Regional Seat of Government
Encyclopedia
Regional Seats of Government or RSGs were the best known aspect of Britain's Civil Defence preparations against Nuclear War. In fact, however, naming conventions changed over the years as strategies in Whitehall
changed.
In the aftermath of the nuclear attack on Hiroshima
and the Russian acquisition of the Atom bomb, it was clear that London
could not survive a nuclear bombardment. Although considerable effort still went into secret construction of Military citadels under London
, the solution was to disperse the machinery of Government into small pieces in the provinces, where there would be a greater chance of survival.
Experiments along these lines had taken place during the Second World War
, when a system of Regional Commissioners existed and key departments were moved out of London to Bath, Harrogate
and Cheltenham
, among others. However, the idea of a Regional Commissioner dated back to the First World War
and the 1926 General Strike
.
was revived in 1948 by Act of Parliament
, and the next year it was decided to construct a network of two-storey, hardened War Rooms built on Government sites and with concrete walls ranging from five to seven feet thick.
Construction started in 1953 and was completed by 1965. The sites chosen were
Region 1 (Northern)
Kenton Bar outside Newcastle Upon Tyne, a former RAF operations room dating from 1940
Region 2 (North East)
Lawnswood, Leeds
Region 3 (North Midlands)
Chalfont Drive, Nottingham
Region 4 (Eastern)
Brooklands Avenue, Cambridge
Region 5 (London)
Five sub controls in the outer suburbs were established - see Civil defence centres in London
Region 6 (Southern)
Whiteknights Park, Reading
Region 7 (South West)
Flowers Hill, Bristol
Region 8 (Wales)
Coryton, Cardiff
Region 9 (West Midlands)
Shirley, Birmingham
Region 10 (Scotland)
Kirknewton, near Edinburgh
Region 11 (South East)
Tunbridge Wells
It was then expected that Central Government might itself cease to exist, and control would pass entirely into the hands of a Regional Commissioner, of Cabinet rank, who would wield absolute power in his region. His staff would replicate all parts of Central Government.
In tune with this philosophy of dispersal, work continued to refurbish and expand a former underground aircraft factory and ammunition store at Hawthorn, Wiltshire
, built in a vast complex of former Bath stone quarries near Bath, as a final emergency National Seat of Government.
In 1956 the Home Office issued a specification for a vastly expanded network of bunkers with space for 300 staff, capable of resisting a near miss, linked into communications systems such as the BBC, and capable of operating for several months.
However, in the following year Britain was hit by one of the recurrent economic crises which marked the 1950s and 1960s, and the plans had to be scaled back. In particular, the new RSGs were, wherever possible, to use existing facilities, with none in the end being purpose-built. This spirit of economy was to mark all UK preparations for nuclear war. They were completed between 1958 and 1961, and the construction was done in complete secrecy, with Parliament, as well as the public and the press, unaware of the work being carried out.
Region 1 (Northern)
Gaza Barracks, Catterick Camp, this did not provide real protected accommodation
Region 2 (North East)
Imphal Barracks, York
Region 3 (North Midlands)
Plans for a new site at Grantham were abandoned, as new assumptions about Soviet targeting strategy assumed that Nottingham would avoid heavy fallout, and so to save money the old War Room there was expanded to serve as the RSG
Region 4 (Eastern)
The existing War Room at Cambridge was expanded to serve as the RSG
Region 5 (London)
The five London War Rooms were retained
Region 6 (Southern)
Warren Row, near Henley on Thames, an underground aircraft components factory which dated from the Second World War and which provided limited accommodation
Region 7 (South West)
Bolt Head, near Salcombe in south Devon. This was a former protected radar station, one of dozens built by the RAF under the ROTOR
Plan, only to find that the pace of military development, in particular the development of new radar technologies, and replacement of manned aircraft by guided missiles, was faster than construction, so leaving a whole set of bunkers redundant
Region 8 (Wales)
The army barracks at Brecon
Region 9 (West Midlands)
The Drakelow Tunnels
, near Kidderminster. Another underground factory from the World War Two era, built to handle dispersed aircraft engine production by the Rover company.
Region 10 (North West)
Fulwood Barracks, Preston, as at Catterick, there was no real protected accommodation here.
Region 11 (Northern Ireland)
Regional War Room, Mount Eden Park, Belfast
Another former ROTOR station - Barnton Quarry
in the Western outskirts of Edinburgh, became the Scottish National HQ, with three subsidiary bunkers, North Zone at Anstruther in Fife, another former ROTOR station, East Zone using the former War Room at Kirknewton, and West zone taking over a former anti aircraft control station at East Kilbride.
The existence of the entire network was blown open in 1963, when a small group called Spies for Peace
, acting on a tip-off, broke into RSG6 at Warren Row and - anonymously - produced a pamphlet exposing the network, Danger! Official Secret. The Spies For Peace were never caught and the result was a political scandal.
The RSGs entered public consciousness - evidently, the Government was spending large amounts of taxpayers' money to protect itself while doing nothing for the mass of the population who faced annihilation in a nuclear war. Investigations by other journalists uncovered and published the sites of most of the other bunkers in the network, and despite this being technically illegal, none were ever prosecuted.
Yet by this time the structure of Civil Defence was changing again, as the Government realised that a more flexible system of protected Sub-Regional Controls (SRC) was needed in order to revive a link between Central Government and local authorities who would bear the brunt of post attack Civil Defense planning. Regional Seats of Government would not now be hardened structures and would be established as soon as possible after attack, under pre-arranged plans at locations that would be selected in the light of circumstances.
More ex ROTOR stations was pressed into services, and a handful of reinforced basements were built under Government office blocks to serve as SRCs. However financial stringency again meant that this plan was never fully carried out and the complete network of SRCs was never built.
Region 1 (Northern)
Hexham in the Border Country, using a former hardened cold store from the Second World War.
Region 2 (North East)
Bempton, a former ROTOR bunker on the Yorkshire coast, and Conisbrough near Doncaster, a former anti-aircraft operations bunker.
Region 3 (North Midlands)
Skendleby
, located in a very remote area of rural Lincolnshire, a former ROTOR bunker, and Loughborough, a former hardened cold store.
Region 4 (Eastern)
Bawburgh outside Norwich, a former ROTOR bunker, and Hertford, a new SRC built under Sovereign House, a government office block in the town.
Region 5 (London)
Kelvedon Hatch
, near Brentwood in Essex, a very deeply buried former ROTOR bunker.
Region 6 (Southern) -
Basingstoke, a protected basement built under the HQ of the Civil Service Commission.
Dover Castle (protected accommodation dated back to the Napoleonic wars, but a large citadel was built here for naval operations during the Second World War) plus Stoughton Barracks, Guildford.
Region 7 (South West)
The Bolt Head RSG and Ullenwood, a former anti-aircraft control on a hilltop site near Cheltenham Spa.
Region 8 (Wales)
A former ammunitions storage bunker at Brackla Hill, Bridgend. Sites for a north Wales SRC were considered at Llandudno Junction as well as a protected basement under Government buildings at Ruthin, but neither came to fruition.
Region 9 (West Midlands)
The Drakelow RSG and a former ammunitions store at Swynnerton, Staffordshire.
Region 10 (North West)
There was little existing protected accommodation in the north west and so a brand new SRC was built under a technical college at Southport.
Region 11 (Northern Ireland)
Regional War Room, Mount Eden Park, Belfast
The situation in Scotland remained the same. By the 1970s, the risk of war had receded dramatically, and Britain had been forced to devalue the Pound. So this network was reduced to a Care and Maintenance basis only. There was no new construction and no renovation of surplus military accommodation. Investment in communications was almost negligible, and in the event of a nuclear war, the infrastructure would have been completely useless.
The coming to power of Margaret Thatcher
in 1979 led to the last hurrah of UK Civil defence. A review in 1980 called for the network to be recast as Regional Government Headquarters (RGHQ), which would be equipped with up to date communications and either based on the existing SRCs or housed in completely new accommodation. The programme was slow to start however, and three new sites, carried on again in complete secrecy, were not completed until the 1980s with only a few years to go before the end of the Cold War
made Civil Defence entirely redundant (the cost of the new bunkers was claimed to be £80 million each.)
Region 1 (Scotland)
A purpose-built HQ was constructed on a military base at Cultybraggan near Stirling
Region 2 (North East)
Hexham
Region 3 (North Midlands)
Skendleby and Loughborough
Region 4 (Eastern)
Bawburgh and Hertford
Region 5 (London)
Kelvedon Hatch
Region 6 (Southern)
Crowborough in Sussex (the Basingstoke site suffered from leaks.) A bunker had been built here during the Second World War to broadcast to occupied Europe under the code name Aspidistra.
Region 7 (South West)
The Bolt Head RSG/SRC and a new bunker to replace Ullenwood (which was too small) at Chilmark near Salisbury - an odd choice of location as a different bunker at Chilmark was used by the RAF for storing nuclear warheads.
Region 8 (Wales)
Brackla Hill, Bridgend and Wrexham, the latter based the former No 17 Group HQ Royal Observer Corps
at Borras, Wrexham
which had become redundant in September 1991 with the disbanding of the ROC
Region 9 (West Midlands)
Drakelow and Swynnerton
Region 10 (North West)
Hack Green, a former ROTOR bunker near Nantwich, Cheshire, and Longley Lane at Goosnargh
near Preston, a former Royal Observer Corps bunker dating back to the Second World War. The Southport SRC had to be abandoned as it suffered from flooding.
Region 11 (Northern Ireland)
Woodside Industrial Estate, Ballymena, County Antrim - Purpose built two storey semi sunk protected bunker. Declared operational 1989.
Some, such as Warren Row, became protected storage facilities operated by security companies. Others - many of them contaminated by asbestos - were simply abandoned. Those at Hexham, Loughborough and Kirknewton were demolished. The Tunbridge Wells war room has also been demolished (taking three months to accomplish rather than the planned-for two weeks). Crowborough is used by the Sussex police for training, whilst Cultybraggan first returned to Army use and is now owned by the local community in Comrie. A handful - Kelvedon Hatch, Hack Green, Dover and Anstruther - became museums.
Whitehall
Whitehall is a road in Westminster, in London, England. It is the main artery running north from Parliament Square, towards Charing Cross at the southern end of Trafalgar Square...
changed.
In the aftermath of the nuclear attack on Hiroshima
Hiroshima
is the capital of Hiroshima Prefecture, and the largest city in the Chūgoku region of western Honshu, the largest island of Japan. It became best known as the first city in history to be destroyed by a nuclear weapon when the United States Army Air Forces dropped an atomic bomb on it at 8:15 A.M...
and the Russian acquisition of the Atom bomb, it was clear that London
London
London is the capital city of :England and the :United Kingdom, the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom, and the largest urban zone in the European Union by most measures. Located on the River Thames, London has been a major settlement for two millennia, its history going back to its...
could not survive a nuclear bombardment. Although considerable effort still went into secret construction of Military citadels under London
Military citadels under London
A number of military citadels are known to have been constructed underground in central London, dating mostly from the Second World War and the Cold War...
, the solution was to disperse the machinery of Government into small pieces in the provinces, where there would be a greater chance of survival.
Experiments along these lines had taken place during the Second World War
World War II
World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...
, when a system of Regional Commissioners existed and key departments were moved out of London to Bath, Harrogate
Harrogate
Harrogate is a spa town in North Yorkshire, England. The town is a tourist destination and its visitor attractions include its spa waters, RHS Harlow Carr gardens, and Betty's Tea Rooms. From the town one can explore the nearby Yorkshire Dales national park. Harrogate originated in the 17th...
and Cheltenham
Cheltenham
Cheltenham , also known as Cheltenham Spa, is a large spa town and borough in Gloucestershire, on the edge of the Cotswolds in the South-West region of England. It is the home of the flagship race of British steeplechase horse racing, the Gold Cup, the main event of the Cheltenham Festival held...
, among others. However, the idea of a Regional Commissioner dated back to the First World War
World War I
World War I , which was predominantly called the World War or the Great War from its occurrence until 1939, and the First World War or World War I thereafter, was a major war centred in Europe that began on 28 July 1914 and lasted until 11 November 1918...
and the 1926 General Strike
General strike
A general strike is a strike action by a critical mass of the labour force in a city, region, or country. While a general strike can be for political goals, economic goals, or both, it tends to gain its momentum from the ideological or class sympathies of the participants...
.
From the Second World War to the H-bomb
The Civil Defence CorpsCivil Defence Corps
The Civil Defence Corps was a civilian volunteer organisation established in Great Britain in 1949 to take control in the aftermath of a nuclear attack. It was stood down in Great Britain in 1968...
was revived in 1948 by Act of Parliament
Act of Parliament
An Act of Parliament is a statute enacted as primary legislation by a national or sub-national parliament. In the Republic of Ireland the term Act of the Oireachtas is used, and in the United States the term Act of Congress is used.In Commonwealth countries, the term is used both in a narrow...
, and the next year it was decided to construct a network of two-storey, hardened War Rooms built on Government sites and with concrete walls ranging from five to seven feet thick.
Construction started in 1953 and was completed by 1965. The sites chosen were
Region 1 (Northern)
Kenton Bar outside Newcastle Upon Tyne, a former RAF operations room dating from 1940
Region 2 (North East)
Lawnswood, Leeds
Region 3 (North Midlands)
Chalfont Drive, Nottingham
Region 4 (Eastern)
Brooklands Avenue, Cambridge
Region 5 (London)
Five sub controls in the outer suburbs were established - see Civil defence centres in London
Civil defence centres in London
During the Cold War every London Borough was obliged to have a Civil Defence centre. These were controversial structures as it was widely believed that planning for the aftermath of nuclear war was both expensive and pointless....
Region 6 (Southern)
Whiteknights Park, Reading
Region 7 (South West)
Flowers Hill, Bristol
Region 8 (Wales)
Coryton, Cardiff
Region 9 (West Midlands)
Shirley, Birmingham
Region 10 (Scotland)
Kirknewton, near Edinburgh
Region 11 (South East)
Tunbridge Wells
The H-bomb era
Yet by the time the last of the War Rooms was completed, the development of the Hydrogen bomb made them anachronistic. Instead of a long war, planners now expected a short devastating attack on major cities. The War Rooms were built too close to major population centres, and with a staff of only 45, were insufficient for the dispersed network that Civil Defence planners then thought would be required.It was then expected that Central Government might itself cease to exist, and control would pass entirely into the hands of a Regional Commissioner, of Cabinet rank, who would wield absolute power in his region. His staff would replicate all parts of Central Government.
In tune with this philosophy of dispersal, work continued to refurbish and expand a former underground aircraft factory and ammunition store at Hawthorn, Wiltshire
Hawthorn, Wiltshire
Hawthorn is the location of a number of defence related underground facilities in the vicinity of Corsham, Wiltshire. Specifically the Hawthorn site was the location of an above-ground bunker used for the planning of satellite communications support to the United Kingdom's armed forces worldwide. ...
, built in a vast complex of former Bath stone quarries near Bath, as a final emergency National Seat of Government.
In 1956 the Home Office issued a specification for a vastly expanded network of bunkers with space for 300 staff, capable of resisting a near miss, linked into communications systems such as the BBC, and capable of operating for several months.
However, in the following year Britain was hit by one of the recurrent economic crises which marked the 1950s and 1960s, and the plans had to be scaled back. In particular, the new RSGs were, wherever possible, to use existing facilities, with none in the end being purpose-built. This spirit of economy was to mark all UK preparations for nuclear war. They were completed between 1958 and 1961, and the construction was done in complete secrecy, with Parliament, as well as the public and the press, unaware of the work being carried out.
RSGs
The Regional Seats of Government were;Region 1 (Northern)
Gaza Barracks, Catterick Camp, this did not provide real protected accommodation
Region 2 (North East)
Imphal Barracks, York
Region 3 (North Midlands)
Plans for a new site at Grantham were abandoned, as new assumptions about Soviet targeting strategy assumed that Nottingham would avoid heavy fallout, and so to save money the old War Room there was expanded to serve as the RSG
Region 4 (Eastern)
The existing War Room at Cambridge was expanded to serve as the RSG
Region 5 (London)
The five London War Rooms were retained
Region 6 (Southern)
Warren Row, near Henley on Thames, an underground aircraft components factory which dated from the Second World War and which provided limited accommodation
Region 7 (South West)
Bolt Head, near Salcombe in south Devon. This was a former protected radar station, one of dozens built by the RAF under the ROTOR
ROTOR
ROTOR was a huge and elaborate air defence radar system built by the British Government in the early 1950s to counter possible attack by Soviet bombers...
Plan, only to find that the pace of military development, in particular the development of new radar technologies, and replacement of manned aircraft by guided missiles, was faster than construction, so leaving a whole set of bunkers redundant
Region 8 (Wales)
The army barracks at Brecon
Region 9 (West Midlands)
The Drakelow Tunnels
Drakelow Tunnels
The Drakelow Tunnels are a former underground military complex beneath the Kingsford Country Park near the village of Kinver, Staffordshire, which cover...
, near Kidderminster. Another underground factory from the World War Two era, built to handle dispersed aircraft engine production by the Rover company.
Region 10 (North West)
Fulwood Barracks, Preston, as at Catterick, there was no real protected accommodation here.
Region 11 (Northern Ireland)
Regional War Room, Mount Eden Park, Belfast
Another former ROTOR station - Barnton Quarry
Barnton Quarry
Barnton Quarry is a ROTOR bunker of the R4 type in Clermiston, Edinburgh. It was built in 1952 as the SOC for correlating information from ROTOR radar stations throughout Scotland...
in the Western outskirts of Edinburgh, became the Scottish National HQ, with three subsidiary bunkers, North Zone at Anstruther in Fife, another former ROTOR station, East Zone using the former War Room at Kirknewton, and West zone taking over a former anti aircraft control station at East Kilbride.
The existence of the entire network was blown open in 1963, when a small group called Spies for Peace
Spies for Peace
The Spies for Peace was a group of anti-war activists associated with the Committee of 100 who publicized government preparations for rule after a nuclear war. In 1963 they broke into a secret government bunker, Regional Seat of Government Number 6 at Warren Row, near Reading, where they...
, acting on a tip-off, broke into RSG6 at Warren Row and - anonymously - produced a pamphlet exposing the network, Danger! Official Secret. The Spies For Peace were never caught and the result was a political scandal.
The RSGs entered public consciousness - evidently, the Government was spending large amounts of taxpayers' money to protect itself while doing nothing for the mass of the population who faced annihilation in a nuclear war. Investigations by other journalists uncovered and published the sites of most of the other bunkers in the network, and despite this being technically illegal, none were ever prosecuted.
Yet by this time the structure of Civil Defence was changing again, as the Government realised that a more flexible system of protected Sub-Regional Controls (SRC) was needed in order to revive a link between Central Government and local authorities who would bear the brunt of post attack Civil Defense planning. Regional Seats of Government would not now be hardened structures and would be established as soon as possible after attack, under pre-arranged plans at locations that would be selected in the light of circumstances.
More ex ROTOR stations was pressed into services, and a handful of reinforced basements were built under Government office blocks to serve as SRCs. However financial stringency again meant that this plan was never fully carried out and the complete network of SRCs was never built.
Post Civil Defence corps
By the time that the Civil Defence Corps was run down in 1968, following yet another economic crisis, the network was as follows:Region 1 (Northern)
Hexham in the Border Country, using a former hardened cold store from the Second World War.
Region 2 (North East)
Bempton, a former ROTOR bunker on the Yorkshire coast, and Conisbrough near Doncaster, a former anti-aircraft operations bunker.
Region 3 (North Midlands)
Skendleby
Skendleby
Skendleby is a small village and civil parish, located near to the A158 and lies about four miles north east of the town of Spilsby in Lincolnshire and 34.8 miles due east of the county town Lincoln....
, located in a very remote area of rural Lincolnshire, a former ROTOR bunker, and Loughborough, a former hardened cold store.
Region 4 (Eastern)
Bawburgh outside Norwich, a former ROTOR bunker, and Hertford, a new SRC built under Sovereign House, a government office block in the town.
Region 5 (London)
Kelvedon Hatch
Kelvedon Hatch Secret Nuclear Bunker
The Secret Nuclear Bunker at Kelvedon Hatch, in the Borough of Brentwood in the English county of Essex, is a large underground bunker maintained during the cold war as a potential regional government headquarters...
, near Brentwood in Essex, a very deeply buried former ROTOR bunker.
Region 6 (Southern) -
Basingstoke, a protected basement built under the HQ of the Civil Service Commission.
Dover Castle (protected accommodation dated back to the Napoleonic wars, but a large citadel was built here for naval operations during the Second World War) plus Stoughton Barracks, Guildford.
Region 7 (South West)
The Bolt Head RSG and Ullenwood, a former anti-aircraft control on a hilltop site near Cheltenham Spa.
Region 8 (Wales)
A former ammunitions storage bunker at Brackla Hill, Bridgend. Sites for a north Wales SRC were considered at Llandudno Junction as well as a protected basement under Government buildings at Ruthin, but neither came to fruition.
Region 9 (West Midlands)
The Drakelow RSG and a former ammunitions store at Swynnerton, Staffordshire.
Region 10 (North West)
There was little existing protected accommodation in the north west and so a brand new SRC was built under a technical college at Southport.
Region 11 (Northern Ireland)
Regional War Room, Mount Eden Park, Belfast
The situation in Scotland remained the same. By the 1970s, the risk of war had receded dramatically, and Britain had been forced to devalue the Pound. So this network was reduced to a Care and Maintenance basis only. There was no new construction and no renovation of surplus military accommodation. Investment in communications was almost negligible, and in the event of a nuclear war, the infrastructure would have been completely useless.
The coming to power of Margaret Thatcher
Margaret Thatcher
Margaret Hilda Thatcher, Baroness Thatcher, was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1979 to 1990...
in 1979 led to the last hurrah of UK Civil defence. A review in 1980 called for the network to be recast as Regional Government Headquarters (RGHQ), which would be equipped with up to date communications and either based on the existing SRCs or housed in completely new accommodation. The programme was slow to start however, and three new sites, carried on again in complete secrecy, were not completed until the 1980s with only a few years to go before the end of the Cold War
Cold War
The Cold War was the continuing state from roughly 1946 to 1991 of political conflict, military tension, proxy wars, and economic competition between the Communist World—primarily the Soviet Union and its satellite states and allies—and the powers of the Western world, primarily the United States...
made Civil Defence entirely redundant (the cost of the new bunkers was claimed to be £80 million each.)
Last phase of Cold War
The final shape of secret dispersed regional government in the UK looked like this.Region 1 (Scotland)
A purpose-built HQ was constructed on a military base at Cultybraggan near Stirling
Region 2 (North East)
Hexham
Region 3 (North Midlands)
Skendleby and Loughborough
Region 4 (Eastern)
Bawburgh and Hertford
Region 5 (London)
Kelvedon Hatch
Region 6 (Southern)
Crowborough in Sussex (the Basingstoke site suffered from leaks.) A bunker had been built here during the Second World War to broadcast to occupied Europe under the code name Aspidistra.
Region 7 (South West)
The Bolt Head RSG/SRC and a new bunker to replace Ullenwood (which was too small) at Chilmark near Salisbury - an odd choice of location as a different bunker at Chilmark was used by the RAF for storing nuclear warheads.
Region 8 (Wales)
Brackla Hill, Bridgend and Wrexham, the latter based the former No 17 Group HQ Royal Observer Corps
Royal Observer Corps
The Royal Observer Corps was a civil defence organisation operating in the United Kingdom between 29 October 1925 and 31 December 1995, when the Corps' civilian volunteers were stood down....
at Borras, Wrexham
Borras
Borras is an area to the north-east of Wrexham, Wales. It is part of the community of Holt.The nearby residential area of Borras Park is named after Borras but is part of the community of Acton, Wrexham.-Early history:...
which had become redundant in September 1991 with the disbanding of the ROC
Region 9 (West Midlands)
Drakelow and Swynnerton
Region 10 (North West)
Hack Green, a former ROTOR bunker near Nantwich, Cheshire, and Longley Lane at Goosnargh
Goosnargh
Goosnargh is a village and civil parish on the north side of Preston, Lancashire, England. The village lies between Broughton and Longridge, and mostly lies in the civil parish of Whittingham, although the ancient centre lies in the civil parish of Goosnargh...
near Preston, a former Royal Observer Corps bunker dating back to the Second World War. The Southport SRC had to be abandoned as it suffered from flooding.
Region 11 (Northern Ireland)
Woodside Industrial Estate, Ballymena, County Antrim - Purpose built two storey semi sunk protected bunker. Declared operational 1989.
Post Cold War
By 1992, the end of the Cold War, brought about by the collapse of the Soviet Union, meant this network was now a luxury. Faced with - again - the need for economy, the UK government began to run down the network. The bunkers were closed one by one and sold off to the private sector where buyers could be found.Some, such as Warren Row, became protected storage facilities operated by security companies. Others - many of them contaminated by asbestos - were simply abandoned. Those at Hexham, Loughborough and Kirknewton were demolished. The Tunbridge Wells war room has also been demolished (taking three months to accomplish rather than the planned-for two weeks). Crowborough is used by the Sussex police for training, whilst Cultybraggan first returned to Army use and is now owned by the local community in Comrie. A handful - Kelvedon Hatch, Hack Green, Dover and Anstruther - became museums.
External links
- Subterranea Britannica (Web site concerning UK underground secret sites.)