Richard Óg de Burgh, 2nd Earl of Ulster
Encyclopedia
Richard Óg de Burgh, 2nd Earl of Ulster and 3rd Baron of Connaught (1259 – 29 July 1326), called The Red Earl, was one of the most powerful Irish nobles of the late 13th and early 14th centuries.
(of the second creation) and Lord of Connacht
. His name, "Richard Óg", meant Richard the Young, probably a reference to his youth when he became earl in 1271, or to differentiate him from his grandfather, Richard Mór.
, and ranked first among the Earls of Ireland. Richard married Margaret, probably a daughter of Count Arnold III of Guines and a descendant of Edward I.. He pursued expansionist policies that often left him at odds with fellow Norman
lords.
His daughter Elizabeth
was to become the second wife of King Robert the Bruce
of Scotland. However, this did not stop him leading his forces from Ireland to support England's King Edward I
in his Scottish campaigns and when the forces of Edward Bruce
invaded Ulster in 1315, the Earl led a force against him, but was beaten at Connor in Antrim. The invasion of Bruce and the uprising of Felim Ó Conchúir
in Connacht left him virtually without authority in his lands, but Ó Conchúir was killed in 1316 at the Second Battle of Athenry
, and he was able to recover Ulster after the defeat of Bruce
at Faughart
.
He died on 29 July 1326 at Athassel Priory
, near Cashel
, County Tipperary
.
:
, Norfolk
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=Alice
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William de Burgh
, died 1205. Hubert de Burgh, 1st Earl of Kent
, d. 1243. Geoffrey de Burgh, d. 1228. Thomas de Burgh
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Richard Mór de Burgh, 1st Baron of Connaught Richard Óge de Burgh
| (ancestor of Ulick Burke of Annaghkeen)
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Walter de Burgh, 1st Earl of Ulster
William Óg de Burgh
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Richard Óg de Burgh, 2nd Earl of Ulster Edmond Albanach de Burgh
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John de Burgh Edmond de Burgh
, 1298-1338.
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William Donn de Burgh, 3rd Earl of Ulster
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| Sir Richard, fl. 1387. Sir David, fl. 1387.
Elizabeth de Burgh, 4th Countess of Ulster
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| Burke of Castleconnell
Burke of Muskerryquirk
Philippa, 5th Countess of Ulster Burke of Brittas
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Roger Mortimer, 4th Earl of March
Early life
A son of Walter de Burgh, the 1st Earl of UlsterEarl of Ulster
The title of Earl of Ulster has been created several times in the Peerage of Ireland and Peerage of the United Kingdom. Currently, the title is a subsidiary title of the Duke of Gloucester, and is used as a courtesy title by the Duke's son, Alexander Windsor, Earl of Ulster...
(of the second creation) and Lord of Connacht
Lords of Connaught
The title of Lord of Connaught was used by several Norman barons in Ireland.During the Norman invasion of Ireland, William de Burgh was apparently granted Connacht, but never took possession of it. It remained in the hands of native kings until 1224, when Richard Mor de Burgh claimed it on the...
. His name, "Richard Óg", meant Richard the Young, probably a reference to his youth when he became earl in 1271, or to differentiate him from his grandfather, Richard Mór.
Earl of Ulster
Richard Óg was the most powerful of the de Burgh Earls of Ulster, succeeding his father in Ulster and Connacht upon reaching his majority in 1280. He was a friend of King Edward I of EnglandEdward I of England
Edward I , also known as Edward Longshanks and the Hammer of the Scots, was King of England from 1272 to 1307. The first son of Henry III, Edward was involved early in the political intrigues of his father's reign, which included an outright rebellion by the English barons...
, and ranked first among the Earls of Ireland. Richard married Margaret, probably a daughter of Count Arnold III of Guines and a descendant of Edward I.. He pursued expansionist policies that often left him at odds with fellow Norman
Hiberno-Norman
The Hiberno-Normans are those Norman lords who settled in Ireland who admitted little if any real fealty to the Anglo-Norman settlers in England, and who soon began to interact and intermarry with the Gaelic nobility of Ireland. The term embraces both their origins as a distinct community with...
lords.
His daughter Elizabeth
Elizabeth de Burgh
Elizabeth de Burgh was the second wife and the only queen consort of King Robert I of Scotland.-Life:She was born in Dunfermline, Fife in Scotland, the daughter of the powerful Richard Óg de Burgh, 2nd Earl of Ulster and his wife Margarite de Burgh...
was to become the second wife of King Robert the Bruce
Robert I of Scotland
Robert I , popularly known as Robert the Bruce , was King of Scots from March 25, 1306, until his death in 1329.His paternal ancestors were of Scoto-Norman heritage , and...
of Scotland. However, this did not stop him leading his forces from Ireland to support England's King Edward I
Edward I of England
Edward I , also known as Edward Longshanks and the Hammer of the Scots, was King of England from 1272 to 1307. The first son of Henry III, Edward was involved early in the political intrigues of his father's reign, which included an outright rebellion by the English barons...
in his Scottish campaigns and when the forces of Edward Bruce
Edward Bruce
Edward the Bruce , sometimes modernised Edward of Bruce, was a younger brother of King Robert I of Scotland, who supported his brother in the struggle for the crown of Scotland, then pursued his own claim in Ireland. He was proclaimed High King of Ireland, but was eventually defeated and killed in...
invaded Ulster in 1315, the Earl led a force against him, but was beaten at Connor in Antrim. The invasion of Bruce and the uprising of Felim Ó Conchúir
Felim mac Aedh Ua Conchobair
Felim mac Aedh Ua Conchobair was King of Connacht in Ireland from 1310 to 1316.His father, Aedh Ó Conchobair, was killed in battle at Coill an Clochain by Aed Breifnech Ua Conchobair...
in Connacht left him virtually without authority in his lands, but Ó Conchúir was killed in 1316 at the Second Battle of Athenry
Second Battle of Athenry
The Second Battle of Athenry took place at Athenry in Ireland on 10 August 1316 during the Bruce campaign in Ireland.-Overview:The collective number of both armies are unknown, and can only be estimated. Martyn believes the royal army to have been as much as or more than a thousand, while that of...
, and he was able to recover Ulster after the defeat of Bruce
Battle of Faughart
The Battle of Faughart was fought on 14 October 1318 between a Hiberno-Norman force led by John de Bermingham and Edmund Butler, and a Scots-Irish army commanded by Edward Bruce, brother of Robert Bruce, king of Scotland. It was a battle of the First War of Scottish Independence and more precisely...
at Faughart
Faughart
Faughart is a town in County Louth, Ireland, situated between Forkill and Dundalk. It was the birthplace of St. Brigid , and Edward Bruce is buried in the graveyard on the hill above the town. Bruce, who had taken the title King of Ireland, was defeated and killed at the Battle of Faughart in 1318....
.
He died on 29 July 1326 at Athassel Priory
Athassel Priory
Athassel Priory is a ruined monastic site on the western bank of the River Suir 8 km southwest of Cashel, County Tipperary, Ireland. The Athassel Priory of St. Edmund the King was a foundation of the Augustinian Canons Regular under the patronage of Walter de Burgh, 1st Earl of Ulster who was...
, near Cashel
Cashel, County Tipperary
Cashel is a town in South Tipperary in Ireland. Its population was 2936 at the 2006 census. The town gives its name to the ecclesiastical province of Cashel. Additionally, the cathedra of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Cashel and Emly was originally in the town prior to the English Reformation....
, County Tipperary
County Tipperary
County Tipperary is a county of Ireland. It is located in the province of Munster and is named after the town of Tipperary. The area of the county does not have a single local authority; local government is split between two authorities. In North Tipperary, part of the Mid-West Region, local...
.
Children and family
- Aveline de Burgh (b. c. 1280), married John de Bermingham, 1st Earl of LouthJohn de Bermingham, 1st Earl of LouthJohn de Bermingham, 1st Earl of Louth was an Irish peer. He was the commander of the Anglo-Irish army in the Battle of Faughart, the decisive battle in the Irish Bruce Wars 1315–1318...
- Eleanor de Burgh (1282 – aft. August 1324), married Lord Thomas de MultonThomas de Multon, 1st Baron Multon of GilslandLord Thomas de Multon was the first Baron Multon of Gilsland. He married Eleanor de Burgh daughter of Richard de Burgh 2nd Earl of Ulster, Richard's other daughter Elizabeth de Burgh married King Robert the Bruce of Scotland. The title Baron Multon of Gilsland was created once in the Peerage of...
of Burghs-on-Sands - Elizabeth de BurghElizabeth de BurghElizabeth de Burgh was the second wife and the only queen consort of King Robert I of Scotland.-Life:She was born in Dunfermline, Fife in Scotland, the daughter of the powerful Richard Óg de Burgh, 2nd Earl of Ulster and his wife Margarite de Burgh...
(c. 1284 – 26 October 1327), Queen consort of Scotland, married Robert the BruceRobert I of ScotlandRobert I , popularly known as Robert the Bruce , was King of Scots from March 25, 1306, until his death in 1329.His paternal ancestors were of Scoto-Norman heritage , and...
as his second wife, and was the mother of David II of ScotlandDavid II of ScotlandDavid II was King of Scots from 7 June 1329 until his death.-Early life:... - Walter de Burgh (c. 1285–1304)
- John de Burgh (c. 1286 – 18 June 1313)
- Matilda de Burgh (c. 1288–1320), married Gilbert de Clare, 7th Earl of HertfordGilbert de Clare, 7th Earl of HertfordGilbert de Clare, 6th Earl of Hertford, 7th Earl of Gloucester was a powerful English noble. Also known as "Red" Gilbert de Clare, probably because of his hair colour.- Lineage :...
- Thomas de Burgh (c. 1292–1316)
- Catherine de Burgh (c. 1296 – 1 November 1331), married Maurice Fitzgerald, 1st Earl of DesmondMaurice FitzGerald, 1st Earl of DesmondMaurice FitzThomas FitzGerald, 1st Earl of Desmond was an Irish nobleman in the Peerage of Ireland, Captain of Desmond Castle in Kinsale, so-called ruler of Munster, and for a short time Lord Justice of Ireland....
- Edmond de BurghEdmond de BurghSir Edmund de Burgh, Irish knight and ancestor of the Burke family of Clanwilliam, 1298–1338.-Background:De Burgh was the fifth and last surviving son of Richard, Lord of Connaught and Earl of Ulster...
(b. c. 1298) - Joan de Burgh (c. 1300 – 23 April 1359), married firstly, Thomas FitzGerald, 2nd Earl of KildareThomas FitzGerald, 2nd Earl of KildareThomas FitzJohn FitzGerald, 2nd Earl of Kildare, Lord Offaly was a noble in the Peerage of Ireland and Lord Justice of Ireland....
, by whom she had issue, and secondly, Sir John Darcy, 1st Baron Darcy de KnaythJohn Darcy, 1st Baron Darcy de KnaythJohn Darcy, 1st Baron Darcy de Knayth , was an English peer.He was born circa 1280, probably at Knaith, Lincolnshire, the son of Roger de Darcy and Isabel D’Aton....
, by whom she had issue, including Elizabeth Darcy who married James ButlerJames Butler-Irish noblemen:*James Butler, 1st Earl of Ormonde *James Butler, 2nd Earl of Ormonde *James Butler, 3rd Earl of Ormonde *James Butler, 4th Earl of Ormonde *James Butler, 5th Earl of Ormonde...
, 2nd Earl of Ormond
Annalistic references
From the Annals of the Four MastersAnnals of the Four Masters
The Annals of the Kingdom of Ireland or the Annals of the Four Masters are a chronicle of medieval Irish history...
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- M1303.8.A great army was led by the King of England into Scotland; and the Red Earl and many of the Irish and English went with a large fleet from Ireland to his assistance. On this occasion they took many cities, and gained sway over Scotland. Theobald Burke, the Earl's brother, died after his return from this expedition, on Christmas night, at Carrickfergus.
- M1304.2. The Countess, wife of Richard Burke, Earl of Ulster, i.e. the Red Earl, and Walter de Burgo, heir of the same Earl, died.
- M1305.2. The new castle of Inishowen was erected by the Red Earl.
Family tree
Walter de Burgh of Burgh CastleBurgh Castle
Burgh Castle is a village and civil parish in the English county of Norfolk. It is situated on the east bank of the River Waveney, near Great Yarmouth, some 6 km west of Great Yarmouth and within the Broads National Park.-Roman Fort:...
, Norfolk
Norfolk
Norfolk is a low-lying county in the East of England. It has borders with Lincolnshire to the west, Cambridgeshire to the west and southwest and Suffolk to the south. Its northern and eastern boundaries are the North Sea coast and to the north-west the county is bordered by The Wash. The county...
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=Alice
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William de Burgh
William de Burgh
William de Burgh, founder of the de Burgh/Burke/Bourke family of Ireland, d. 1206.-In Ireland:He arrived in Ireland in 1185 and was closely associated with Prince John....
, died 1205. Hubert de Burgh, 1st Earl of Kent
Hubert de Burgh, 1st Earl of Kent
Hubert de Burgh, 1st Earl of Kent was Earl of Kent, Justiciar of England and Ireland, and one of the most influential men in England during the reigns of John and Henry III.-Birth and family:...
, d. 1243. Geoffrey de Burgh, d. 1228. Thomas de Burgh
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Richard Mór de Burgh, 1st Baron of Connaught Richard Óge de Burgh
Richard Óge de Burgh
Richard Óge de Burgh, Anglo-Irish noble and soldier, ancestor of Burke of Clanricarde, fl. early-to-mid 13th century.-Background:De Burgh was a younger, illegitimate son, of William de Burgh...
| (ancestor of Ulick Burke of Annaghkeen)
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Walter de Burgh, 1st Earl of Ulster
Walter de Burgh, 1st Earl of Ulster
Walter de Burgh was 2nd Lord of Connaught and 1st Earl of Ulster .De Burgh was the second son of Richard Mór de Burgh, 1st Lord of Connaught and Egidia de Lacy. He founded Athassel Priory....
William Óg de Burgh
William Og de Burgh
Sir William Óg de Burgh, Anglo-Irish noble and soldier, died 1270.Sir William Óg was the third son of Richard Mor de Burgh, Lord of Connaught. De Burgh served with distinction in France with King Henry III in 1245 and later in Scotland. He was involved in fierce feudal warfare in Ireland where he...
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Richard Óg de Burgh, 2nd Earl of Ulster Edmond Albanach de Burgh
Edmond Albanach de Burgh
-Early life:Edmond Albanach was the son of Sir William Liath de Burgh. He acquired his nickname from the time he spent in Scotland from the spring of 1316 as a hostage for his father, after the latter's release by Robert the Bruce.-Mac William Íochtar:...
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John de Burgh Edmond de Burgh
Edmond de Burgh
Sir Edmund de Burgh, Irish knight and ancestor of the Burke family of Clanwilliam, 1298–1338.-Background:De Burgh was the fifth and last surviving son of Richard, Lord of Connaught and Earl of Ulster...
, 1298-1338.
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William Donn de Burgh, 3rd Earl of Ulster
William Donn de Burgh, 3rd Earl of Ulster
William de Burgh, 3rd Earl of Ulster and 4th Baron of Connaught , was a noble in the Peerage of Ireland.-Background:...
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| Sir Richard, fl. 1387. Sir David, fl. 1387.
Elizabeth de Burgh, 4th Countess of Ulster
Elizabeth de Burgh, 4th Countess of Ulster
Elizabeth de Burgh, Duchess of Clarence, suo jure 4th Countess of Ulster and 5th Baroness of Connaught was a Norman-Irish noblewoman who married Lionel of Antwerp, 1st Duke of Clarence.- Family :...
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| Burke of Castleconnell
Castleconnell
Castleconnell is a scenic village on the banks of the River Shannon, some from Limerick city and within a few minutes walk of the boundaries with counties Clare and Tipperary....
Burke of Muskerryquirk
Philippa, 5th Countess of Ulster Burke of Brittas
Brittas
Brittas may refer to*Brittas, Dublin a village in South County Dublin, Ireland*Brittas Bay, a seaside resort in County Wicklow, Ireland*The Brittas Empire, a British sitcom...
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Roger Mortimer, 4th Earl of March