Sanicula
Encyclopedia
Sanicula is a genus
of plants in family
Apiaceae
(or Umbelliferae), the same family to which the carrot
and parsnip
belong. This genus has about 40 species
worldwide, with 22 in North America. The common names usually include the label sanicle or black snakeroot
.
Genus
In biology, a genus is a low-level taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms, which is an example of definition by genus and differentia...
of plants in family
Family (biology)
In biological classification, family is* a taxonomic rank. Other well-known ranks are life, domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, genus, and species, with family fitting between order and genus. As for the other well-known ranks, there is the option of an immediately lower rank, indicated by the...
Apiaceae
Apiaceae
The Apiaceae , commonly known as carrot or parsley family, is a group of mostly aromatic plants with hollow stems. The family is large, with more than 3,700 species spread across 434 genera, it is the sixteenth largest family of flowering plants...
(or Umbelliferae), the same family to which the carrot
Carrot
The carrot is a root vegetable, usually orange in colour, though purple, red, white, and yellow varieties exist. It has a crisp texture when fresh...
and parsnip
Parsnip
The parsnip is a root vegetable related to the carrot. Parsnips resemble carrots, but are paler than most carrots and have a sweeter taste, especially when cooked. The buttery, slightly spicy, sweet flavor of cooked mature parsnips is reminiscent of butterscotch, honey, and subtle cardamom...
belong. This genus has about 40 species
Species
In biology, a species is one of the basic units of biological classification and a taxonomic rank. A species is often defined as a group of organisms capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring. While in many cases this definition is adequate, more precise or differing measures are...
worldwide, with 22 in North America. The common names usually include the label sanicle or black snakeroot
Black snakeroot
Black snakeroot may refer to:*Actaea racemosa, a medicinal plant in the genus Actaea* Cimicifuga racemosa, an herbaceous perennial plant species of eastern North America* Certain species in the plant genus Sanicula...
.
List of species
- S. arctopoidesSanicula arctopoidesSanicula arctopoides is a species of sanicle known commonly as footsteps of spring or bear's foot sanicle. It is a perennial herb found on the west coast of the United States, especially near the ocean. The branches are short and thick and may be prostrate or slightly erect...
, Footsteps of spring, Bear's foot sanicle. - S. argutaSanicula argutaSanicula arguta is a species of flowering plant in the parsley family known by the common names sharptooth sanicle and sharptooth blacksnakeroot. It is native to the coastal hills and mountains of the southern half of California and Baja California, where it grows in many types of local habitat. It...
, Sharp-toothed sanicle. - S. bipinnataSanicula bipinnataSanicula bipinnata is a species of plant in the carrot family known by the common name poison sanicle. It is endemic to California where it is found in low-elevation mountains and foothills, especially in the hills along the coast...
, Poison sanicle. - S. bipinnatifidaSanicula bipinnatifidaSanicula bipinnatifida is a species of flowering plant in the parsley family known by the common names purple sanicle, purple blacksnakeroot, and shoe buttons...
, Purple sanicle. - S. canadensisSanicula canadensisSanicula canadensis, Black Snakeroot, is a native plant of North America and a member of family Apiaceae. It is biennial or periennial, and spreads primarily by seed. It grows from 1 to 4.5 feet tall, and is found in mesic deciduous woodlands...
, Black sanicle. - S. crassicaulisSanicula crassicaulisSanicula crassicaulis is a species of flowering plant in the parsley family known by the common names Pacific sanicle and Pacific blacksnakeroot. It is native to the west coast of North America from British Columbia to Baja California, where it can be found in many types of habitat, including...
, Gambleweed, Pacific sanicle. - S. europaeaSanicula europaeaSanicula europaea is a perennial plant of the family Apiaceae. It is widespread in shady woodland across Europe.-Growth:...
, Sanicle. - S. graveolensSanicula graveolensSanicula graveolens is a species of flowering plant in the parsley family known by the common names northern sanicle and Sierra blacksnakeroot. It is native to western North America from British Columbia to Montana to California, and southern South America, including southern Chile. Its habitat...
, Sierra sanicle. - S. gregaria, Common snakeroot.
- S. hoffmanniiSanicula hoffmanniiSanicula hoffmannii is an uncommon species of flowering plant in the parsley family known by the common names Hoffmann's sanicle and Hoffmann's blacksnakeroot. It is endemic to California, where it is known from the Channel Islands and a few locations in the coastal mountain ranges of the mainland,...
, Hoffmann's black snakeroot. - S. laciniataSanicula laciniataSanicula laciniata is a flowering plant species of in the family Apiaceae , the same family to which the Carrot and Parsnip belong. The genus has about 40 species worldwide, with 22 in North America...
, Coast sanicle. - S. marilandicaSanicula marilandicaMaryland black snakeroot is a flowering plant widespread in North America but rare along the Pacific coast of the continent and Texas. Sanicula marilandica is listed as Sensitive in Washington state....
, Maryland sanicle. - S. maritimaSanicula maritimaSanicula maritima is a rare species of flowering plant in the parsley family known by the common names adobe sanicle and adobe snakeroot. It is endemic to California, where it is known from just a few occurrences on the Central Coast. Its habitat includes moist coastal meadows and canyons...
, Adobe sanicle. - S. mariversaSanicula mariversaSanicula mariversa is a rare species of flowering plant in the carrot family known by the common name Waianae Range black-snakeroot. It is endemic to Hawaii, where it is known only from the Waianae Mountains on the island of Oahu. It is threatened by the degradation of its habitat...
, Waianae Range black snakeroot. - S. peckianaSanicula peckianaSanicula peckiana is an uncommon species of flowering plant in the parsley family known by the common names Peck's sanicle and Peck's blacksnakeroot. It is native to the Klamath Mountains of southern Oregon and far northern California, where it grows in chaparral and woodland habitat, often on...
, Peck's sanicle. - S. purpureaSanicula purpureaSanicula purpurea is a rare species of flowering plant in the carrot family known by the common names purpleflower black-snakeroot and purple-flowered sanicle. It is endemic to Hawaii, where it is known from Maui and from the Koolau Mountains on the island of Oahu. It is threatened by the...
, Purpleflower black snakeroot. - S. sandwicensis, (Gray) Hawaii black snakeroot.
- S. saxatilisSanicula saxatilisSanicula saxatilis is a rare species of flowering plant in the parsley family known by the common names rock sanicle and devil's blacksnakeroot. It is endemic to the San Francisco Bay Area of California, where it is known only from Mount Diablo and Mount Hamilton. Its habitat is mostly rocky...
, Rock sanicle. - S. tracyiSanicula tracyiSanicula tracyi is a species of flowering plant in the parsley family known by the common names Tracy's sanicle and Tracy's blacksnakeroot. It is endemic to northwestern California, where it is known from woodlands and coniferous forest in hills and mountains. It is a perennial herb producing a...
, Tracy's black snakeroot. - S. tuberosaSanicula tuberosaSanicula tuberosa is a species of flowering plant in the parsley family known by the common name turkey pea. It is native to western North America from Oregon through California to Baja California, where it can be found in many types of habitat, including chaparral, forests, and woodlands. It is...
, Turkey pea.
External links
- Sanicula at the PLANTS database.
- http://calphotos.berkeley.edu/cgi/img_query?query_src=photos_index&where-lifeform=any&rel-taxon=begins+with&where-taxon=Sanicula&rel-namesoup=matchphrase&where-namesoup=&rel-location=matchphrase&where-location=&rel-county=eq&where-county=any&rel-state=eq&where-state=any&rel-country=eq&where-country=any&where-collectn=any&rel-photographer=eq&where-photographer=any&rel-kwid=equals&where-kwid= Photos of species.]
- Sanicula overview, photos, and taxonomy at http://zipcodezoo.com/key/plantae/Sanicula_Genus.asp with a link to a distribution map.