Pu-Ba'lu
Encyclopedia
Yursa
Yursa was a town, whose site is unknown, from the 1350-1335 BC Amarna letters correspondence. The site, a city/city-state, is possibly in central, or eastern Canaan....
, (a city/city-state
City-state
A city-state is an independent or autonomous entity whose territory consists of a city which is not administered as a part of another local government.-Historical city-states:...
in Canaan
Canaan
Canaan is a historical region roughly corresponding to modern-day Israel, Palestine, Lebanon, and the western parts of Jordan...
(?)), of the 1350-1335 BC Amarna letters
Amarna letters
The Amarna letters are an archive of correspondence on clay tablets, mostly diplomatic, between the Egyptian administration and its representatives in Canaan and Amurru during the New Kingdom...
correspondence
Text corpus
In linguistics, a corpus or text corpus is a large and structured set of texts...
. His name translates in Akkadian
Akkadian language
Akkadian is an extinct Semitic language that was spoken in ancient Mesopotamia. The earliest attested Semitic language, it used the cuneiform writing system derived ultimately from ancient Sumerian, an unrelated language isolate...
as: "word/mouth (of) Baal
Baal
Baʿal is a Northwest Semitic title and honorific meaning "master" or "lord" that is used for various gods who were patrons of cities in the Levant and Asia Minor, cognate to Akkadian Bēlu...
", the 'Spokesman (of) Baal
Baal
Baʿal is a Northwest Semitic title and honorific meaning "master" or "lord" that is used for various gods who were patrons of cities in the Levant and Asia Minor, cognate to Akkadian Bēlu...
' , (–or 'Baal
Baal
Baʿal is a Northwest Semitic title and honorific meaning "master" or "lord" that is used for various gods who were patrons of cities in the Levant and Asia Minor, cognate to Akkadian Bēlu...
's Voice').
Pu-Ba'lu of Yursa is the author of three letters to pharaoh
Pharaoh
Pharaoh is a title used in many modern discussions of the ancient Egyptian rulers of all periods. The title originates in the term "pr-aa" which means "great house" and describes the royal palace...
. See: Yursa
Yursa
Yursa was a town, whose site is unknown, from the 1350-1335 BC Amarna letters correspondence. The site, a city/city-state, is possibly in central, or eastern Canaan....
The three Amarna letters, (EA for 'el Amarna
Amarna
Amarna is an extensive Egyptian archaeological site that represents the remains of the capital city newly–established and built by the Pharaoh Akhenaten of the late Eighteenth Dynasty , and abandoned shortly afterwards...
') to pharaoh from Pu-Ba'lu of Yursa are:
- EA 314—Title: "A shipment of glass"
- EA 315—Title: "Like a command of the Sun"–See: ReanapReanapReanap, also Reanapa, was an Egyptian commissioner, of the 1350-1335 BC Amarna letters, written from a 15-20 year time period. Of the 382 EA Amarna letters correspondence, Reanapa is referenced in 3 letters: .The topic of two short letters, EA 315, and 326 is Reanapa, and no intrigues of other...
- EA 316—Title: "PostscriptPostscriptA postscript, abbreviated P.S., is writing added after the main body of a letter . The term comes from the Latin post scriptum, an expression meaning "written after" .A postscript may be a sentence, a paragraph, or occasionally many paragraphs added, often hastily and...
to the royal scribeScribeA scribe is a person who writes books or documents by hand as a profession and helps the city keep track of its records. The profession, previously found in all literate cultures in some form, lost most of its importance and status with the advent of printing...
"–See: TahmaššiTahmaššiTahmašši, or Takhmašši, and also known by his hypocoristicon or pet name: Tahmaya, or Atahmaya was an Egyptian official to pharaoh in the 1350 BC Amarna letters correspondence...
Of the entire Amarna letters 382–letter corpus
Text corpus
In linguistics, a corpus or text corpus is a large and structured set of texts...
, Pu-Ba'lu of Yursa is only referenced in letters 314, and 315, as: "..Pu-Ba'lu, the ruler of Yursa", and EA 316, as "Pu-Ba'lu". One other reference in EA 104, entitled: "Ullassa taken" is to Abdi-Ashirta
Abdi-Ashirta
Abdi-Ashirta was the ruler of Amurru, a new kingdom in southern Syria subject to nominal Egyptian control, that was in conflict with King Rib-Hadda of Byblos....
's son, "Pu-Bahla", presumably a separate 'Pu-Baal'.
EA 314, "A shipment of glass"
- "To the king-(i.e. Pharaoh), my lord, my god, my Sun, the Sun from the sky: Message of Pu-Ba'lu, your servant, the ruler of YursaYursaYursa was a town, whose site is unknown, from the 1350-1335 BC Amarna letters correspondence. The site, a city/city-state, is possibly in central, or eastern Canaan....
. I indeed prostrateProstration formulaIn the 1350 BC correspondence of 382–letters, called the Amarna letters, the Prostration formula is usually the opening subservient remarks to the addressee, the Egyptian pharaoh. The formula is based on Prostration, namely reverence and submissiveness...
myself at the feet of the king, my lord, my god, my Sun: the SunReRe, bre, moré is an interjection common to Cypriot Greek, the languages of the Balkans, Turkish, and Venetian, with its "locus... more in the Greek world than elsewhere". It is used in colloquial speech to gain someone's attention, add emphasis, insult, or express surprise or astonishment, like...
from the sky, 7 times and 7 times, on the back and on the belly. I am indeed guarding the place of the king, (my) lord, my Sun, the Sun from the sky. Who is the do[ g that would not o]be[y the orders of the king, the Sun from the sk]y? [Since the king, my lord, has ord[ere[d] some glassGlassGlass is an amorphous solid material. Glasses are typically brittle and optically transparent.The most familiar type of glass, used for centuries in windows and drinking vessels, is soda-lime glass, composed of about 75% silica plus Na2O, CaO, and several minor additives...
, I [s]end it to the king, my lord, my god, the Sun from the sk[y]." -EA -314, lines 1-22 (with damaged cuneiformCuneiform scriptCuneiform script )) is one of the earliest known forms of written expression. Emerging in Sumer around the 30th century BC, with predecessors reaching into the late 4th millennium , cuneiform writing began as a system of pictographs...
characters)
EA 235, entitled: "An order of glass", is of the same subject, a letter from Satatna
Satatna
Satatna, or Sitatna, and also Šutatna/Shutatna-, was a 'Mayor'/Ruler of Akka, or Acco, modern Acre, Israel, during the 1350-1335 BC Amarna letters correspondence....
of Akka
Acre, Israel
Acre , is a city in the Western Galilee region of northern Israel at the northern extremity of Haifa Bay. Acre is one of the oldest continuously inhabited sites in the country....
. See also the same subject glass: Yidya
Yidya
Yidya, and also Idiya, was the mayor/ruler of ancient Ašqaluna/Ashkelon in the 1350-1335 BC Amarna letters correspondence.Yidya is mainly referenced in the Amarna letters corpus, in his own letters: EA 320–326,...
of Ašqaluna
Ashkelon
Ashkelon is a coastal city in the South District of Israel on the Mediterranean coast, south of Tel Aviv, and north of the border with the Gaza Strip. The ancient seaport of Ashkelon dates back to the Neolithic Age...
, EA 323; see: Yidya
Yidya
Yidya, and also Idiya, was the mayor/ruler of ancient Ašqaluna/Ashkelon in the 1350-1335 BC Amarna letters correspondence.Yidya is mainly referenced in the Amarna letters corpus, in his own letters: EA 320–326,...
.
See also
- YursaYursaYursa was a town, whose site is unknown, from the 1350-1335 BC Amarna letters correspondence. The site, a city/city-state, is possibly in central, or eastern Canaan....
- Amarna letters–localities and their rulersAmarna letters–localities and their rulersThis is a list of the "Amarna letters" –Text corpus, categorized by: Amarna letters–localities and their rulers. It includes countries, regions, and the cities/or 'city-states' ...
- Amarna lettersAmarna lettersThe Amarna letters are an archive of correspondence on clay tablets, mostly diplomatic, between the Egyptian administration and its representatives in Canaan and Amurru during the New Kingdom...
- SatatnaSatatnaSatatna, or Sitatna, and also Šutatna/Shutatna-, was a 'Mayor'/Ruler of Akka, or Acco, modern Acre, Israel, during the 1350-1335 BC Amarna letters correspondence....
, and YidyaYidyaYidya, and also Idiya, was the mayor/ruler of ancient Ašqaluna/Ashkelon in the 1350-1335 BC Amarna letters correspondence.Yidya is mainly referenced in the Amarna letters corpus, in his own letters: EA 320–326,...
, Glass letters
External links
- Pu-Baal of "Yurtsa"
- Pu-Baal of "Yurtsa", a 2nd Article