Radviliškis
Encyclopedia
Radviliškis is a city in the Radviliškis district municipality
, Šiauliai County
, Lithuania
. Radviliškis has been the administrative center of the district since 1950, and is an important railway junction.
and Poland
, granted the right of holding a market
to it.
Radviliškis was devastated many times by military forces, plaque and hunger in the 17th – 19th centuries. There were no citizens left in Radviliškis after the plague
in 1708–1710.
Town growth began when the Liepāja
–Romny
railway line, crossing the town, was built in 1870 and Radviliškis–Daugavpils
line was built in 1873. Railwaymen constituted the majority of the residents.
In 1999, a sculpture of the Victory goddess Nike
was unveiled in the center of Radviliškis to commemorate the eightieth anniversary of the victory over the united German
–Russia
n West Russian Volunteer Army
. It was created by sculptor P. Mazuras.
A rising and light-emitting horse, representing communication, motion, city development and flourishing, is depicted in the coat of arms
of Radviliškis. The light is a symbol of civilization's role in the city development. It was created by artist Laima Ramonienė in 1992.
s, was famous for its railway and black-from-locomotive-smoke sparrows.
The three symbols of the town are the railways, club rush, and black sparrow
s.
There are Evangelical-reformed, Protestant, Lutheran, and Orthodox chapels, Jewish synagogues and Catholic Churches in Radviliškis.
The stone windmill of Radviliškis was erected in remembrance of the violent and triumphant battles in 1919 against the German–Russian armed forces.
The wooden belfry of Radviliškis parish's Blessed Virgin Mary church of the Immaculate Conception is a topical architecture monument. It was set in 1878. The belfry burned twice. It was reconstructed in 1984.
Radviliškis district municipality
Radviliškis district municipality is one of the seven municipalities of Šiauliai County in Lithuania. Radviliškis town has been its center since 1950.Radviliškis district has 13 subdivisions or elderships .-Industry:...
, Šiauliai County
Šiauliai County
Šiauliai County is one of ten counties in Lithuania. It is in the north of the country, and its capital is Šiauliai...
, Lithuania
Lithuania
Lithuania , officially the Republic of Lithuania is a country in Northern Europe, the biggest of the three Baltic states. It is situated along the southeastern shore of the Baltic Sea, whereby to the west lie Sweden and Denmark...
. Radviliškis has been the administrative center of the district since 1950, and is an important railway junction.
History
Radviliškis was founded at the end of the 15th century. It was first mentioned in the book on state economics by M. Downar-Zapolsky listing the cities taxpayers in 1567. In 1687, Jan Sobieski, the king of LithuaniaLithuania
Lithuania , officially the Republic of Lithuania is a country in Northern Europe, the biggest of the three Baltic states. It is situated along the southeastern shore of the Baltic Sea, whereby to the west lie Sweden and Denmark...
and Poland
Poland
Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north...
, granted the right of holding a market
Market town
Market town or market right is a legal term, originating in the medieval period, for a European settlement that has the right to host markets, distinguishing it from a village and city...
to it.
Radviliškis was devastated many times by military forces, plaque and hunger in the 17th – 19th centuries. There were no citizens left in Radviliškis after the plague
Bubonic plague
Plague is a deadly infectious disease that is caused by the enterobacteria Yersinia pestis, named after the French-Swiss bacteriologist Alexandre Yersin. Primarily carried by rodents and spread to humans via fleas, the disease is notorious throughout history, due to the unrivaled scale of death...
in 1708–1710.
Liepaja
Liepāja ; ), is a republican city in western Latvia, located on the Baltic Sea directly at 21°E. It is the largest city in the Kurzeme Region of Latvia, the third largest city in Latvia after Riga and Daugavpils and an important ice-free port...
–Romny
Romny
Romny is a city in the northern Ukrainian Oblast of Sumy. It is located on the Romen River and is the administrative center of the Romny Raion...
railway line, crossing the town, was built in 1870 and Radviliškis–Daugavpils
Daugavpils
Daugavpils is a city in southeastern Latvia, located on the banks of the Daugava River, from which the city gets its name. Daugavpils literally means "Daugava Castle". With a population of over 100,000, it is the second largest city in the country after the capital Riga, which is located some...
line was built in 1873. Railwaymen constituted the majority of the residents.
In 1999, a sculpture of the Victory goddess Nike
Nike (mythology)
In Greek mythology, Nike was a goddess who personified victory, also known as the Winged Goddess of Victory. The Roman equivalent was Victoria. Depending upon the time of various myths, she was described as the daughter of Pallas and Styx and the sister of Kratos , Bia , and Zelus...
was unveiled in the center of Radviliškis to commemorate the eightieth anniversary of the victory over the united German
Germany
Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...
–Russia
Russia
Russia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...
n West Russian Volunteer Army
West Russian Volunteer Army
The West Russian Volunteer Army or Bermontians was an army in the Baltic provinces of the former Russian Empire during the Russian Civil War of 1918-1920....
. It was created by sculptor P. Mazuras.
Name and coat of arms
Supposedly, the name originated from the name of the noble Radziwiłł (Radvila) family. This family ruled Radviliškis for more than 200 years, from 1546 to 1764.A rising and light-emitting horse, representing communication, motion, city development and flourishing, is depicted in the coat of arms
Coat of arms
A coat of arms is a unique heraldic design on a shield or escutcheon or on a surcoat or tabard used to cover and protect armour and to identify the wearer. Thus the term is often stated as "coat-armour", because it was anciently displayed on the front of a coat of cloth...
of Radviliškis. The light is a symbol of civilization's role in the city development. It was created by artist Laima Ramonienė in 1992.
Attractions
Radviliškis, settled on evergladeEverglade
Everglade may refer to:* Everglade crayfish, species of freshwater crayfish endemic to Florida*"Everglade Raid", an animated cartoon short subject in the Woody Woodpecker series...
s, was famous for its railway and black-from-locomotive-smoke sparrows.
The three symbols of the town are the railways, club rush, and black sparrow
Sparrow
The sparrows are a family of small passerine birds, Passeridae. They are also known as true sparrows, or Old World sparrows, names also used for a genus of the family, Passer...
s.
There are Evangelical-reformed, Protestant, Lutheran, and Orthodox chapels, Jewish synagogues and Catholic Churches in Radviliškis.
The stone windmill of Radviliškis was erected in remembrance of the violent and triumphant battles in 1919 against the German–Russian armed forces.
The wooden belfry of Radviliškis parish's Blessed Virgin Mary church of the Immaculate Conception is a topical architecture monument. It was set in 1878. The belfry burned twice. It was reconstructed in 1984.