Reformist Inititiative Circles
Encyclopedia
The Circles of Reformist Initiative (Circoli di Iniziativa Riformista) was a social-democratic
faction within Forza Italia
, a political party in Italy.
Its members were mainly former members of the Italian Democratic Socialist Party
(PSDI), a centrist
social-democratic party which has been a minor but influent political force in Italy
between 1947 and 1994, and its leader was Senator Carlo Vizzini
, former minister and leader of PSDI. The goal of the faction was to unite all the members of Forza Italia who come from either that party or the Italian Socialist Party
(PSI). When Forza Italia was merged into The People of Freedom
in 2009, Vizzini launched European Reformists
, a social-democratic think tank, that replaced the Circles.
Social democracy
Social democracy is a political ideology of the center-left on the political spectrum. Social democracy is officially a form of evolutionary reformist socialism. It supports class collaboration as the course to achieve socialism...
faction within Forza Italia
Forza Italia
Forza Italia was a liberal-conservative, Christian democratic, and liberal political party in Italy, with a large social democratic minority, that was led by Silvio Berlusconi, four times Prime Minister of Italy....
, a political party in Italy.
Its members were mainly former members of the Italian Democratic Socialist Party
Italian Democratic Socialist Party
The Italian Democratic Socialist Party is a minor social-democratic political party in Italy. Mimmo Magistro is the party leader. The PSDI, before the 1990s decline in votes and members, had been an important force in Italian politics, being the longest serving partner in government for Christian...
(PSDI), a centrist
Centrism
In politics, centrism is the ideal or the practice of promoting policies that lie different from the standard political left and political right. Most commonly, this is visualized as part of the one-dimensional political spectrum of left-right politics, with centrism landing in the middle between...
social-democratic party which has been a minor but influent political force in Italy
Italy
Italy , officially the Italian Republic languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Italy's official name is as follows:;;;;;;;;), is a unitary parliamentary republic in South-Central Europe. To the north it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and...
between 1947 and 1994, and its leader was Senator Carlo Vizzini
Carlo Vizzini
-Political life:Vizzini was Secretary of the Italian Democratic Socialist Party from 1992 to 1993, Minister of Mails, and Minister for Cultural Assets and Activities , and was a member of the Italian Senate from Sicily for Forza Italia and latterly The People of Freedom...
, former minister and leader of PSDI. The goal of the faction was to unite all the members of Forza Italia who come from either that party or the Italian Socialist Party
Italian Socialist Party
The Italian Socialist Party was a socialist and later social-democratic political party in Italy founded in Genoa in 1892.Once the dominant leftist party in Italy, it was eclipsed in status by the Italian Communist Party following World War II...
(PSI). When Forza Italia was merged into The People of Freedom
The People of Freedom
The People of Freedom is a centre-right political party in Italy. With the Democratic Party, it is one of the two major parties of the current Italian party system....
in 2009, Vizzini launched European Reformists
European Reformists
European Reformists is a social-democratic faction within The People of Freedom, a political party in Italy.The faction aims to "promote the culture of liberal and socialist reformism in the context of a Europe aware of its role in the new international scenarios" and is composed mainly of former...
, a social-democratic think tank, that replaced the Circles.