Pieter Rijke
Encyclopedia
Petrus Leonardus Rijke was a Dutch
physicist
, and a professor in experimental physics
at the University of Leiden. Rijke spent his scientific career exploring the physics of electricity
, and is known for the Rijke tube
.
On July 1, 1852 he was married to Johanna Hamaker. They had 6 sons and 6 daughters.
, (now Overbetuwe
municipality), Gelderland
. His father, Dirk Rijke, was a pastor. His mother was Elisabeth Pieternella Beausar.
From 1830 Rijke studied physics under P.J. Uijlenbroek at the University of Leiden, where he obtained his Ph.D. in 1836. The title of his Ph.D. thesis was "De origine electricitatis Voltaicae".
. In 1845 he became extraordinary professor and in 1854 he was promoted to full professor of physics at the University of Leiden.
There he started a physics laboratory with a large collection of scientific instruments. His most important students were H.A. Lorentz
and J.D. van der Waals
. He retired in 1882, and was succeeded by Heike Kamerlingh Onnes
as professor of experimental physics
at the University of Leiden.
1832 P.L. Rijke. Praecipuae naturae leges, quae in Luminis diffractione observantur, earumque nexus cum aliis optices phaenomenis. Leiden, Annal. Acad.
1836 P.L. Rijke Specimen physicum inaugurale de orginen electricitatis Voltaicae. Leiden.
1845 P.L. Rijke. Oratio de meritis Petri Johannis Uyllenbroek. Universiteit Leiden .
1853 P.L. Rijke. Erklarung der verstarkung die das durch einen galvanischen Funken verursachte Gerausch erleidet, wenn der strom unter gewissen umstanden unterbrochen wird. Poggendorf Annal 84, 166-172.
1856 P.L. Rijke. Notiz uber die schlagweite des Ruhmkorff’schen apparat. Poggendorff Annal 97, 67-76.
1856 P.L. Rijke.Von der Electricitats-Erregung, welche man beobachtet wenn eine flussigkeit den spaharoidalen zustand verlasst. Poggendorf Annal 97, 500-508.
1858 P.L. Rijke. Ueber die extrastrome. Poggendorf Annal 102, 481-529.
1859 P.L. Rijke. On the vibration of the air in a tube open at both ends. Phil. Mag. 17. 419-422.
1859 P.L. Rijke. Ueber die schalgweite der electrischen batterie. Poggendorf Annal 106, 411-453.
1860 P.L. Rijke. Note on the inductive spark. Phil. Mag. 20. 441-446.
1861 P.L. Rijke. On the duration of a spark which accompanies the discharge of an electrical conductor. Phil. Mag. 21. 365-369.
1862 P.L. Rijke. Note on the inductive spark. Phil. Mag. 24. 249-262.
1874 P.L. Rijke. Over de drukking, waaronder het gas door gasbranders gevoerd moet worden. Amsterdam, Akad. Versl en Meded., 9, 1874 127-132.
1875 P.L. Rijke. Over den ijk van Gasmeters. Leiden .
1879 P.L. Rijke. Iets over den microphoon. Amsterdam, Akad. Versl en Meded., 14, 1879. 1-26.
1882 P.L. Rijke Bijdragen tot de geschiedenis van het gasonderzoek te Leiden. Leiden .
???? P.L. Rijke. Betrekking het drinkbaar maken van zeewater door den toestel van de heer Louis Roulet. Tijdschrift der Nederlandse maatschappij tot bevordering van der geneeskunde
Netherlands
The Netherlands is a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, located mainly in North-West Europe and with several islands in the Caribbean. Mainland Netherlands borders the North Sea to the north and west, Belgium to the south, and Germany to the east, and shares maritime borders...
physicist
Physicist
A physicist is a scientist who studies or practices physics. Physicists study a wide range of physical phenomena in many branches of physics spanning all length scales: from sub-atomic particles of which all ordinary matter is made to the behavior of the material Universe as a whole...
, and a professor in experimental physics
Experimental physics
Within the field of physics, experimental physics is the category of disciplines and sub-disciplines concerned with the observation of physical phenomena in order to gather data about the universe...
at the University of Leiden. Rijke spent his scientific career exploring the physics of electricity
Electricity
Electricity is a general term encompassing a variety of phenomena resulting from the presence and flow of electric charge. These include many easily recognizable phenomena, such as lightning, static electricity, and the flow of electrical current in an electrical wire...
, and is known for the Rijke tube
Rijke tube
Rijke's tube turns heat into sound, by creating a self-amplifying standing wave. It is an entertaining phenomenon in acoustics and is an excellent example of resonance.-Discovery:...
.
On July 1, 1852 he was married to Johanna Hamaker. They had 6 sons and 6 daughters.
Early years and education
Rijke was born in HemmenHemmen
Hemmen is a small village in the Dutch province of Gelderland. It is located in the municipality of Overbetuwe, 1 km northwest of Zetten.Hemmen was a separate municipality until 1955, when it was merged with Valburg....
, (now Overbetuwe
Overbetuwe
Overbetuwe is a municipality in the province of Gelderland in the Netherlands. It was formed on 1 January 2001 as a merger of three former municipalities: Elst, Heteren and Valburg. Overbetuwe is bordered in the north by the river Rhine and in the south by the river Waal. The city hall is located...
municipality), Gelderland
Gelderland
Gelderland is the largest province of the Netherlands, located in the central eastern part of the country. The capital city is Arnhem. The two other major cities, Nijmegen and Apeldoorn have more inhabitants. Other major regional centers in Gelderland are Ede, Doetinchem, Zutphen, Tiel, Wijchen,...
. His father, Dirk Rijke, was a pastor. His mother was Elisabeth Pieternella Beausar.
From 1830 Rijke studied physics under P.J. Uijlenbroek at the University of Leiden, where he obtained his Ph.D. in 1836. The title of his Ph.D. thesis was "De origine electricitatis Voltaicae".
Academic career
In 1835 he was appointed professor of physics at the Royal Athenaeum in MaastrichtMaastricht
Maastricht is situated on both sides of the Meuse river in the south-eastern part of the Netherlands, on the Belgian border and near the German border...
. In 1845 he became extraordinary professor and in 1854 he was promoted to full professor of physics at the University of Leiden.
There he started a physics laboratory with a large collection of scientific instruments. His most important students were H.A. Lorentz
Hendrik Lorentz
Hendrik Antoon Lorentz was a Dutch physicist who shared the 1902 Nobel Prize in Physics with Pieter Zeeman for the discovery and theoretical explanation of the Zeeman effect...
and J.D. van der Waals
Johannes Diderik van der Waals
Johannes Diderik van der Waals was a Dutch theoretical physicist and thermodynamicist famous for his work on an equation of state for gases and liquids....
. He retired in 1882, and was succeeded by Heike Kamerlingh Onnes
Heike Kamerlingh Onnes
Heike Kamerlingh Onnes was a Dutch physicist and Nobel laureate. He pioneered refrigeration techniques, and he explored how materials behaved when cooled to nearly absolute zero. He was the first to liquify helium...
as professor of experimental physics
Experimental physics
Within the field of physics, experimental physics is the category of disciplines and sub-disciplines concerned with the observation of physical phenomena in order to gather data about the universe...
at the University of Leiden.
Publications
1831 P.L. Rijke. Responsio ad quaestionem mathematicam qua quaeritur : “Commentatio de projectione stereographica ejusqu usu in geographia et pahasbus defectus solaris delineandis. Leiden, Annal. Acad.1832 P.L. Rijke. Praecipuae naturae leges, quae in Luminis diffractione observantur, earumque nexus cum aliis optices phaenomenis. Leiden, Annal. Acad.
1836 P.L. Rijke Specimen physicum inaugurale de orginen electricitatis Voltaicae. Leiden.
1845 P.L. Rijke. Oratio de meritis Petri Johannis Uyllenbroek. Universiteit Leiden .
1853 P.L. Rijke. Erklarung der verstarkung die das durch einen galvanischen Funken verursachte Gerausch erleidet, wenn der strom unter gewissen umstanden unterbrochen wird. Poggendorf Annal 84, 166-172.
1856 P.L. Rijke. Notiz uber die schlagweite des Ruhmkorff’schen apparat. Poggendorff Annal 97, 67-76.
1856 P.L. Rijke.Von der Electricitats-Erregung, welche man beobachtet wenn eine flussigkeit den spaharoidalen zustand verlasst. Poggendorf Annal 97, 500-508.
1858 P.L. Rijke. Ueber die extrastrome. Poggendorf Annal 102, 481-529.
1859 P.L. Rijke. On the vibration of the air in a tube open at both ends. Phil. Mag. 17. 419-422.
1859 P.L. Rijke. Ueber die schalgweite der electrischen batterie. Poggendorf Annal 106, 411-453.
1860 P.L. Rijke. Note on the inductive spark. Phil. Mag. 20. 441-446.
1861 P.L. Rijke. On the duration of a spark which accompanies the discharge of an electrical conductor. Phil. Mag. 21. 365-369.
1862 P.L. Rijke. Note on the inductive spark. Phil. Mag. 24. 249-262.
1874 P.L. Rijke. Over de drukking, waaronder het gas door gasbranders gevoerd moet worden. Amsterdam, Akad. Versl en Meded., 9, 1874 127-132.
1875 P.L. Rijke. Over den ijk van Gasmeters. Leiden .
1879 P.L. Rijke. Iets over den microphoon. Amsterdam, Akad. Versl en Meded., 14, 1879. 1-26.
1882 P.L. Rijke Bijdragen tot de geschiedenis van het gasonderzoek te Leiden. Leiden .
???? P.L. Rijke. Betrekking het drinkbaar maken van zeewater door den toestel van de heer Louis Roulet. Tijdschrift der Nederlandse maatschappij tot bevordering van der geneeskunde
External links
- H.A.M. Snelders, Rijke, Petrus Leonardus (1812-1899), in Biografisch Woordenboek van Nederland. (In Dutch).
- Vasco Verlaan, P.L. Rijke: Een Bron van degelijkheid., master's thesis, University of Utrecht, 2003 (In Dutch).
- "Ph.D. family tree" of Pieter Rijke