Yursa
Encyclopedia
Yursa was a town, whose site is unknown, from the 1350-1335 BC Amarna letters
correspondence
. The site, a city/city-state
, is possibly in central, or eastern Canaan
.
In the 382–letter correspondence it is the location of its mayor/ruler, Pu-Ba'lu
who authored 3 letters written to pharaoh
, namely EA 314-316, (EA for 'el Amarna
').
The three letters to pharaoh from Pu-Ba'lu of Yursa are:
Of the entire Amarna letters 382–letter corpus
, Yursa is only referenced in letters 314, and 315, as: "..Pu-Ba'lu, the ruler of Yursa".
EA-314, lines 1-22 (with damaged cuneiform
characters)
EA 235, entitled: "An order of glass", is of the same subject, a letter from Satatna
of Akka-(Acco
).
Amarna letters
The Amarna letters are an archive of correspondence on clay tablets, mostly diplomatic, between the Egyptian administration and its representatives in Canaan and Amurru during the New Kingdom...
correspondence
Text corpus
In linguistics, a corpus or text corpus is a large and structured set of texts...
. The site, a city/city-state
City-state
A city-state is an independent or autonomous entity whose territory consists of a city which is not administered as a part of another local government.-Historical city-states:...
, is possibly in central, or eastern Canaan
Canaan
Canaan is a historical region roughly corresponding to modern-day Israel, Palestine, Lebanon, and the western parts of Jordan...
.
In the 382–letter correspondence it is the location of its mayor/ruler, Pu-Ba'lu
Pu-Ba'lu
Pu-Ba'lu, was ruler/mayor of Yursa, , of the 1350-1335 BC Amarna letters correspondence. His name translates in Akkadian as: "word/mouth Baal", the 'Spokesman Baal' , .Pu-Ba'lu of Yursa is the author of three letters to pharaoh...
who authored 3 letters written to pharaoh
Pharaoh
Pharaoh is a title used in many modern discussions of the ancient Egyptian rulers of all periods. The title originates in the term "pr-aa" which means "great house" and describes the royal palace...
, namely EA 314-316, (EA for 'el Amarna
Amarna
Amarna is an extensive Egyptian archaeological site that represents the remains of the capital city newly–established and built by the Pharaoh Akhenaten of the late Eighteenth Dynasty , and abandoned shortly afterwards...
').
The three letters to pharaoh from Pu-Ba'lu of Yursa are:
- EA 314—Title: "A shipment of glassGlassGlass is an amorphous solid material. Glasses are typically brittle and optically transparent.The most familiar type of glass, used for centuries in windows and drinking vessels, is soda-lime glass, composed of about 75% silica plus Na2O, CaO, and several minor additives...
" - EA 315—Title: "Like a command of the SunRaRa is the ancient Egyptian sun god. By the Fifth Dynasty he had become a major deity in ancient Egyptian religion, identified primarily with the mid-day sun...
"–See: ReanapReanapReanap, also Reanapa, was an Egyptian commissioner, of the 1350-1335 BC Amarna letters, written from a 15-20 year time period. Of the 382 EA Amarna letters correspondence, Reanapa is referenced in 3 letters: .The topic of two short letters, EA 315, and 326 is Reanapa, and no intrigues of other... - EA 316—Title: "PostscriptPostscriptA postscript, abbreviated P.S., is writing added after the main body of a letter . The term comes from the Latin post scriptum, an expression meaning "written after" .A postscript may be a sentence, a paragraph, or occasionally many paragraphs added, often hastily and...
to the royal scribeScribeA scribe is a person who writes books or documents by hand as a profession and helps the city keep track of its records. The profession, previously found in all literate cultures in some form, lost most of its importance and status with the advent of printing...
"–See: TahmaššiTahmaššiTahmašši, or Takhmašši, and also known by his hypocoristicon or pet name: Tahmaya, or Atahmaya was an Egyptian official to pharaoh in the 1350 BC Amarna letters correspondence...
Of the entire Amarna letters 382–letter corpus
Text corpus
In linguistics, a corpus or text corpus is a large and structured set of texts...
, Yursa is only referenced in letters 314, and 315, as: "..Pu-Ba'lu, the ruler of Yursa".
EA 314, title: "A shipment of glass"
- "To the king (i.e. Pharaoh), my lord, my god, my Sun, the Sun from the sky: Message of Pu-Ba'luPu-Ba'luPu-Ba'lu, was ruler/mayor of Yursa, , of the 1350-1335 BC Amarna letters correspondence. His name translates in Akkadian as: "word/mouth Baal", the 'Spokesman Baal' , .Pu-Ba'lu of Yursa is the author of three letters to pharaoh...
, your servant, the ruler of Yursa. I indeed prostrateProstration formulaIn the 1350 BC correspondence of 382–letters, called the Amarna letters, the Prostration formula is usually the opening subservient remarks to the addressee, the Egyptian pharaoh. The formula is based on Prostration, namely reverence and submissiveness...
myself at the feet of the king, my lord, my god, my Sun: the SunReRe, bre, moré is an interjection common to Cypriot Greek, the languages of the Balkans, Turkish, and Venetian, with its "locus... more in the Greek world than elsewhere". It is used in colloquial speech to gain someone's attention, add emphasis, insult, or express surprise or astonishment, like...
from the sky. 7 times and 7 times, on the back and on the stomach. I am indeed guarding the place of the king, (my) lord, my Sun, the Sun from the sky. Who is the dog that would not o]be[y the orders of the king, the Sun from the sk]y? [Since the king, my lord, has ord[ere[d] some glassGlassGlass is an amorphous solid material. Glasses are typically brittle and optically transparent.The most familiar type of glass, used for centuries in windows and drinking vessels, is soda-lime glass, composed of about 75% silica plus Na2O, CaO, and several minor additives...
, I [s]end it to the king, my lord, my god, the Sun from the sk[y]."
EA-314, lines 1-22 (with damaged cuneiform
Cuneiform script
Cuneiform script )) is one of the earliest known forms of written expression. Emerging in Sumer around the 30th century BC, with predecessors reaching into the late 4th millennium , cuneiform writing began as a system of pictographs...
characters)
EA 235, entitled: "An order of glass", is of the same subject, a letter from Satatna
Satatna
Satatna, or Sitatna, and also Šutatna/Shutatna-, was a 'Mayor'/Ruler of Akka, or Acco, modern Acre, Israel, during the 1350-1335 BC Amarna letters correspondence....
of Akka-(Acco
Acre, Israel
Acre , is a city in the Western Galilee region of northern Israel at the northern extremity of Haifa Bay. Acre is one of the oldest continuously inhabited sites in the country....
).
See also
- Pu-Ba'luPu-Ba'luPu-Ba'lu, was ruler/mayor of Yursa, , of the 1350-1335 BC Amarna letters correspondence. His name translates in Akkadian as: "word/mouth Baal", the 'Spokesman Baal' , .Pu-Ba'lu of Yursa is the author of three letters to pharaoh...
- ReanapReanapReanap, also Reanapa, was an Egyptian commissioner, of the 1350-1335 BC Amarna letters, written from a 15-20 year time period. Of the 382 EA Amarna letters correspondence, Reanapa is referenced in 3 letters: .The topic of two short letters, EA 315, and 326 is Reanapa, and no intrigues of other...
, Egyptian commissioner - TahmaššiTahmaššiTahmašši, or Takhmašši, and also known by his hypocoristicon or pet name: Tahmaya, or Atahmaya was an Egyptian official to pharaoh in the 1350 BC Amarna letters correspondence...
, Egyptian official - Amarna lettersAmarna lettersThe Amarna letters are an archive of correspondence on clay tablets, mostly diplomatic, between the Egyptian administration and its representatives in Canaan and Amurru during the New Kingdom...
- Amarna letters–phrases and quotationsAmarna letters–phrases and quotationsAmarna letters–phrases and quotations is an article for the 1350 BC Amarna letters, the correspondence to the pharaohs of Egypt.Of the 382 Amarna letters, many are direct in describing the conditions of the author in their local regions...
, for: "7 times and 7 times; "on the back and on the stomach" "