Russian archaeology
Encyclopedia
Russian archaeology begins in the Russian Empire
in the 1850s and becomes Soviet archaeology in the early 20th century.
The journal Sovetskaya Arkheologiia is published from 1957.
living
major archaeological cultures and sites in Russia
Russian Empire
The Russian Empire was a state that existed from 1721 until the Russian Revolution of 1917. It was the successor to the Tsardom of Russia and the predecessor of the Soviet Union...
in the 1850s and becomes Soviet archaeology in the early 20th century.
The journal Sovetskaya Arkheologiia is published from 1957.
Archaeologists
- Aleksey UvarovAleksey UvarovCount Aleksey Sergeyevich Uvarov was a Russian archaeologist often considered to be the founder of the study of the prehistory of Russia....
(1825–1884) - Dmitry SamokvasovDmitry SamokvasovDmitry Yakovlevich Samokvasov was a Russian archaeologist and legal historian who excavated the Black Grave in Chernigov and several other sites important for the history of Kievan Rus. He graduated from the St. Petersburg University in 1868 and worked in the Warsaw University, administering its...
(1843–1911) - Dmitry Nikolayevich AnuchinDmitry Nikolayevich AnuchinDmitry Nikolayevich Anuchin was a Russian anthropologist, ethnographist, archaeologist, and geographer. He was a member of the Russian GeographicaL Society and convened the ethnographic sub-section of the Twelfth Congress of Russian Natural Scientists and Physicians held in Moscow in 1909...
(1843–1923) - Nikodim KondakovNikodim KondakovNikodim Pavlovich Kondakov , 1844, village of Khalan, Kursk Governorate, Russian Empire–February 17, 1925, Prague, Czechoslovakia), was a Russian historian, specialist in history of Byzantine art. Attended Moscow University under Fedor Buslaev in 1861–1865. Taught in the Moscow Art School...
(1844–1925) - Fyodor UspenskyFyodor UspenskyFyodor Ivanovich Uspensky or Uspenskij was the preeminent Russian Byzantinist in the first third of the 20th century. His works are considered to be among the finest illustrations of the flowering of Byzantine studies in Tsarist Russia....
(1845–1928) - Nikolay VeselovskyNikolay VeselovskyNikolai Ivanovich Veselovsky was a Russian archaeologist and orientalist, specializing on the history and archaeology of Central Asia. Born in Moscow, schooled in Vologda, studied at Saint Petersburg State University. Reader in 1877, extraordinarius in 1884, ordinarius from 1890...
(1848–1918) - Vasilij GorodtsovVasilij GorodtsovVasily Alekseyevich Gorodtsov was a Russian archaeologist....
(1860–1945) - Boris FarmakovskyBoris FarmakovskyBoris Farmakovsky was a Russian archaeologist, who began professional excavations of the ancient Greek colony of Olbia in Ukraine....
(1870–1928) - Michael RostovtzeffMichael RostovtzeffMikhail Ivanovich Rostovtzeff, or Rostovtsev was one of the 20th century's foremost authorities on ancient Greek, Iranian, and Roman history....
(1870–1952) - Sergei RudenkoSergei RudenkoSergei Ivanovich Rudenko was a prominent Russian/Soviet anthropologist and archaeologist who discovered and excavated the most celebrated of Scythian burials, Pazyryk in Siberia....
(1885–1969) - Mikhail ArtamonovMikhail ArtamonovMikhail Illarionovich Artamonov Artamonov's scientific career was centered on the Leningrad University, where he was a professor since 1935 and the head of the chair of archeology since 1949. He researched Bronze Age and Iron Age settlements by the Don River, in the North Caucasus and in the Ukraine...
(1898–1972) - Boris GrakovBoris GrakovBoris Nikolaevich Grakov |Onega]] — September 14, 1970 in Moscow) was a Soviet Russian archaeologist, who specialized in Scythian and Sarmatian archeology, classical philology and ancient epigraphy....
(1899–1970) - Vasily AbaevVasily AbaevVaso Ivanovich Abaev was an ethnically Ossetian Soviet linguist specializing in Ossetian and Iranian linguistics. He was born in Kobi, Georgia, Russian Empire....
(1900–2001) - Artemiy ArtsikhovskyArtemiy ArtsikhovskyArtemiy Artsikhovsky was a Russian archaeologist and historian, professor , head of the department of archaeology of the Moscow State University, the discoverer of birch bark documents in Novgorod...
(1902–1978) - Mikhail GerasimovMikhail GerasimovMikhail Gerasimov may refer to:*Mikhail Gerasimov *Mikhail Mikhaylovich Gerasimov , Soviet archaeologist and anthropologist...
(1907–1970) - Alexey Okladnikov (1908–1981)
- Boris PiotrovskyBoris PiotrovskyBoris Borisovich Piotrovsky was a Soviet Russian academician, historian-orientalist and archaeologist who studied the ancient civilizations of Urartu, Scythia, and Nubia. He is best known as a key figure in the study of the Urartian civilization of the southern Caucasus...
(1908–1990) - Boris RybakovBoris RybakovBoris Alexandrovich Rybakov was a Soviet and Russian historian who personified the anti-Normanist vision of Russian history....
(1908–2001) - Boris MarshakBoris MarshakBoris Ilich Marshak was an archeologist who spent more than fifty years excavating the Sogdian ruins at Panjakent, Tajikistan.-Biography:Boris Ilich Marshak was born in Luga, Leningrad Oblast, Russian SFSR July 9, 1933...
(1933–2006)
living
- Viktor SarianidiViktor SarianidiViktor Ivanovich Sarianidi or Victor Sarigiannides is a well-known Soviet archaeologist of Pontic Greek descent. He discovered the remains of a Bronze Age culture in the Karakum Desert in 1976...
(b. 1929) - Valentin YaninValentin YaninValentin Lavrentievich Yanin is a leading Russian historian who has authored 700 books and articles. He has also edited a number of important journals and primary sources, including works on medieval Russian law, sphragistics and epigraphy, archaeology and history...
(b. 1929) - Dmitry MachinskyDmitry MachinskyDmitry Alexeyevich Machinsky is a leading Russian archaeologist. He lives in Saint Petersburg and works in the Hermitage Museum. Machinsky is particularly well known for having excavated Lyubsha and other Viking settlements along the Volkhov River...
(b. 1937) - Natalia PolosmakNatalia PolosmakNatalia Victorovna Polosmak is a Russian archaeologist specialising in the Eurasian nomads, especially those known as the Pazyryk, an ancient people who lived in the Altay Mountains in Siberian Russia...
Sites
major archaeological cultures and sites in Russia
- Khvalynsk cultureKhvalynsk cultureThe Khvalynsk culture was an Eneolithic culture of the first half of the 5th millennium BC, discovered at Khvalynsk on the Volga in Saratov Oblast, Russia. The culture also is termed the Middle Eneolithic or Developed Eneolithic or Proto-kurgan...
(Eneolithic) - Novotitorovka cultureNovotitorovka cultureNovotitorovka culture, 3300—2700 BC, a Bronze Age archaeological culture of the North Caucasus immediately to the north of and largely overlapping portions of the Maykop culture facing the Sea of Azov, running from the Kerch Strait eastwards, almost to the Caspian, roughly coterminous with...
(Early Bronze Age) - Maykop cultureMaykop cultureThe Maykop culture , ca. 3700 BC—2500 BC, was a major Bronze Age archaeological culture situated in Southern Russia running from the Taman Peninsula at the Kerch Strait nearly to the modern border of Dagestan, centered approximately on the modern Republic of Adygea in the Kuban River valley...
(Early Bronze Age)- Maykop kurgan
- Afanasevo cultureAfanasevo cultureThe Afanasevo culture, traditionally dated to 2500–2000 BC , is an archaeological culture of the late copper and early Bronze Age of southern Siberia....
(Early Bronze Age) - Abashevo cultureAbashevo cultureAbashevo culture is a later Bronze Age archaeological culture found in the valleys of the Volga and Kama River north of the Samara bend and into the southern Ural Mountains. It receives its name from a village of Abashevo in Chuvashia. Artifacts are kurgans and remnants of settlements...
(Bronze Age) - Andronovo cultureAndronovo cultureThe Andronovo culture, is a collection of similar local Bronze Age cultures that flourished ca. 21200–1400 BCE in western Siberia and the west Asiatic steppe. It is probably better termed an archaeological complex or archaeological horizon...
(Middle to Late Bronze Age)- ArkaimArkaimArkaim is an archaeological site situated in the Southern Urals steppe, north-to-northwest of Amurskiy, and south-to-southeast of Alexandronvskiy, two villages in the Chelyabinsk Oblast, Russia, just to the north from the Kazakhstan border....
- SintashtaSintashtaSintashta is an archaeological site in Chelyabinsk Oblast, Russia. It is the remains of a fortified settlement dating to the Bronze Age, c. 2800–1600 BC, and is the type site of the Sintashta culture...
- Arkaim
- TanaisTanaisTanais is the ancient name for the River Don in Russia. Strabo regarded it as the boundary between Europe and Asia.In antiquity, Tanais was also the name of a city in the Don river delta that reaches into the northeasternmost part of the Sea of Azov, which the Greeks called Lake Maeotis...
(Late Bronze to Iron Age) - Pazyryk culturePazyryk cultureThe Pazyryk culture is an Iron Age archaeological culture identified by excavated artifacts and mummified humans found in the Siberian permafrost in the Altay Mountains. The mummies are buried in long barrows similar to the tomb mounds of western Scythian culture in modern Ukraine...
(Iron Age) - TmutarakanTmutarakanTmutarakan was a Mediaeval Russian principality and trading town that controlled the Cimmerian Bosporus, the passage from the Black Sea to the Sea of Azov. Its site was the ancient Greek colony of Hermonassa . It was situated on the Taman peninsula, in the present-day Krasnodar Krai of Russia,...
- Staraya LadogaStaraya LadogaStaraya Ladoga , or the Aldeigjuborg of Norse sagas, is a village in the Volkhovsky District of Leningrad Oblast, Russia, located on the Volkhov River near Lake Ladoga, 8 km north of the town of Volkhov. The village used to be a prosperous trading outpost in the 8th and 9th centuries...
(Viking Age) - SarkelSarkelSarkel was a large limestone-and-brick fortress built by the Khazars with Byzantine assistance in the 830s. It was named white-house because of the white limestone bricks they have used to build Sarkel...
(9th century)
Literature
- G. Trigger, A History of Archaeological Thought, McGill University, Montréal, pp. 327ff.
- Mikhail Miller, Archaeology in the U.S.S.R, New York (1956).
See also
- History of archaeologyHistory of archaeologyThe history of archaeology has been one of increasing professionalism, and the use of an increasing range of techniques, to obtain as much data on the site being examined as possible.-Origins :...
- History of RussiaHistory of RussiaThe history of Russia begins with that of the Eastern Slavs and the Finno-Ugric peoples. The state of Garðaríki , which was centered in Novgorod and included the entire areas inhabited by Ilmen Slavs, Veps and Votes, was established by the Varangian chieftain Rurik in 862...
- History of Central AsiaHistory of Central AsiaThe history of Central Asia has been determined primarily by the area's climate and geography. The aridity of the region makes agriculture difficult, and its distance from the sea cut it off from much trade. Thus, few major cities developed in the region...
- ScythiaScythiaIn antiquity, Scythian or Scyths were terms used by the Greeks to refer to certain Iranian groups of horse-riding nomadic pastoralists who dwelt on the Pontic-Caspian steppe...
- Kurgan hypothesisKurgan hypothesisThe Kurgan hypothesis is one of the proposals about early Indo-European origins, which postulates that the people of an archaeological "Kurgan culture" in the Pontic steppe were the most likely speakers of the Proto-Indo-European language...
- List of Russian historians