Phosphoglycerate kinase
Encyclopedia
Phosphoglycerate kinase is a transferase
enzyme
used in the seventh step of glycolysis
. It transfers a phosphate group from 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate
to ADP
, forming ATP
and 3-Phosphoglycerate.
Phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) is an enzyme that catalyses the formation of ATP
to ADP
and vice versa. In the second step of the second phase in glycolysis, 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate
is converted to 3-phosphoglycerate, forming one molecule of ATP. If the reverse were to occur, one molecule of ADP would be formed. This reaction is essential in most cells for the generation of ATP in aerobes, for fermentation in anaerobes and for carbon fixation in plants.
PGK is found in all living organisms and its sequence has been highly conserved throughout evolution. The enzyme exists as a monomer containing two nearly equal-sized domains that correspond to the N- and C-termini of the protein. 3-phosphoglycerate (3-PG) binds to the N-terminal, while the nucleotide substrates, MgATP or MgADP, bind to the C-terminal domain of the enzyme. This extended two-domain structure is associated with large-scale 'hinge-bending' conformational changes, similar to those found in hexokinase.
At the core of each domain is a 6-stranded parallel beta-sheet surrounded by alpha helices. The two lobes are capable of folding independently, consistent with the presence of intermediates on the folding pathway
with a single domain folded.
Phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) deficiency is associated with haemolytic anaemia and mental disorders in humans.
Transferase
In biochemistry, a transferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a functional group from one molecule to another . For example, an enzyme that catalyzed this reaction would be a transferase:In this example, A would be the donor, and B would be the acceptor...
enzyme
Enzyme
Enzymes are proteins that catalyze chemical reactions. In enzymatic reactions, the molecules at the beginning of the process, called substrates, are converted into different molecules, called products. Almost all chemical reactions in a biological cell need enzymes in order to occur at rates...
used in the seventh step of glycolysis
Glycolysis
Glycolysis is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose C6H12O6, into pyruvate, CH3COCOO− + H+...
. It transfers a phosphate group from 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate
1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate
1,3-Bisphosphoglyceric acid is a 3-carbon organic molecule present in most, if not all, living organisms. It primarily exists as a metabolic intermediate in both glycolysis during respiration and the Calvin cycle during photosynthesis...
to ADP
Adenosine diphosphate
Adenosine diphosphate, abbreviated ADP, is a nucleoside diphosphate. It is an ester of pyrophosphoric acid with the nucleoside adenosine. ADP consists of the pyrophosphate group, the pentose sugar ribose, and the nucleobase adenine....
, forming ATP
Adenosine triphosphate
Adenosine-5'-triphosphate is a multifunctional nucleoside triphosphate used in cells as a coenzyme. It is often called the "molecular unit of currency" of intracellular energy transfer. ATP transports chemical energy within cells for metabolism...
and 3-Phosphoglycerate.
Phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) is an enzyme that catalyses the formation of ATP
Adenosine triphosphate
Adenosine-5'-triphosphate is a multifunctional nucleoside triphosphate used in cells as a coenzyme. It is often called the "molecular unit of currency" of intracellular energy transfer. ATP transports chemical energy within cells for metabolism...
to ADP
Adenosine diphosphate
Adenosine diphosphate, abbreviated ADP, is a nucleoside diphosphate. It is an ester of pyrophosphoric acid with the nucleoside adenosine. ADP consists of the pyrophosphate group, the pentose sugar ribose, and the nucleobase adenine....
and vice versa. In the second step of the second phase in glycolysis, 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate
1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate
1,3-Bisphosphoglyceric acid is a 3-carbon organic molecule present in most, if not all, living organisms. It primarily exists as a metabolic intermediate in both glycolysis during respiration and the Calvin cycle during photosynthesis...
is converted to 3-phosphoglycerate, forming one molecule of ATP. If the reverse were to occur, one molecule of ADP would be formed. This reaction is essential in most cells for the generation of ATP in aerobes, for fermentation in anaerobes and for carbon fixation in plants.
PGK is found in all living organisms and its sequence has been highly conserved throughout evolution. The enzyme exists as a monomer containing two nearly equal-sized domains that correspond to the N- and C-termini of the protein. 3-phosphoglycerate (3-PG) binds to the N-terminal, while the nucleotide substrates, MgATP or MgADP, bind to the C-terminal domain of the enzyme. This extended two-domain structure is associated with large-scale 'hinge-bending' conformational changes, similar to those found in hexokinase.
At the core of each domain is a 6-stranded parallel beta-sheet surrounded by alpha helices. The two lobes are capable of folding independently, consistent with the presence of intermediates on the folding pathway
Protein folding
Protein folding is the process by which a protein structure assumes its functional shape or conformation. It is the physical process by which a polypeptide folds into its characteristic and functional three-dimensional structure from random coil....
with a single domain folded.
Phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) deficiency is associated with haemolytic anaemia and mental disorders in humans.