, ISBN 3-88255-120-8
- Günther Reiche: Richard Hartmann und seine Lokomotiven. Oberbaumverlag, Berlin/Chemnitz 1998, ISBN 3-928254-56-1
- Hans Wiegard: Reko- und Neubaudampfloks der DR. GeraMond Verlag, München 2001, ISBN 3-7654-7103-8
External links
- Geschichte, Bilder und technische Daten
- There is a relevant English-language forum at Railways of Germany