Rudolf Hoppe
Encyclopedia
Rudolf Hoppe a German chemist, discovered the first covalent noble gas compounds.
and was awarded his doctorate at the Westfälische Wilhelms-niversity of Münstern 1954. He also got his habilitation degree in Münster and gained a professorship for inorganic chemistry in 1958.
In 1965, Hoppe accepted an offer for the chair of inorganic and analytic chemistry at the Justus-Liebig-University of Gießen, which he kept until his retirement in 1991.
), reported in November 1962. His work followed the previous synthesis of by xenon hexafluoroplatinate by Neil Bartlett, in an experiment run on March 23, 1962 and reported in June of that year. Until then, everyone had assumed that compounds of such kind would not exist, the reason being, first, unsuccessful experiments attempting to synthesize such noble gas compounds and, second, the concept of the "closed octet of electrons", according to which noble gases would not participate in chemical reactions.
Through the properties of the interhalogen compounds it had become obvious that noble gas fluorides were the only accessible ones. Since 1949/50, a research group in Münster had carried out in-depth discussions on the possibility of the formation and the properties of xenon fluorides. This research group was convinced, already in 1951, that XeF4 and XeF2 should be thermodynamically stable against the decomposition into the elements.
For a long time it was planned to occasionally perform synthetic experiments targeted at the xenon fluorides. Technical and conceptional difficulties, however, interfered in Münster. On the one hand, xenon was not accessible in sufficient purity; on the other hand, the researchers believed that only pressure syntheses would be successful, for which steel bottles with compressed F2 were needed. Since 1961, those F2-pressure cylinders had been promised by American friends but the transfer could not take place until 1963 because the valves of non-standard U.S. pressure cylinders were not allowed in Germany and vice versa.
Nevertheless, Hoppe’s research group was able to generate XeF2 in the form of transparent crystals in early 1962. To do so, they let electric sparks impact on xenon-fluorine mixtures. Neil Bartlett tried a similar experiment for the first time in the USA on August 2, 1962. After a few days, he gained xenon tetrafluoride
, XeF4.
Furthermore, Hoppe has been a member of several scientific societies and academies as well as of the Academy Leopoldina of Halle and of the Bavarian and Austrian Academy of Science.
Academic career
Hoppe studied chemistry at the Christian-Albrechts-University of KielUniversity of Kiel
The University of Kiel is a university in the city of Kiel, Germany. It was founded in 1665 as the Academia Holsatorum Chiloniensis by Christian Albert, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp and has approximately 23,000 students today...
and was awarded his doctorate at the Westfälische Wilhelms-niversity of Münstern 1954. He also got his habilitation degree in Münster and gained a professorship for inorganic chemistry in 1958.
In 1965, Hoppe accepted an offer for the chair of inorganic and analytic chemistry at the Justus-Liebig-University of Gießen, which he kept until his retirement in 1991.
In Münster
Hoppe became famous through his synthesis of the stable noble gas compound XeF2 (Xenon difluorideXenon difluoride
Xenon difluoride is a powerful fluorinating agent with the chemical formula , and one of the most stable xenon compounds. Like most covalent inorganic fluorides it is moisture sensitive. It decomposes on contact with light or water vapour. Xenon difluoride is a dense, white crystalline solid. It...
), reported in November 1962. His work followed the previous synthesis of by xenon hexafluoroplatinate by Neil Bartlett, in an experiment run on March 23, 1962 and reported in June of that year. Until then, everyone had assumed that compounds of such kind would not exist, the reason being, first, unsuccessful experiments attempting to synthesize such noble gas compounds and, second, the concept of the "closed octet of electrons", according to which noble gases would not participate in chemical reactions.
Through the properties of the interhalogen compounds it had become obvious that noble gas fluorides were the only accessible ones. Since 1949/50, a research group in Münster had carried out in-depth discussions on the possibility of the formation and the properties of xenon fluorides. This research group was convinced, already in 1951, that XeF4 and XeF2 should be thermodynamically stable against the decomposition into the elements.
For a long time it was planned to occasionally perform synthetic experiments targeted at the xenon fluorides. Technical and conceptional difficulties, however, interfered in Münster. On the one hand, xenon was not accessible in sufficient purity; on the other hand, the researchers believed that only pressure syntheses would be successful, for which steel bottles with compressed F2 were needed. Since 1961, those F2-pressure cylinders had been promised by American friends but the transfer could not take place until 1963 because the valves of non-standard U.S. pressure cylinders were not allowed in Germany and vice versa.
Nevertheless, Hoppe’s research group was able to generate XeF2 in the form of transparent crystals in early 1962. To do so, they let electric sparks impact on xenon-fluorine mixtures. Neil Bartlett tried a similar experiment for the first time in the USA on August 2, 1962. After a few days, he gained xenon tetrafluoride
Xenon tetrafluoride
Xenon tetrafluoride is a chemical compound with chemical formula . It was the first discovered binary compound of a noble gas. It is produced by the chemical reaction of xenon with fluorine, , according to the chemical equation:...
, XeF4.
In Gießen
In Gießen, Hoppe continued his extensive research in the field of solid state chemistry with a focus on the synthesis and characterization of oxo- and fluorometalates of the alkali metals. During his research he published over 650 articles in international and national peer-review journals. In addition, he had been the scientific editor for the German Journal of Inorganic and General Chemistry (Zeitschrift für Anorganische und Allgemeine Chemie).Teachings
As a professor, Prof. Hoppe taught many young students the fundamentals of chemistry and other more specific topics. In addition, 114 doctoral candidates earned their Ph.D. with Hoppe as their supervisor.Other activities
Hoppe is a great pet lover and is known to be a supporter of zoological gardens.Honors
- Honorary doctorate of the Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel (1983) as well as of the University Ljubljana (1990)
- Award of the Academy of Science of Göttingen (1963)
- Alfred-Stock-Award of the German Chemical Society (1974)
- Henri-Moissan-Medal of the Société Chimie de France (1986)
- Jozef-Stefan-Medal of the homonymous institute in Ljubljana (1988)
- Otto-Hahn-Award for Chemistry and Physics (1989) as the first representative of inorganic chemistry
- Lavoisier-Medal of the Société de France (1995)
Furthermore, Hoppe has been a member of several scientific societies and academies as well as of the Academy Leopoldina of Halle and of the Bavarian and Austrian Academy of Science.