Pleograph was an early type of movie camera

Movie camera

The movie camera is a type of photographic camera which takes a rapid sequence of photographs on strips of film which was very popular for private use in the last century until its successor, the video camera, replaced it...

 constructed in 1894, before those made by the Lumière brothers, by Polish inventor Kazimierz Prószyński

Kazimierz Prószynski

Kazimierz Prószyński was a Polish inventor active in the field of cinema. He patented his first film camera, called Pleograph , before the Lumière brothers, and later went on to improve the cinema projector for the Gaumont company, as well as invent the widely used hand-held Aeroscope...

. Prószyński later constructed the first hand held camera called an Aeroscope

Aeroscope

Aeroscope was a type of compressed air camera for making films, constructed by Kazimierz Prószyński in 1909 and built in England since 1911, at first by Newman & Sinclair, and from 1912 by Cherry Kearton Limited....

.

Similarly to the Lumière brothers cinematograph, Prószyński's

Kazimierz Prószynski

Kazimierz Prószyński was a Polish inventor active in the field of cinema. He patented his first film camera, called Pleograph , before the Lumière brothers, and later went on to improve the cinema projector for the Gaumont company, as well as invent the widely used hand-held Aeroscope...

 pleograph has been also a projector. The apparatus used a rectangle of celluloid with perforation between several parallel rows of images. Using improved pleograph Prószyński

Kazimierz Prószynski

Kazimierz Prószyński was a Polish inventor active in the field of cinema. He patented his first film camera, called Pleograph , before the Lumière brothers, and later went on to improve the cinema projector for the Gaumont company, as well as invent the widely used hand-held Aeroscope...

 shot first short films showing scenes from the life of Warsaw

Warsaw

Warsaw is the capital and largest city of Poland. It is located on the Vistula River, roughly from the Baltic Sea and from the Carpathian Mountains. Its population in 2010 was estimated at 1,716,855 residents with a greater metropolitan area of 2,631,902 residents, making Warsaw the 10th most...

like people skating on in the park ("Ślizgawka w Ogrodzie Saskim" - 1902).

The name camera in its Polish spelling - Pleograf has been taken by the first Polish film studio established in Warsaw in 1901.