Pine mushroom
Encyclopedia
Tricholoma is a genus
of fungus
that contains a large number of fairly fleshy white-spored gilled mushrooms
which are found worldwide generally growing in woodlands. These are ectomycorrhizal fungi, existing in a symbiotic relationship with various species of coniferous or broad-leaved trees. The generic name derives from the Greek trichos (τριχος) meaning hair and loma (λωμα) meaning fringe or border, although only a few species (such as T. vaccinum) have shaggy caps which fit this description.
Some well-known species are the East Asia
n Tricholoma matsutake, also known as "matsutake
" or songi, and the North American species Tricholoma magnivelare
, also known as "ponderosa mushroom", "American matsutake", or "Pine mushroom
". Some are safe to eat, yet there are a few poisonous members, such as T. pardinum
, T. tigrinum
and T. equestre
.
Many species originally described within Tricholoma have since been moved to other genera. These include the Wood blewit (Clitocybe nuda
), previously Tricholoma nudum, blewit (Clitocybe saeva), previously Tricholoma personatum, and St George's mushroom (Calocybe gambosa) previously Tricholoma gambosum.
Genus
In biology, a genus is a low-level taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms, which is an example of definition by genus and differentia...
of fungus
Fungus
A fungus is a member of a large group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds , as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as a kingdom, Fungi, which is separate from plants, animals, and bacteria...
that contains a large number of fairly fleshy white-spored gilled mushrooms
Agaricales
The fungal order Agaricales, also known as gilled mushrooms , or euagarics, contains some of the most familiar types of mushrooms. The order has 33 extant families, 413 genera, and over 13000 described species, along with five extinct genera known only from the fossil record...
which are found worldwide generally growing in woodlands. These are ectomycorrhizal fungi, existing in a symbiotic relationship with various species of coniferous or broad-leaved trees. The generic name derives from the Greek trichos (τριχος) meaning hair and loma (λωμα) meaning fringe or border, although only a few species (such as T. vaccinum) have shaggy caps which fit this description.
Some well-known species are the East Asia
East Asia
East Asia or Eastern Asia is a subregion of Asia that can be defined in either geographical or cultural terms...
n Tricholoma matsutake, also known as "matsutake
Matsutake
Matsutake is the common name for a highly sought after mycorrhizal mushroom that grows in Asia, Europe, and North America...
" or songi, and the North American species Tricholoma magnivelare
Tricholoma magnivelare
Tricholoma magnivelare is a gilled mushroom found in the Pacific Northwest of North America growing in coniferous woodland. These ectomycorrhizal fungi are typically edible species which exist in a symbiotic relationship with various species of pine. They belong to the genus Tricholoma, which...
, also known as "ponderosa mushroom", "American matsutake", or "Pine mushroom
Pine mushroom
Tricholoma is a genus of fungus that contains a large number of fairly fleshy white-spored gilled mushrooms which are found worldwide generally growing in woodlands. These are ectomycorrhizal fungi, existing in a symbiotic relationship with various species of coniferous or broad-leaved trees...
". Some are safe to eat, yet there are a few poisonous members, such as T. pardinum
Tricholoma pardinum
Tricholoma pardinum, commonly known as spotted tricholoma, tiger tricholoma, tigertop or dirty trich, is a gilled mushroom widely distributed across North America and Europe, as well as parts of Asia. It is generally found in beech woodland in summer and autumn...
, T. tigrinum
Tricholoma tigrinum
Tricholoma pardinum is a gilled mushroom. First described under the name Agaricus tigrinus by Jacob Christian Schäffer in 1774, the species was transferred to the genus Tricholoma in 1871 by Paul Kummer....
and T. equestre
Tricholoma equestre
Tricholoma equestre or Tricholoma flavovirens, also known as Man on horseback or Yellow knight is a formerly widely eaten but hazardous fungus of the Tricholoma genus that forms ectomycorrhiza with pine trees....
.
Many species originally described within Tricholoma have since been moved to other genera. These include the Wood blewit (Clitocybe nuda
Clitocybe nuda
Clitocybe nuda , is an edible mushroom, found in both coniferous and deciduous woodlands. It is a fairly distinctive mushroom which is widely eaten, though there is some caution about edibility...
), previously Tricholoma nudum, blewit (Clitocybe saeva), previously Tricholoma personatum, and St George's mushroom (Calocybe gambosa) previously Tricholoma gambosum.
Species list
Tricholoma acerbum - bitter knight
Tricholoma aestuans
Tricholoma albobrunneum- Tricholoma albumTricholoma albumTricholoma album, commonly known as the white knight, is an all-white mushroom of the large genus Tricholoma. It is found in Europe, India, and possibly North America. The cap and gills are white...
- white knight - Tricholoma argyraceumTricholoma argyraceumTricholoma argyraceum is a grey-capped edible mushroom of the large genus Tricholoma. It has been confused with the similar-looking Tricholoma scalpturatum.-Taxonomy:...
(aka T. sculpturatum) - Tricholoma auratum - golden Tricholoma
- Tricholoma columbettaTricholoma columbettaTricholoma columbetta, commonly known as dove-coloured Tricholoma, is an edible mushroom of the large genus Tricholoma. It is found in Europe, where it is eaten in France....
- dove-coloured Tricholoma - Tricholoma equestreTricholoma equestreTricholoma equestre or Tricholoma flavovirens, also known as Man on horseback or Yellow knight is a formerly widely eaten but hazardous fungus of the Tricholoma genus that forms ectomycorrhiza with pine trees....
(previously T. flavovirens) - Man-on-Horseback 
Tricholoma eucalypticum- Tricholoma fulvum
- Tricholoma gambosum - aka Calocybe gambosa
- Tricholoma huronenseTricholoma huronenseTricholoma huronense is a mushroom of the agaric genus Tricholoma. It was first described in 1942 by American mycologist Alexander H. Smith based on collections made in Michigan....
- Tricholoma imbricatum - matt knight-cap
- Tricholoma inamoenum
- Tricholoma magnivelareTricholoma magnivelareTricholoma magnivelare is a gilled mushroom found in the Pacific Northwest of North America growing in coniferous woodland. These ectomycorrhizal fungi are typically edible species which exist in a symbiotic relationship with various species of pine. They belong to the genus Tricholoma, which...
- pine mushroom, American matsutake 
Tricholoma matsutakeMatsutakeMatsutake is the common name for a highly sought after mycorrhizal mushroom that grows in Asia, Europe, and North America...
- matsutake- Tricholoma mutabileTricholoma mutabileTricholoma mutabile is a mushroom of the agaric genus Tricholoma. Found in Yuba County, California, it was first described scientifically in 1996. It has a grayish convex cap that is wide, a white stalk measuring long by thick. The white gills are sinuate, and turn pale golden brown in maturity....
- Tricholoma myomycesTricholoma myomycesTricholoma myomyces is a mushroom of the agaric genus Tricholoma. The species was first described scientifically by Christian Hendrik Persoon in 1794 as Agaricus myomyces, and later transferred to the genus Tricholoma by Danish mycologist Jakob Emanuel Lange in 1933. It is found in Europe and...
- Tricholoma nigrumTricholoma nigrumTricholoma nigrum is a mushroom of the agaric genus Tricholoma. Known from Oregon, it was described as new to science in 1996....
- Tricholoma orirubensTricholoma orirubensTricholoma orirubens, commonly known as blushing tricholoma, is an edible gilled mushroom native to Europe. The grey-capped fruit bodies are generally found singly or in small groups in deciduous and coniferous woodland in autumn.-Taxonomy:...
- Tricholoma pardinumTricholoma pardinumTricholoma pardinum, commonly known as spotted tricholoma, tiger tricholoma, tigertop or dirty trich, is a gilled mushroom widely distributed across North America and Europe, as well as parts of Asia. It is generally found in beech woodland in summer and autumn...
- Tricholoma pessundatum
- Tricholoma populinum
- Tricholoma portentosumTricholoma portentosumTricholoma portentosum, commonly known as the charbonnier, or sooty head in North America, is a grey-capped edible mushroom of the large genus Tricholoma...
- Tricholoma resplendensTricholoma resplendensTricholoma resplendens is a fungus of the genus Tricholoma native to Europe and North America. It was originally described as Agaricus resplendens by Elias Magnus Fries in 1857, and was given its current name by Petter Adolf Karsten in 1876....
- Tricholoma saponaceumTricholoma saponaceumTricholoma saponaceum, also known as the soap-scented toadstool, soapy knight or soap tricholoma is an inedible mushroom found in woodlands in Europe and North America.-Taxonomy:...
- soap-scented toadstool - Tricholoma sejunctum
- Tricholoma squarrulosum
- Tricholoma sulphureumTricholoma sulphureumTricholoma sulphureum, also known as sulphur knight or gas agaric, is an inedible or mildly poisonous mushroom found in woodlands in Europe. It has a distinctive bright yellow colour and an unusual smell likened to coal gas...
- sulphur Tricholoma, gas agaric - Tricholoma terreumTricholoma terreumTricholoma terreum, commonly known as the grey knight or dirty tricholoma, is a grey-capped edible mushroom of the large genus Tricholoma. It is found in coniferous woodlands in Europe, and has also been encountered under introduced pine trees in Australia...
(= T. myomyces) - grey knight-cap - Tricholoma tigrinumTricholoma tigrinumTricholoma pardinum is a gilled mushroom. First described under the name Agaricus tigrinus by Jacob Christian Schäffer in 1774, the species was transferred to the genus Tricholoma in 1871 by Paul Kummer....
- Tricholoma ustale - burnt knight
- Tricholoma ustaloidesTricholoma ustaloidesTricholoma ustaloides is a species of mushroom in the large genus Tricholoma. It has a widespread distribution in Europe, where it is typically found in association with oak and beech trees...
- Tricholoma vaccinum - scaly Tricholoma , scaly knight
- Tricholoma venenatumTricholoma venenatumTricholoma venenatum is a mushroom of the agaric genus Tricholoma. It was first described scientifically by American mycologist George F. Atkinson in 1908....
- Tricholoma virgatumTricholoma virgatumTricholoma virgatum, commonly known as the ashen knight, is a mushroom of the agaric genus Tricholoma. It was first described scientifically as Agaricus virgatus by Elias Fries in 1818, and later transferred to the genus Tricholoma by Paul Kummer in 1871. It is found in the deciduous and coniferous...
- streaked Tricholoma, ashen knight