Sarocladium oryzae
Encyclopedia
Sarocladium oryzae is a plant pathogen causing the sheath rot disease of rice
. In culture it produces 0.3–0.627 microgram
s of helvolic acid and 0.9–4.8 micrograms of cerulenin
per milliliter of culture medium. The level of helvolic acid correlated with a higher incidence of sheath rot disease. Rice grains from infected plants were found to contain 2.2 micrograms helvolic acid and 1.75 micrograms of cerulein per gram of infected seeds, which induce chlorosis and reduce the seed viability and seedling health. S. oryzae has also been known as Acrocylindrium oryzae (Sawada). For forty years prior to 2005, a common industrial fungal strain used to manufacture cerulenin was known under the invalidly published designation "Cephalosporium caerulens", but an isolate of the original C. caerulens strain KF-140 was subsequently shown to be conspecific with S. oryzae.
Rice
Rice is the seed of the monocot plants Oryza sativa or Oryza glaberrima . As a cereal grain, it is the most important staple food for a large part of the world's human population, especially in East Asia, Southeast Asia, South Asia, the Middle East, and the West Indies...
. In culture it produces 0.3–0.627 microgram
Microgram
In the metric system, a microgram is a unit of mass equal to one millionth of a gram , or 1/1000 of a milligram. It is one of the smallest units of mass commonly used...
s of helvolic acid and 0.9–4.8 micrograms of cerulenin
Cerulenin
Cerulenin is an antifungal antibiotic that inhibits fatty acid and steroid biosynthesis. In fatty acid synthesis, it has been reported to bind in equimolar ratio to b-keto-acyl-ACP synthase, one of the seven moieties of fatty acid synthase, blocking the interaction of malonyl-CoA...
per milliliter of culture medium. The level of helvolic acid correlated with a higher incidence of sheath rot disease. Rice grains from infected plants were found to contain 2.2 micrograms helvolic acid and 1.75 micrograms of cerulein per gram of infected seeds, which induce chlorosis and reduce the seed viability and seedling health. S. oryzae has also been known as Acrocylindrium oryzae (Sawada). For forty years prior to 2005, a common industrial fungal strain used to manufacture cerulenin was known under the invalidly published designation "Cephalosporium caerulens", but an isolate of the original C. caerulens strain KF-140 was subsequently shown to be conspecific with S. oryzae.
External links
- Index Fungorum
- USDA ARS Fungal Database
- Rice Diseases in Mississippi: A Guide to Identification (includes photo of sheath rot)