Ravano dalle Carceri
Encyclopedia
Ravano dalle Carceri was a Lombard
Lombardy
Lombardy is one of the 20 regions of Italy. The capital is Milan. One-sixth of Italy's population lives in Lombardy and about one fifth of Italy's GDP is produced in this region, making it the most populous and richest region in the country and one of the richest in the whole of Europe...

 nobleman. He was one of the first triarchs of Negroponte
Lordship of Negroponte
The Lordship of Negroponte was a crusader state established on the island of Euboea after the partition of the Byzantine Empire following the Fourth Crusade. Partitioned into three baronies run by a few interrelated Lombard families, the island soon fell under the influence of the Republic of...

 from 1205.

In August 1205 Ravano was among those who led forces in the capture of the island of Euboea
Euboea
Euboea is the second largest Greek island in area and population, after Crete. The narrow Euripus Strait separates it from Boeotia in mainland Greece. In general outline it is a long and narrow, seahorse-shaped island; it is about long, and varies in breadth from to...

 from the Byzantine Empire
Byzantine Empire
The Byzantine Empire was the Eastern Roman Empire during the periods of Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, centred on the capital of Constantinople. Known simply as the Roman Empire or Romania to its inhabitants and neighbours, the Empire was the direct continuation of the Ancient Roman State...

 as part of the Fourth Crusade
Fourth Crusade
The Fourth Crusade was originally intended to conquer Muslim-controlled Jerusalem by means of an invasion through Egypt. Instead, in April 1204, the Crusaders of Western Europe invaded and conquered the Christian city of Constantinople, capital of the Eastern Roman Empire...

. The island was made subject to the Kingdom of Thessalonica
Kingdom of Thessalonica
The Kingdom of Thessalonica was a short-lived Crusader State founded after the Fourth Crusade over the conquered Byzantine lands.- Background :...

 and placed under the direct control of Jacques d'Avesnes, who, acting in the name of King Boniface, divided the island into thirds, granting the southern third, centred around Karystos
Karystos
Karystos is a small coastal town on the Greek island of Euboea. It has about 7,000 inhabitants. It lies 129 km south of Chalkis. From Athens it is accessible by ferry via Marmari from the Rafina port...

 and Larmena, to Ravano. The rulers of Euboea (Negroponte to the Italians) were called terzieri or triarchs: rulers of thirds.

In 1207, Ravano assisted Marco I Sanudo in the conquest of Naxos
Duchy of the Archipelago
The Duchy of the Archipelago or also Duchy of Naxos or Duchy of the Aegean was a maritime state created by Venetian interests in the Cyclades archipelago in the Aegean Sea, in the aftermath of the Fourth Crusade, centered on the islands of Naxos and Paros.-Background and establishment of the...

. Around that time he also foiled the conspiracy of Oberto II of Biandrate
Oberto II of Biandrate
Oberto, Uberto, or Umberto II was the Count of Biandrate in Lombardy and a participant in the Fourth Crusade.Oberto was a companion of Boniface of Montferrat on the Fourth Crusade. After Boniface' elevation to King of Thessalonica and his death, Oberto became acting regent for his son Demetrius...

, his former ally, who had planned to take the life of the Emperor Henry
Henry of Flanders
Henry was the second emperor of the Latin Empire of Constantinople. He was a younger son of Baldwin V, Count of Hainaut , and Margaret I of Flanders, sister of Philip of Alsace, count of Flanders....

. In 1209, after fellow triarchs Peccoraro de' Peccorari and Giberto da Verona (a relative of Ravano), had returned to Italy and died, respectively, Ravano seized control of the whole island and rebelled against his nominal suzerain, now Demetrius. The Republic of Venice
Republic of Venice
The Republic of Venice or Venetian Republic was a state originating from the city of Venice in Northeastern Italy. It existed for over a millennium, from the late 7th century until 1797. It was formally known as the Most Serene Republic of Venice and is often referred to as La Serenissima, in...

 recognised his independence as Lord of Negroponte and he accepted Venetian suzerainty in March. He was successful in maintaining his rule until his death.

Ravano had agreed to marry Isabella, the wife of another man, sometime prior to 25 May 1212, when, after she was widowed, the Archbishop of Athens received dispensation from Pope Innocent III
Pope Innocent III
Pope Innocent III was Pope from 8 January 1198 until his death. His birth name was Lotario dei Conti di Segni, sometimes anglicised to Lothar of Segni....

 to perform the marriage. Ravano made no provision for his principality in light of his death and it was left to the Venetian bailiff
Bailiff
A bailiff is a governor or custodian ; a legal officer to whom some degree of authority, care or jurisdiction is committed...

 to divide Euboea into sixths in 1217. The northern third, with capital at Oreoi
Oreoi
Oreoi is a village and a former municipality in Euboea, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Istiaia-Aidipsos, of which it is a municipal unit. Population 3,392 . It is the home of a large marble statue of a bull from a funerary monument of the 4th century...

, was divided between Ravano's nephews, Merino I and Rizzardo; the southern third, with capital at Karystos
Karystos
Karystos is a small coastal town on the Greek island of Euboea. It has about 7,000 inhabitants. It lies 129 km south of Chalkis. From Athens it is accessible by ferry via Marmari from the Rafina port...

, was divided between his widow, Isabella, and his daughter, Bertha; and the central third with the island's capital, Chalkis, was divided between Giberto's heirs, Guglielmo I and Alberto.

Ravano's wife may have been the trobairitz
Trobairitz
The trobairitz were Occitan female troubadours of the 12th and 13th centuries, active from around 1170 to approximately 1260. The word trobairitz was first used in the 13th-century romance Flamenca. It comes from the Provençal word trobar, the literal meaning of which is "to find", and the...

 Ysabella
Ysabella (trobairitz)
Ysabel or Ysabella was a 13th-century trobairitz. Almost nothing is known about her with certainty, but many conjectures have been put forward...

.

Sources

  • Bury, John B. "The Lombards and Venetians in Euboia (1205–1303)." Journal of Hellenic Studies
    Journal of Hellenic Studies
    The Journal of Hellenic Studies is a peer-reviewed academic journal which contains articles that pertain to Hellenic studies, i.e. the language, literature, history, and archaeology of the ancient Greek world, and reviews of recent books of importance to Hellenic studies. It is published annually...

    , 7 (1886), pp. 309–352.
  • Charanis, Peter. "The Monastic Properties and the State in the Byzantine Empire." Dumbarton Oaks Papers
    Dumbarton Oaks Papers
    Dumbarton Oaks Papers is an academic journal founded in 1941 for the publication of articles relating to civilizations of the late antique, early medieval, and Byzantine periods....

    , 4 (1948), pp. 51–118.
  • Fotheringham, J. K. "Genoa and the Fourth Crusade." English Historical Review, 25:97 (Jan., 1910), pp. 26–57.
  • Longnon, Jean (1969). "The Frankish States in Greece, 1204–1311" in: Kenneth M. Setton, gen. ed. A History of the Crusades, II: The Later Crusades, 1189 – 1311, Robert Lee Wolff and Harry W. Hazard, edd. (University of Wisconsin Press: Milwaukee.)
  • Wolf, Robert Lee (1969). "The Latin Empire of Constantinople, 1204–1261" in: Kenneth M. Setton, gen. ed. A History of the Crusades, II: The Later Crusades, 1189 – 1311, Robert Lee Wolff and Harry W. Hazard, edd. (University of Wisconsin Press: Milwaukee.)

External links

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