Pituitary disease
Encyclopedia
A Pituitary disease is a disorder primarily affecting the pituitary gland
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The main disorders involving the pituitary gland are:
Hypothyroidism
is caused by pituitary insufficiency in producing thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) in less than 10% of hypothyroidism cases. Hyperthyroidism
is caused by hypersecretion of TSH (almost always by a pituitary adenoma) in much less than 1 percent of hyperthyroidism cases.
Pituitary gland
In vertebrate anatomy the pituitary gland, or hypophysis, is an endocrine gland about the size of a pea and weighing 0.5 g , in humans. It is a protrusion off the bottom of the hypothalamus at the base of the brain, and rests in a small, bony cavity covered by a dural fold...
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The main disorders involving the pituitary gland are:
| Condition | Direction | Hormone >- | Acromegaly Acromegaly Acromegaly is a syndrome that results when the anterior pituitary gland produces excess growth hormone after epiphyseal plate closure at puberty... |
overproduction | growth hormone Growth hormone Growth hormone is a peptide hormone that stimulates growth, cell reproduction and regeneration in humans and other animals. Growth hormone is a 191-amino acid, single-chain polypeptide that is synthesized, stored, and secreted by the somatotroph cells within the lateral wings of the anterior... >- | Cushing's disease Cushing's disease Cushing's disease is a cause of Cushing's Syndrome characterised by increased secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone from the anterior pituitary. This is most often as a result of a pituitary adenoma... |
overproduction | Adrenocorticotropic hormone Adrenocorticotropic hormone Adrenocorticotropic hormone , also known as 'corticotropin', 'Adrenocorticotrophic hormone', is a polypeptide tropic hormone produced and secreted by the anterior pituitary gland. It is an important component of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and is often produced in response to biological... >- | Growth hormone deficiency Growth hormone deficiency Growth hormone deficiency is a medical condition in which the body does not produce enough growth hormone . Growth hormone, also called somatotropin, is a polypeptide hormone which stimulates growth and cell reproduction... |
underproduction | growth hormone Growth hormone Growth hormone is a peptide hormone that stimulates growth, cell reproduction and regeneration in humans and other animals. Growth hormone is a 191-amino acid, single-chain polypeptide that is synthesized, stored, and secreted by the somatotroph cells within the lateral wings of the anterior... >- | Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone The syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone hypersecretion is characterized by excessive release of antidiuretic hormone from the posterior pituitary gland or another source. The result is hyponatremia and sometimes fluid overload... |
overproduction | vasopressin Vasopressin Arginine vasopressin , also known as vasopressin, argipressin or antidiuretic hormone , is a neurohypophysial hormone found in most mammals, including humans. Vasopressin is a peptide hormone that controls the reabsorption of molecules in the tubules of the kidneys by affecting the tissue's... >- | Diabetes insipidus Diabetes insipidus Diabetes insipidus is a condition characterized by excessive thirst and excretion of large amounts of severely diluted urine, with reduction of fluid intake having no effect on the concentration of the urine. There are several different types of DI, each with a different cause... (can also be nephrogenic Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus is a form of diabetes insipidus due primarily to pathology of the kidney. This is in contrast to central/neurogenic diabetes insipidus, which is caused by insufficient levels of antidiuretic hormone /Argenine Vasopressin... ) |
underproduction | vasopressin Vasopressin Arginine vasopressin , also known as vasopressin, argipressin or antidiuretic hormone , is a neurohypophysial hormone found in most mammals, including humans. Vasopressin is a peptide hormone that controls the reabsorption of molecules in the tubules of the kidneys by affecting the tissue's... >- | Sheehan syndrome |
underproduction | hormone Hormone A hormone is a chemical released by a cell or a gland in one part of the body that sends out messages that affect cells in other parts of the organism. Only a small amount of hormone is required to alter cell metabolism. In essence, it is a chemical messenger that transports a signal from one... >- | Pickardt-Fahlbusch-Syndrome |
underproduction | hormone Hormone A hormone is a chemical released by a cell or a gland in one part of the body that sends out messages that affect cells in other parts of the organism. Only a small amount of hormone is required to alter cell metabolism. In essence, it is a chemical messenger that transports a signal from one... , except prolactin Prolactin Prolactin also known as luteotropic hormone is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PRL gene.Prolactin is a peptide hormone discovered by Henry Friesen... , which is increased >- | Hyperpituitarism Hyperpituitarism Hyperpituitarism is the result of excess secretion of adenohypophyseal trophic hormones most commonly by a functional pituitary adenoma. Other causes are hyperplasias and carcinomas of the adenohypophysis, secretion by non-pituitary tumours and certain hypothalamic disorders.-Clinical... (most commonly pituitary adenoma Pituitary adenoma Pituitary adenomas are tumors that occur in the pituitary gland, and account for about 15% of intracranial neoplasms. Tumors which exceed 10 mm in size are defined as macroadenomas, and those smaller than 10 mm are referred to as microadenomas... ) |
overproduction | >- | underproduction | any pituitary hormone |
Hypothyroidism
Hypothyroidism
Hypothyroidism is a condition in which the thyroid gland does not make enough thyroid hormone.Iodine deficiency is the most common cause of hypothyroidism worldwide but it can be caused by other causes such as several conditions of the thyroid gland or, less commonly, the pituitary gland or...
is caused by pituitary insufficiency in producing thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) in less than 10% of hypothyroidism cases. Hyperthyroidism
Hyperthyroidism
Hyperthyroidism is the term for overactive tissue within the thyroid gland causing an overproduction of thyroid hormones . Hyperthyroidism is thus a cause of thyrotoxicosis, the clinical condition of increased thyroid hormones in the blood. Hyperthyroidism and thyrotoxicosis are not synonymous...
is caused by hypersecretion of TSH (almost always by a pituitary adenoma) in much less than 1 percent of hyperthyroidism cases.