Sapieha
Encyclopedia
Lithuanian language
Lithuanian is the official state language of Lithuania and is recognized as one of the official languages of the European Union. There are about 2.96 million native Lithuanian speakers in Lithuania and about 170,000 abroad. Lithuanian is a Baltic language, closely related to Latvian, although they...
Sapiega) is a Polish-Lithuanian
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth was a dualistic state of Poland and Lithuania ruled by a common monarch. It was the largest and one of the most populous countries of 16th- and 17th‑century Europe with some and a multi-ethnic population of 11 million at its peak in the early 17th century...
princely family descending from the medieval boyar
Boyar
A boyar, or bolyar , was a member of the highest rank of the feudal Moscovian, Kievan Rus'ian, Bulgarian, Wallachian, and Moldavian aristocracies, second only to the ruling princes , from the 10th century through the 17th century....
s of Smolensk
Smolensk
Smolensk is a city and the administrative center of Smolensk Oblast, Russia, located on the Dnieper River. Situated west-southwest of Moscow, this walled city was destroyed several times throughout its long history since it was on the invasion routes of both Napoleon and Hitler. Today, Smolensk...
. The family acquired great influence in the sixteenth century.
History
The creator of the fortune and power of the Sapieha family was Court and Great ChancellorKanclerz
Kanclerz was one of the highest officials in the historic Poland. This office functioned from the early Polish kingdom of the 12th century until the end of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1795. A respective office also existed in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania since the 16th...
and Great Hetman
Hetman
Hetman was the title of the second-highest military commander in 15th- to 18th-century Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, which together, from 1569 to 1795, comprised the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, or Rzeczpospolita....
of Lithuania Lew Sapieha
Lew Sapieha
Lew Sapieha . He was born in Astrouna , near Vitsebsk, Belarus. He became Great Secretary of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in 1580, Great Clerk of the Grand Duchy in 1581, Court Chancellor of the GDL in 1585, Grand Chancellor of the GDL from 1589 until 1623, Voivode of Vilnius in 1621, Great...
, a powerful magnate
Magnate
Magnate, from the Late Latin magnas, a great man, itself from Latin magnus 'great', designates a noble or other man in a high social position, by birth, wealth or other qualities...
.
On 14 September 1700, Michał Franciszek Sapieha
Michał Franciszek Sapieha
Michał Franciszek Sapieha was a Polish-Lithuanian magnate of the Sapieha family, Koniuszy of Lithuania, and a general of Lithuanian and Russian armies....
obtained the title of Prince
Prince
Prince is a general term for a ruler, monarch or member of a monarch's or former monarch's family, and is a hereditary title in the nobility of some European states. The feminine equivalent is a princess...
from Emperor Leopold I
Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor
| style="float:right;" | Leopold I was a Holy Roman Emperor, King of Hungary and King of Bohemia. A member of the Habsburg family, he was the second son of Emperor Ferdinand III and his first wife, Maria Anna of Spain. His maternal grandparents were Philip III of Spain and Margaret of Austria...
. The title became extinct upon his death on 19 November 1700. That year the family lost its dominant position in the Grand Duchy as a result of its defeat in the Lithuanian Civil War
Civil war in Lithuania (1700)
Civil war in Lithuania refers to the conflict between several powerful magnate families in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, part of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth...
. In 1768, members of the Sapieha family obtained recognition of the princely title from the Polish Sejm
Sejm
The Sejm is the lower house of the Polish parliament. The Sejm is made up of 460 deputies, or Poseł in Polish . It is elected by universal ballot and is presided over by a speaker called the Marshal of the Sejm ....
. After the partitions of Poland
Partitions of Poland
The Partitions of Poland or Partitions of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth took place in the second half of the 18th century and ended the existence of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, resulting in the elimination of sovereign Poland for 123 years...
, the family appeared in the list of persons authorised to bear the title of Prince of the Kingdom of Poland
Congress Poland
The Kingdom of Poland , informally known as Congress Poland , created in 1815 by the Congress of Vienna, was a personal union of the Russian parcel of Poland with the Russian Empire...
in 1824. The title was recognised in Austria
Austria
Austria , officially the Republic of Austria , is a landlocked country of roughly 8.4 million people in Central Europe. It is bordered by the Czech Republic and Germany to the north, Slovakia and Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the...
in 1836 and 1840, and in Russia
Russia
Russia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...
in 1874 and 1901. In 1905, the family obtained the qualification of Serene Highness in Austria.
The maternal grandmother of Princess Mathilde, Duchess of Brabant
Princess Mathilde, Duchess of Brabant
Princess Mathilde, Duchess of Brabant, DHS , is the wife of the heir apparent to the Belgian throne, Prince Philippe, Duke of Brabant...
was also a Sapieha.
Members
- Lew SapiehaLew SapiehaLew Sapieha . He was born in Astrouna , near Vitsebsk, Belarus. He became Great Secretary of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in 1580, Great Clerk of the Grand Duchy in 1581, Court Chancellor of the GDL in 1585, Grand Chancellor of the GDL from 1589 until 1623, Voivode of Vilnius in 1621, Great...
(1557-1633), Court ChancellorKanclerzKanclerz was one of the highest officials in the historic Poland. This office functioned from the early Polish kingdom of the 12th century until the end of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1795. A respective office also existed in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania since the 16th...
and Great Hetman of LithuaniaHetmanHetman was the title of the second-highest military commander in 15th- to 18th-century Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, which together, from 1569 to 1795, comprised the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, or Rzeczpospolita.... - Paweł Stefan Sapieha (1565–1635), Deputy Chancellor of Lithuania
- Jan Piotr SapiehaJan Piotr SapiehaJan Piotr Sapieha was a Polish-Lithuanian nobleman . Starosta uświacki, pułkownik królewski, son of Paweł Sapieha and Anna Chodkiewiczowna , married to Zofia Weiher, father of Paweł Jan Sapieha...
(1569-1611), Polish royal officer - Mikołaj Sapieha (1581–1644), voivode of Minsk and of Brześć Litewski, castellan of Vilnius
- Mikołaj Sapieha (1588–1638), voivode of Minsk and of Nowogródek
- Jan Stanisław Sapieha (1589–1635), Court Marshal of Lithuania, Great Lithuanian Marshal
- Tomasz SapiehaTomasz SapiehaTomasz Sapieha was a Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth noble and politician. Voivode of Wenden , Voivode of Nowogródek .Son of Mikołaj Sapieha, brother of Kazimierz Mikołaj Sapieha....
(1598-1646), voivode of Wenden and of Nowogródek - Fryderyk SapiehaFryderyk SapiehaFryderyk Sapieha was a Polish-Lithuanian noble from Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Voivode of Mścisław , podkomorzy of Vitebsk , starost of Ostryń . Studied in Vilnius and Ingolstadt. Deputy to Sejm in 1624. Fought in the Polish-Swedish War and Smolensk War with Muscovy ....
(1599-1650), voivode of Mścisław, podkomorzy of Vitebsk - Kazimierz Lew Sapieha (1607-1656), Marshal of the Crown, son of Lew Sapieha
- Paweł Jan SapiehaPaweł Jan SapiehaPaweł Jan Sapieha was a Polish-Lithuanian nobleman .Paweł Jan became a Hussar Rotmistrz in 1633, courtier in 1635, Obozny of Lithuania in 1638, Podstoli of Lithuania in 1645, voivode of the Witebsk Voivodeship in 1646, voivode of the Vilnius Voivodeship and Great Hetman of Lithuania in 1656.He...
(1609-1665), voivode of the Witebsk and Vilnius, Great Hetman of Lithuania - Mikołaj Krzysztof Sapieha (1613-1639), voivode of Minsk
- Jan Kazimierz Sapieha the YoungerJan Kazimierz Sapieha the YoungerJan Kazimierz Sapieha the Younger was a Grand Hetman of Lithuania since 1682. He held the title of a Duke since 1700. In 1681 he became Field Hetman of Lithuania, the following year he also became the voivode of Vilnius....
, (ca. 1642–1720), Field Hetman - Michał Franciszek SapiehaMichał Franciszek SapiehaMichał Franciszek Sapieha was a Polish-Lithuanian magnate of the Sapieha family, Koniuszy of Lithuania, and a general of Lithuanian and Russian armies....
(1670-1700), General, Koniuszy - Jan Kazimierz Sapieha the ElderJan Kazimierz Sapieha the ElderJan Kazimierz Sapieha the Elder was a Grand Hetman of Lithuania since 1708 to 1709.He was the son of Franciszek Stefan Sapieha, father of Piotr Paweł Sapieha and Paweł Sapieha. A supporter of Stanisław Leszczyński, he took part in many battles of the Great Northern War...
(?–1730), Grand Hetman of Lithuania - Jan Fryderyk SapiehaJan Fryderyk SapiehaJan Fryderyk Sapieha was a Grand Recorder of Lithuania between 1706 and 1709, since 1716 – the castellan of Trakai and after 1735 – the Grand Chancellor of Lithuania....
(1680–1751), Grand Recorder of Lithuania - Teresa SapiehaTeresa SapiehaPrincess Teresa Sapieha was a Polish noble lady.She married Hieronim Florian Radziwiłł on September 9, 1740 and Joachim Karol Potocki in 1752....
(died c.1784), wife of Hieronim Florian RadziwillHieronim Florian RadziwillPrince Hieronim Florian Radziwiłł was a Polish-Lithuanian szlachcic.He was Podczaszy of Lithuania since 1739, Great Chorąży of Lithuania since 1750 and starost of Przemyśl and Krzyczew....
and Joachim Karol Potocki - Aleksander Michał Sapieha (1730–1793), voivode of Płock, Field Lithuanian Hetman, Grand Lithuanian Chancellor, marshal of Lithuanian Tribunal
- Kazimierz Nestor SapiehaKazimierz Nestor SapiehaPrince Kazimierz Nestor Sapieha was a Polish-Lithuanian noble .Kazimierz Sapieha was educated at the Knight School in Warsaw from 1767 until 1791, and served as Artillery General of Lithuania, from 1773 to 1793...
(1757-1798), political activist, general - Anna Zofia SapiehaAnna Zofia SapiehaPrincess Anna Zofia Sapieha was a Polish noble lady.She married Prince Adam Jerzy Czartoryski on September 25, 1817 in Radzyń....
(1799-1864), wife of Adam Jerzy CzartoryskiAdam Jerzy CzartoryskiPrince Adam Jerzy Czartoryski was a Polish-Lithuanian noble, statesman and author. He was the son of Prince Adam Kazimierz Czartoryski and Izabela Fleming.... - Leon SapiehaLeon SapiehaLeon Sapieha was a Polish noble , politician and statesman.Leon was born and educated in Warsaw, and studied law and economic in Paris and Edinburgh from 1820 to 1824. He began to work in the administration in the Polish Kingdom...
(1803-1878), political and economic activist - Adam Stefan SapiehaAdam Stefan SapiehaPrince Adam Stefan Stanisław Bonifacy Józef Sapieha was a Polish cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church who served as Archbishop of Kraków. Between 1922–1923 he was a senator of the Second Rzeczpospolita. In 1946, Pope Pius XII created him Cardinal....
(1867-1951), cardinal, archbishop of KrakówKrakówKraków also Krakow, or Cracow , is the second largest and one of the oldest cities in Poland. Situated on the Vistula River in the Lesser Poland region, the city dates back to the 7th century. Kraków has traditionally been one of the leading centres of Polish academic, cultural, and artistic life... - Eustachy SapiehaEustachy SapiehaEustachy Kajetan Sapieha was a Polish nobleman, prince of the Sapieha family, politician, Polish Minister of Foreign Affairs, and deputy to the Polish parliament ....
(1881-1963), politician, Polish Minister of Foreign Affairs - Zofia Maria Sapieha (1919-1997), grandmother of Princess Mathilde of Belgium, Duchess of BrabantDuke of BrabantThe Duchy of Brabant was formally erected in 1183/1184. The title "Duke of Brabant" was created by the German Emperor Frederick Barbarossa in favor of Henry I, son of Godfrey III of Leuven . The Duchy of Brabant was a feudal elevation of the since 1085/1086 existing title of Landgrave of Brabant...
See also
- Ruzhany PalaceRuzhany PalaceRuzhany Palace is a ruined palace compound in Ruzhany village, Pruzhany Raion , Brest voblast , Western Belarus. Between the 16th and 19th centuries Ruzhany was the main seat of the senior line of the Sapieha noble family, known as the Sapiehowie-Różańscy...
- Sapieha Palace in VilniusSapieha Palace in VilniusSapieha Palace is a High Baroque palace in Sapiegos str., Antakalnis district of Vilnius, Lithuania. It is the only surviving of several palaces formerly belonging to the Sapieha family in the city....
- Sapieha Palace in WarsawSapieha Palace in WarsawSapieha Palace is one of the palaces in Warsaw New Town district of Warsaw, Poland. Started by the powerful Sapieha family who gave the name to the building, it currently houses the Environmental Protection School Complex.-History:...
- Sapieha Palace in Lviv
- Lithuanian nobility
- List of szlachta
- Sapieha beakerSapieha beakerThe silver Sapieha beaker is a 16th-century beaker, which originally belonged to Grygor Sapieha and was made in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. The Sapieha family played an important role in Lithuania's history through much of the 16th century. In 2007 the beaker was auctioned at Christie's London...