Phoenix Technologies
Encyclopedia
Phoenix Technologies Ltd designs, develops and supports core system software for personal computers and other computing devices. Phoenix's products — commonly referred to as BIOS
BIOS
In IBM PC compatible computers, the basic input/output system , also known as the System BIOS or ROM BIOS , is a de facto standard defining a firmware interface....

 (Basic Input/Output System) or firmware — support and enable the compatibility, connectivity, security and management of the various components and technologies used in such devices. Phoenix Technologies and IBM
IBM
International Business Machines Corporation or IBM is an American multinational technology and consulting corporation headquartered in Armonk, New York, United States. IBM manufactures and sells computer hardware and software, and it offers infrastructure, hosting and consulting services in areas...

 developed the El Torito
El Torito (CD-ROM standard)
The El Torito Bootable CD Specification is an extension to the ISO 9660 CD-ROM specification. It is designed to allow a computer to boot from a CD-ROM...

 standard.

Phoenix sells its products primarily to computer and component device manufacturers. The company also provides training, consulting, maintenance and engineering services to its customers.

Phoenix also designs, develops and supports software products and services that provide PC users, especially mobile devices, with enhanced device utility, reliability and security. Phoenix's portfolio of products and services includes software that helps users to locate and manage portable devices that have been lost or stolen as well as software that allow certain applications to operate on the computing device independently of the device’s primary operating system.

Although the true consumers of these products and services are enterprises, governments, service providers and individuals, Phoenix typically licenses these products to OEMs and ODMs to assist them in making their products attractive to those end-users.

Phoenix competes for sales primarily with in-house research and development (“R&D”) departments of PC and component manufacturers such as Dell
Dell
Dell, Inc. is an American multinational information technology corporation based in 1 Dell Way, Round Rock, Texas, United States, that develops, sells and supports computers and related products and services. Bearing the name of its founder, Michael Dell, the company is one of the largest...

 Inc., Hewlett-Packard
Hewlett-Packard
Hewlett-Packard Company or HP is an American multinational information technology corporation headquartered in Palo Alto, California, USA that provides products, technologies, softwares, solutions and services to consumers, small- and medium-sized businesses and large enterprises, including...

 Company, Toshiba
Toshiba
is a multinational electronics and electrical equipment corporation headquartered in Tokyo, Japan. It is a diversified manufacturer and marketer of electrical products, spanning information & communications equipment and systems, Internet-based solutions and services, electronic components and...

 Corporation, Apple Inc., and Intel. Phoenix also competes for sales with other independent suppliers, including American Megatrends
American Megatrends
American Megatrends Incorporated is an American hardware and software company that specializes in PC hardware and firmware. The company was founded in 1985 by Pat Sarma and S. Shankar, who was chairman and president...

 Inc., a privately held U.S. company, and Insyde Software
Insyde Software
Insyde Software is a company listed on the Gre Tai Market of Taiwan. It is headquartered in Taipei with offices in Westborough, MA and Portland, OR, USA. The company's market capitalization of the company's common shares is currently around $115M...

 Corp., a public company based and listed in Taiwan.

Phoenix was incorporated in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts in September 1979, and was reincorporated in the State of Delaware in December 1986. Headquarters are in Milpitas, California
Milpitas, California
Milpitas is a city in Santa Clara County, California. It is a suburb of the major city of San Jose, California. It is located with San Jose to its south and Fremont to its north, at the eastern end of State Route 237 and generally between Interstates 680 and 880 which run roughly north/south...

.

History

In 1979, Neil Colvin formed what was then called Phoenix Software Associates after his prior employer, Xitan
Technical Design Labs
Technical Design Labs was an early producer of personal computers. The company's Xitan had an S-100 bus and a Z-80-based CPU.The company was later renamed Xitan, in honor of its primary product....

, went out of business. Neil hired Dave Hirschman, a former Xitan employee. During 1980–1981, they rented office space for the first official Phoenix location at 151 Franklin Street, Boston, Massachusetts.

In this same time period Phoenix purchased a non-exclusive license for Seattle Computer Products
Seattle Computer Products
Seattle Computer Products was a Seattle, Washington microcomputer hardware company which was one of the first manufacturers of computer systems based on the 16-bit Intel 8086 processor...

 86-DOS. Phoenix developed customized versions of 86-DOS (or sometimes called PDOS for Phoenix DOS
DOS
DOS, short for "Disk Operating System", is an acronym for several closely related operating systems that dominated the IBM PC compatible market between 1981 and 1995, or until about 2000 if one includes the partially DOS-based Microsoft Windows versions 95, 98, and Millennium Edition.Related...

) for various microprocessor
Microprocessor
A microprocessor incorporates the functions of a computer's central processing unit on a single integrated circuit, or at most a few integrated circuits. It is a multipurpose, programmable device that accepts digital data as input, processes it according to instructions stored in its memory, and...

 platforms. Phoenix also provided PMate as a replacement for Edlin
Edlin
Edlin is a line editor included with MS-DOS and later Microsoft operating systems. It provides rudimentary capabilities for editing plain text files through a command-driven interface. Line numbers are specified using numerals, and operations are specified using single-character alphabetic...

 as the DOS file editor. Phoenix also developed C language
C (programming language)
C is a general-purpose computer programming language developed between 1969 and 1973 by Dennis Ritchie at the Bell Telephone Laboratories for use with the Unix operating system....

 libraries, called PForCe, along with Plink-86, an overlay linker. These products only provided a small revenue stream to Phoenix during the early 1980s and the company did not significantly expand in size.

With the success of the IBM PC in 1983, Phoenix decided to provide an IBM PC compatible ROM BIOS to the PC market. A licensable ROM BIOS would allow clone PC manufacturers to run the same applications, and even the MS-DOS that was being used by IBM. However, to do this Phoenix needed a strategy for defense against IBM copyright infringement lawsuits. IBM would claim that the Phoenix programmers had copied parts of the IBM BIOS code published by IBM in its Technical Reference manuals. Due to the nature of low-level programming two well-written pieces of code that perform the same function there will inevitably be some degree of similarity. As such it would be impossible for Phoenix to defend itself on the grounds that no part of its BIOS matched IBM's. Phoenix developed a "clean room
Clean room design
Clean room design is the method of copying a design by reverse engineering and then recreating it without infringing any of the copyrights and trade secrets associated with the original design. Clean room design is useful as a defense against copyright and trade secret infringement because it...

" technique that isolated the engineers who had been contaminated by reading the IBM source listings in the IBM Technical Reference Manuals. The contaminated engineers wrote specifications for the BIOS APIs and provided the specifications to "clean" engineers who had not been exposed to IBM BIOS source code. Those "clean" engineers developed code from scratch to mimic the BIOS APIs. This technique provided Phoenix with a defensibly non-infringing IBM PC-compatible ROM BIOS. Because the programmers who wrote the Phoenix code had never read IBM's reference manuals, nothing they wrote could have been copied from IBM's code, no matter how closely the two matched. The first Phoenix PC ROM BIOS was introduced in May, 1984, and helped fuel the growth in the PC industry.

The availability of an IBM PC-compatible ROM BIOS helped fuel the 70% increase in sales that Phoenix experienced in 1988. Phoenix also developed IBM Personal System/2 Micro Channel BIOS, including the ABIOS, and EISA
Extended Industry Standard Architecture
The Extended Industry Standard Architecture is a bus standard for IBM PC compatible computers...

 compatible BIOS during 1988 and 1989.

In 1987, Phoenix began the first of many expansion, acquisition, and collapse cycles. It acquired Softstyle, Inc, and Softset, Inc, and began a printer emulation product line, and a Phoenix publishing division. Phoenix also tripled the number of employees from late 1986 to 1989.

Stock

Phoenix launched an IPO in June 1988 and made the founder and early employees instant millionaires on paper. The stock price did not sustain its peak of 18¾, and by late 1989 it had plummeted to 3¾. In addition Phoenix posted a loss of 7.7 million dollars in 1989, due primarily to the consolidation of the PC market, and Phoenix's unsuccessful branching out into collateral markets. After that, Ron Fisher took over as CEO and Phoenix again focused on the core PC BIOS products, and prevented a hostile takeover bid by Norwood Partners Limited Partnership.

1990s – Expansion

By 1992 Phoenix was financially healthy enough to start another expansion and acquisition cycle. In 1992, Phoenix acquired Quadtel, a leading BIOS supplier. The Quadtel BIOS code base was newer than the original Phoenix ROM BIOS code base, and the development effort switched to the Quadtel products. It was rebranded as PhoenixBIOS. The original ROM BIOS code base was used on a joint development effort with David Keenan at IBM (called SurePath), but Phoenix did no further development work on the original code.

Phoenix also expanded its presence in foreign markets. In 1993 Phoenix acquired SRI KK, a Phoenix distributor, and formed the Phoenix KK Japanese subsidiary. In addition, the offices in Taipei, and Europe were expanded in size. In 1994, Phoenix acquired UK-based DIP Research and continued to expand European operations. In 1996, Phoenix acquired Virtual Chips, Inc., a maker of synthesizable cores for PC peripherals, and Mountain View, California
Mountain View, California
-Downtown:Mountain View has a pedestrian-friendly downtown centered on Castro Street. The downtown area consists of the seven blocks of Castro Street from the Downtown Mountain View Station transit center in the north to the intersection with El Camino Real in the south...

-based Award Software
Award Software
Award Software International Inc. was a BIOS manufacturer headquartered in Mountain View, California, United States.In June 1997 Award announced that it acquired a BIOS upgrade provider called Unicore, making it a subsidiary of Award....

 in 1998. Due to these expansions, Phoenix reduced its global work force by 5% by ending 38 jobs.

2001 – Consolidation

Phoenix continued to grow steadily from the late 1990s, and saw a significant increase in revenues from the Y2K
Year 2000 problem
The Year 2000 problem was a problem for both digital and non-digital documentation and data storage situations which resulted from the practice of abbreviating a four-digit year to two digits.In computer programs, the practice of representing the year with two...

 product refreshes in the PC industry. However by mid 2001 the PC industry suffered another downturn, and Phoenix was forced to reduce the less profitable product lines, such as the IA-64 effort, and close a number of redundant offices. Phoenix again focused on the core BIOS business for the next few years.

2003 – Expansion

During late 2002 and 2003, Phoenix began to develop specialized firmware-based applications. These applications often had components embedded in the BIOS that allowed them to function in damaged PC systems. These included security applications for password hiding and authentication, PC backup and recovery applications, and basic diagnostic applications. Several applications were obtained through complete acquisitions of other companies, such as the SPEKE
SPEKE (cryptography)
SPEKE is a cryptographic method for password-authenticated key agreement.-Description:The protocol consists of little more than a Diffie-Hellman key exchange where the Diffie-Hellman generator g is created from a hash of the password.Here is one simple form of SPEKE:# Alice and Bob agree to use an...

 technology from Integrity Sciences, or the browser technology from Ravisent.

The PC BIOS business continued its steady, but slow, growth despite a rapidly declining unit price. The Award product line was focused on the low-margin, high volume Desktop product line, while the Phoenix TrustedCore BIOS was primarily successful in the high-end PC systems, and Servers. The revenues from the BIOS business continued to provide the capital to invest further in the applications business.

2006 – Consolidation

By late 2005, it became clear that the BIOS revenues could not sustain the losses incurred by the applications business. The BIOS revenue stream was heavily leveraged through fully paid-up licenses, and by early 2006 this business model was no longer sustainable. Phoenix announced some of the largest losses in the company history, and went through another consolidation cycle. Several offices were closed and over 70% of the employees were laid off. By late 2006, after senior management changes, the company refocused on the PC BIOS business and the couple of potentially profitable applications.

In September, the company named Woodson "Woody" Hobbs as president and CEO of Phoenix Technologies. Hobbs had a history of turning struggling companies around. According to company documents, "prior to joining Phoenix, Hobbs served as president and CEO of Intellisync Corporation from 2002 until the company's acquisition by Nokia in February 2006. Under Hobbs' leadership, Intellisync became the number two wireless email company, increased its stock price by nearly ten times, and grew enterprise value
Enterprise value
Enterprise value , Total enterprise value , or Firm value is an economic measure reflecting the market value of a whole business. It is a sum of claims of all the security-holders: debtholders, preferred shareholders, minority shareholders, common equity holders, and others...

 from zero to over $430 million."

2008 – Expansion

By January 2008, Phoenix had posted higher-than-expected Q1 revenues and increased full year guidance.

In 2008, Phoenix also acquired several companies to diversify its product line:
  • In May, Phoenix acquired BeInSync, Ltd., an Israeli-based provider of an all-in-one solution that allows users to back up, synchronize, share and access data online. Although Phoenix did not disclose the amount of the transaction, according to at least one online report, Phoenix acquired BeInSync for $25 million.

  • In July, in an effort to develop a strong online presence and infrastructure for web-based automated service delivery, Phoenix acquired Touchstone Software Corporation for its online PC diagnostics and software update technology, eSupport.com this included the recently purchased HijackPro and Drivermagic software from Glenn Bluff.

The net value of the transaction was approximately $17 million.
  • In September, Phoenix acquired General Software of Bellevue, Wash. to extend its firmware leadership to a wide array of specialized high-value, high-margin devices that use embedded processors (embedded systems), from mobile and consumer electronics to data communications.

2009 – Consolidation

In 2009, Phoenix shut down their Engineering and Sales offices in Shanghai
Shanghai
Shanghai is the largest city by population in China and the largest city proper in the world. It is one of the four province-level municipalities in the People's Republic of China, with a total population of over 23 million as of 2010...

 and Nanjing
Nanjing
' is the capital of Jiangsu province in China and has a prominent place in Chinese history and culture, having been the capital of China on several occasions...

, China
China
Chinese civilization may refer to:* China for more general discussion of the country.* Chinese culture* Greater China, the transnational community of ethnic Chinese.* History of China* Sinosphere, the area historically affected by Chinese culture...

. Phoenix also laid off most of the staff in those offices, although some of the managers were moved to other offices in Taiwan
Taiwan
Taiwan , also known, especially in the past, as Formosa , is the largest island of the same-named island group of East Asia in the western Pacific Ocean and located off the southeastern coast of mainland China. The island forms over 99% of the current territory of the Republic of China following...

. Phoenix opened a new office in Bangalore, India and closed it's office in Hyderabad, India. Most of the Hyderabad employees were given the option to move to the new Bangalore office.

In late Q4 2009, Phoenix began exploring strategic alternatives for the products it had developed and purchased in its prior acquisition phase. On January 5, 2010, Phoenix announced it had hired GrowthPoint Technology partners to find alternative business strategies for the FailSafe, HyperSpace and eSupport.com products. Phoenix will refocus its business strategy on BIOS where it still retains a substantial majority of its revenue.

2010 – Product Buyout

On April 9, 2010 it was announced that Absolute Software would pay $6.9 million for Phoenix Technologies security technologies, including FailSafe and Freeze.

On June 12, 2010 it was announced that Hewlett-Packard would be purchasing Phoenix Technologies instant-on operating system technologies, including HyperSpace, HyperCore and Flip.

FailSafe

Phoenix FailSafe is a theft-deterrence product and service that provides the ability to protect, track, and manage lost or stolen mobile computing devices and the data on those devices. PC owners can remotely retrieve and erase the content stored on their mobile PCs and remotely disable the device if necessary. Basic elements include a PC agent, an Internet-connected command and control center, and a Web-based management interface.

With FailSafe, PC owners can often tell the location of their monitored PCs and they have the ability to "kill" their PCs with an SMS
SMS
SMS is a form of text messaging communication on phones and mobile phones. The terms SMS or sms may also refer to:- Computer hardware :...

 (text message) to protect their digital data subject to the restrictions mentioned above. Lenovo uses the technology in its line of 2009 ThinkPad notebooks.

HyperSpace

Phoenix HyperSpace is a compact and reasonably secure Linux
Linux
Linux is a Unix-like computer operating system assembled under the model of free and open source software development and distribution. The defining component of any Linux system is the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released October 5, 1991 by Linus Torvalds...

-based application environment on the PC that runs side-by-side with an OS such as Microsoft Windows Vista. This environment enables PC users to benefit by having key productivity and lifestyle applications available instant-on in a very predictable fashion, while at the same time being able to run all of their Windows applications at full performance.

Benefits of HyperSpace include instant-on access to applications and a more secure environment less prone to viruses, malware and other external attacks that generally target Windows. Users still have access to their most-used applications, such as a Web browser and e-mail, even when Windows is booting, shutting down, on standby or has crashed. Users can press the 'F4' key to bypass Windows with Phoenix's fast boot technology.

DriverAgent

DriverAgent is a driver update service and part of Phoenix's eSupport.com line. It scans PCs or notebooks and identifies hardware and outdated drivers with the help of a database containing over 1 million driver update files.

BIOSAgentPlus

BIOSAgentPlus updates the system BIOS and device drivers. BIOSAgentPlus is part of Phoenix's eSupport.com line.

RegistryWizard

RegistryWizard is an all-in-one tool for correcting errors in the PC's registry. RegistryWizard removes third party software that causes the system to run slowly. Consumers receive a complete registry report detailing harmful system conflicts and errors. RegistryWizard is part of Phoenix's eSupport.com line.

Phoenix Freeze

Phoenix Freeze is a solution for laptops and netbooks running Windows XP/Vista that combines with a Bluetooth-enabled smartphone to provide a proximity locking system. It will automatically lock down a laptop whenever a person walks away from it with a Bluetooth-enabled smartphone. When the smartphone returns within a certain proximity of the laptop that is pre-defined, it automatically unlocks the laptop.

UndeletePlus

UndeletePlus restores deleted files. It can also recover files that have been emptied from the Recycle Bin, permanently deleted files within Windows using the shortcut, and files that have been deleted from within a Command Prompt
Command Prompt
Command Prompt is the Microsoft-supplied command-line interpreter on OS/2, Windows CE and on Windows NT-based operating systems...

. Users can also restore files that had been deleted from a flash memory drive. UndeletePlus is part of Phoenix's eSupport.com line.

See also

  • American Megatrends
    American Megatrends
    American Megatrends Incorporated is an American hardware and software company that specializes in PC hardware and firmware. The company was founded in 1985 by Pat Sarma and S. Shankar, who was chairman and president...

  • Insyde Software
    Insyde Software
    Insyde Software is a company listed on the Gre Tai Market of Taiwan. It is headquartered in Taipei with offices in Westborough, MA and Portland, OR, USA. The company's market capitalization of the company's common shares is currently around $115M...


External links

The source of this article is wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.  The text of this article is licensed under the GFDL.
 
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