Publishing houses in the Soviet Union
Encyclopedia
Publishing houses in the Soviet Union, with the exception of the brief initial period and the period of perestroika
before the dissolution of the Soviet Union
, were state enterprises under strict ideological control and censorship
for the compliance with the communist ideology under the guidelines of the CPSU.
During the era of centralization the names of the most of them contained the acronym "гиз" ("giz") standing for "государственное издательство" (gosudarstvennoye izdatelstvo, i.e., "State Publisher", S.P.).
Perestroika
Perestroika was a political movement within the Communist Party of the Soviet Union during 1980s, widely associated with the Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev...
before the dissolution of the Soviet Union
Dissolution of the Soviet Union
The dissolution of the Soviet Union was the disintegration of the federal political structures and central government of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , resulting in the independence of all fifteen republics of the Soviet Union between March 11, 1990 and December 25, 1991...
, were state enterprises under strict ideological control and censorship
Censorship
thumb|[[Book burning]] following the [[1973 Chilean coup d'état|1973 coup]] that installed the [[Military government of Chile |Pinochet regime]] in Chile...
for the compliance with the communist ideology under the guidelines of the CPSU.
Centralization
On August 8, 1930 RSFSR Sovnarkom established the state publishing monopoly, OGIZ (ОГИЗ, Объединение государственных книжно-журнальных издательств, Union of the State Book and Magazine Publishers), subordinated to Sovnarkom. Its core was Gosizdat. Other union republics followd the pattern.During the era of centralization the names of the most of them contained the acronym "гиз" ("giz") standing for "государственное издательство" (gosudarstvennoye izdatelstvo, i.e., "State Publisher", S.P.).
Early publishers
As of January 1, 1930, there were 995 publishers in RSFSR only.- «Новая Москва»
- «Долой неграмотность»
- «Прибой»
Period of centralization
- Gosizdat (Госиздат)
- «Земля и фабрика»
- «Московский рабочий»
- «Молодая гвардия»
- «Советская энциклопедия»
- «Работник просвещения»
- Госмедиздат
- Госюриздат
- Госсельхозиздат
- Госхимиздат
- «Безбожник»
- «AcademiaAcademia (publishing house)Academia was a Soviet publishing house prior to fusion with Goslitizdat. The house employed many eminent Russian graphic artists and issued over one thousand books during its existence...
» - «Федерация»
- Центроиздат,
- Издательство АН СССР
- Издательство Коммунистической академии
- Издательство НКВД
- Издательство Осоавиахима
- OGIZ
- Detgiz (Детгиз) - stands for "S.P. for children literature"
- Sotsekgiz (Соцэкгиз, Изд-во социально-экономической литературы, Publisher for Social-Economical Literature) -
- Renamed into Государственное издательство экономической литературы, S.P. for Economical Literature
- Uchpedgiz (Учпедгиз) - stands for "S.P. for student's and pedagogical literature"
- Масспартгиз
- Gostekhizdat Гостехиздат
- Сельколхозгиз
- Медиздат
- Государственное издательство художественной литературы - ГИХЛ
- Юндетиздат
- Военгиз
- Музгиз
- Юриздат
- Изогиз
- Словарно-энциклопедическое издательство
- Гострансиздат
- Снабкоопгиз
- Физкультура и туризм
- Издательство партийной литературы (Партиздат)
- Renamed into Госполитиздат
- NaukaNaukaNauka is a Russian publisher of academic books and journals. Established in the USSR in 1923, it was called USSR Academy of Sciences Publisher until 1963. Until 1934 the publisher was based in Leningrad, then moved to Moscow. Its logo depicts an open book with Sputnik 1 above it.Nauka was the main...
(Наука) - for scienceScienceScience is a systematic enterprise that builds and organizes knowledge in the form of testable explanations and predictions about the universe... - Progress PublishersProgress PublishersProgress Publishers was a Moscow-based Soviet publisher founded in 1931.It was noted for its English-language editions of books on Marxism-Leninism....
(Издательство "Прогресс") - Mir PublishersMir Publishers150px|rightMir Publishers was a major publishing house in the Soviet Union which continues to exist in modern Russian Federation. It was established in 1946 by a decree of the USSR Council of Ministers and has headquartered in Moscow, Russia since then...
(Издательство "Мир")
- Spin-offs of Gostekhizdat
- Государственное научно-техническое издательство Наркомтяжпрома (ГНТИ НКТП), later decentralized into the Объединение научно-технических издательств (ОНТИ) that included:
- Техтеоретиздат
- Машметиздат
- Химтехиздат
- Энергоиздат
- Стройиздат
- etc.
- Гизлегпром
- Гослестехиздат
- Государственное научно-техническое издательство Наркомтяжпрома (ГНТИ НКТП), later decentralized into the Объединение научно-технических издательств (ОНТИ) that included: