Russian Fascist Organization
Encyclopedia
Russian Fascist Organization (RFO) was the name adopted by a Russia
n émigré group active in Manchuria
before World War II
.
The original RFO was formed in 1925 by members of the Law Faculty at Harbin Normal University
. Under the leadership of Prof. N.I. Nikiforov, it looked to Italian fascism
for inspiration and produced the 'Theses of Russian Fascism' in 1927. The RFO smuggled some propaganda into the Soviet Union
, although this was brought to the attention of China
who promptly banned the group from publishing such works. In 1931 the RFO absorbed into the newly-founded Russian Fascist Party
(RFP) under the leadership of Konstantin Rodzaevsky
.
A separate group, the All-Russian Fascist Organization (VFO), was also active under Anastasy Vonsyatsky
and was based May 10, 1933 in Putnam, Connecticut
United States
.
In 1934, in Yokohama
, Russian Fascist Party
(RFP) and VFO attempted to merge the results of which was set up All-Russia Fascist Party (April 3, 1934 signed a protocol number 1, which proclaimed the merger of RFP and VFO and the creation of the All-Russia Fascist Party (VFP)). Supposed to connect the beginning of the RFP organizational and financial resources VFO. April 26, 1934 in Harbin
on 2-m (Unity) Congress of Russian Fascists happened formal association VFO and the RFP and the creation of the All-Russia Fascist Party .
Full merger was quite problematic, because Vonsyatsky
was an opponent of anti-Semitism and considered support of the RFP – the Cossacks and the monarchists – an anachronism. In October–December 1934 is the gap between Konstantin Rodzaevsky
and Anastasy Vonsyatsky
. Although this group co-operated with the RFP for a while they later split to form their own 'Russian National Revolutionary Party' which achieved little success.
In 1940 – December 1941, there was the resumption of cooperation Konstantin Rodzaevsky
and Anastasy Vonsyatsky
, interrupted the start of Japanese-American War.
After the U.S. entry into World War II
in 1942 Anastasy Vonsyatsky
has been arrested by the FBI, after which the party ceased to exist.
Russia
Russia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...
n émigré group active in Manchuria
Manchuria
Manchuria is a historical name given to a large geographic region in northeast Asia. Depending on the definition of its extent, Manchuria usually falls entirely within the People's Republic of China, or is sometimes divided between China and Russia. The region is commonly referred to as Northeast...
before World War II
World War II
World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...
.
The original RFO was formed in 1925 by members of the Law Faculty at Harbin Normal University
Harbin Normal University
Harbin Normal University is a university located in Harbin, Heilongjiang, P.R. China.HNU has 16 colleges and offers 46 academic majors. It offers undergraduate, graduate, and doctorate degrees...
. Under the leadership of Prof. N.I. Nikiforov, it looked to Italian fascism
Italian Fascism
Italian Fascism also known as Fascism with a capital "F" refers to the original fascist ideology in Italy. This ideology is associated with the National Fascist Party which under Benito Mussolini ruled the Kingdom of Italy from 1922 until 1943, the Republican Fascist Party which ruled the Italian...
for inspiration and produced the 'Theses of Russian Fascism' in 1927. The RFO smuggled some propaganda into the Soviet Union
Soviet Union
The Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....
, although this was brought to the attention of China
China
Chinese civilization may refer to:* China for more general discussion of the country.* Chinese culture* Greater China, the transnational community of ethnic Chinese.* History of China* Sinosphere, the area historically affected by Chinese culture...
who promptly banned the group from publishing such works. In 1931 the RFO absorbed into the newly-founded Russian Fascist Party
Russian Fascist Party
The Russian Fascist Party , sometimes called the All-Russian Fascist Party, was a minor Russian emigre movement that was based in Manchukuo during the 1930s and 1940s....
(RFP) under the leadership of Konstantin Rodzaevsky
Konstantin Rodzaevsky
Konstantin Vladimirovich Rodzaevsky was the leader of the Russian Fascist Party, which he led in exile from Manchuria, chief editor of the RFP "Nash Put".-Far Eastern Fascism:...
.
A separate group, the All-Russian Fascist Organization (VFO), was also active under Anastasy Vonsyatsky
Anastasy Vonsyatsky
Anastasy Andreyevich Vonsyatsky , better known in the United States as Anastase Andreivitch Vonsiatsky, was a Russian anti-Bolshevik émigré and fascist leader based in the United States since the 1920s....
and was based May 10, 1933 in Putnam, Connecticut
Putnam, Connecticut
Putnam is a town in Windham County, Connecticut, United States. The population was 9,002 as of the 2000 census. It is home to WINY, an AM radio station.-History:...
United States
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
.
In 1934, in Yokohama
Yokohama
is the capital city of Kanagawa Prefecture and the second largest city in Japan by population after Tokyo and most populous municipality of Japan. It lies on Tokyo Bay, south of Tokyo, in the Kantō region of the main island of Honshu...
, Russian Fascist Party
Russian Fascist Party
The Russian Fascist Party , sometimes called the All-Russian Fascist Party, was a minor Russian emigre movement that was based in Manchukuo during the 1930s and 1940s....
(RFP) and VFO attempted to merge the results of which was set up All-Russia Fascist Party (April 3, 1934 signed a protocol number 1, which proclaimed the merger of RFP and VFO and the creation of the All-Russia Fascist Party (VFP)). Supposed to connect the beginning of the RFP organizational and financial resources VFO. April 26, 1934 in Harbin
Harbin
Harbin ; Manchu language: , Harbin; Russian: Харби́н Kharbin ), is the capital and largest city of Heilongjiang Province in Northeast China, lying on the southern bank of the Songhua River...
on 2-m (Unity) Congress of Russian Fascists happened formal association VFO and the RFP and the creation of the All-Russia Fascist Party .
Full merger was quite problematic, because Vonsyatsky
Anastasy Vonsyatsky
Anastasy Andreyevich Vonsyatsky , better known in the United States as Anastase Andreivitch Vonsiatsky, was a Russian anti-Bolshevik émigré and fascist leader based in the United States since the 1920s....
was an opponent of anti-Semitism and considered support of the RFP – the Cossacks and the monarchists – an anachronism. In October–December 1934 is the gap between Konstantin Rodzaevsky
Konstantin Rodzaevsky
Konstantin Vladimirovich Rodzaevsky was the leader of the Russian Fascist Party, which he led in exile from Manchuria, chief editor of the RFP "Nash Put".-Far Eastern Fascism:...
and Anastasy Vonsyatsky
Anastasy Vonsyatsky
Anastasy Andreyevich Vonsyatsky , better known in the United States as Anastase Andreivitch Vonsiatsky, was a Russian anti-Bolshevik émigré and fascist leader based in the United States since the 1920s....
. Although this group co-operated with the RFP for a while they later split to form their own 'Russian National Revolutionary Party' which achieved little success.
In 1940 – December 1941, there was the resumption of cooperation Konstantin Rodzaevsky
Konstantin Rodzaevsky
Konstantin Vladimirovich Rodzaevsky was the leader of the Russian Fascist Party, which he led in exile from Manchuria, chief editor of the RFP "Nash Put".-Far Eastern Fascism:...
and Anastasy Vonsyatsky
Anastasy Vonsyatsky
Anastasy Andreyevich Vonsyatsky , better known in the United States as Anastase Andreivitch Vonsiatsky, was a Russian anti-Bolshevik émigré and fascist leader based in the United States since the 1920s....
, interrupted the start of Japanese-American War.
After the U.S. entry into World War II
World War II
World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...
in 1942 Anastasy Vonsyatsky
Anastasy Vonsyatsky
Anastasy Andreyevich Vonsyatsky , better known in the United States as Anastase Andreivitch Vonsiatsky, was a Russian anti-Bolshevik émigré and fascist leader based in the United States since the 1920s....
has been arrested by the FBI, after which the party ceased to exist.
External links
- E. Oberlander, 'The All-Russian Fascist Party', Journal of Contemporary History, Vol. 1, No. 1. (1966), pp. 158–173
- The Russian Fascists: Tragedy and Farce in Exile, 1925–1945 by John J. Stephan ISBN 0-06-014099-2
- К. В. Родзаевский. Завещание Русского фашистаZaveshchanie russkogo fashistaZaveshchanie russkogo fashista is a reprint edition published in 2001 of a book by Konstantin Rodzaevsky, the leader of the All-Russia Fascist Party...
. М., ФЭРИ-В, 2001 ISBN 5-94138-010-0 - А.В. Окороков. Фашизм и русская эмиграция (1920–1945 гг.). М., Руссаки, 2002 ISBN 5-93347-063-5
- Н.Н. Грозин. Защитные рубашки. Шанхай: Издательство Всероссийский Русский Календарь, 1939.