Phendimetrazine
Encyclopedia
Phendimetrazine is a stimulant
drug
of the morpholine
chemical class used as an appetite suppressant.
to phenmetrazine
, and approximately 30% of any given oral dose is converted into it. Phendimetrazine can essentially be thought of as an extended release and less abusable version of phenmetrazine. Phenmetrazine (and therefore phendimetrazine as well) acts as a norepinephrine
-dopamine
releasing agent
(NDRA).
Its structure incorporates the backbone of methamphetamine
, a potent CNS stimulant. Whilst adding an N-methyl group to the structure of amphetamine significantly increases its potency and bioavailability, in the case of phendimetrazine the added methyl group results in the compound becoming virtually inactive, at least until the methyl group is removed by the body's metabolism. This results in a steady, continued activation of the drug in the body, both lowering abuse potential and allowing for once-daily administration. However, the abuse potential is significantly high that it is only rarely prescribed today.
Phendimetrazine is as potent as amphetamine and is a Schedule III drug under the Convention on Psychotropic Substances
. In the United States
, phendimetrazine is a Schedule III controlled substance
under the Uniform Controlled Substances Act
of 1970.
According to the "List of psychotropic substances under international control", phendimetrazine is a Schedule IV controlled substance. Phendimetrazine is listed as a Schedule III substance under the U.S. Controlled Substance Act in the 2007 Drug Identification Bible, pg 615 and under Section 11056(b)(6) California Health and Safety Code
.
Stimulant
Stimulants are psychoactive drugs which induce temporary improvements in either mental or physical function or both. Examples of these kinds of effects may include enhanced alertness, wakefulness, and locomotion, among others...
drug
Drug
A drug, broadly speaking, is any substance that, when absorbed into the body of a living organism, alters normal bodily function. There is no single, precise definition, as there are different meanings in drug control law, government regulations, medicine, and colloquial usage.In pharmacology, a...
of the morpholine
Morpholine
Morpholine is an organic chemical compound having the chemical formula O2NH. This heterocycle, pictured at right, features both amine and ether functional groups. Because of the amine, morpholine is a base; its conjugate acid is called morpholinium...
chemical class used as an appetite suppressant.
Pharmacology
Phendimetrazine functions as a prodrugProdrug
A prodrug is a pharmacological substance administered in an inactive form. Once administered, the prodrug is metabolised in vivo into an active metabolite, a process termed bioactivation. The rationale behind the use of a prodrug is generally for absorption, distribution, metabolism, and...
to phenmetrazine
Phenmetrazine
Phenmetrazine is a stimulant drug of the morpholine chemical class that was previously used as an appetite suppressant, but has since been withdrawn from the market...
, and approximately 30% of any given oral dose is converted into it. Phendimetrazine can essentially be thought of as an extended release and less abusable version of phenmetrazine. Phenmetrazine (and therefore phendimetrazine as well) acts as a norepinephrine
Norepinephrine
Norepinephrine is the US name for noradrenaline , a catecholamine with multiple roles including as a hormone and a neurotransmitter...
-dopamine
Dopamine
Dopamine is a catecholamine neurotransmitter present in a wide variety of animals, including both vertebrates and invertebrates. In the brain, this substituted phenethylamine functions as a neurotransmitter, activating the five known types of dopamine receptors—D1, D2, D3, D4, and D5—and their...
releasing agent
Releasing agent
A releasing agent , or simply releaser, is a drug that induces the release of a neurotransmitter from the presynaptic neuron into the synapse, leading to an increase in the extracellular concentrations of the neurotransmitter. Many drugs use neurotransmitter release to exert their psychological and...
(NDRA).
Its structure incorporates the backbone of methamphetamine
Methamphetamine
Methamphetamine is a psychostimulant of the phenethylamine and amphetamine class of psychoactive drugs...
, a potent CNS stimulant. Whilst adding an N-methyl group to the structure of amphetamine significantly increases its potency and bioavailability, in the case of phendimetrazine the added methyl group results in the compound becoming virtually inactive, at least until the methyl group is removed by the body's metabolism. This results in a steady, continued activation of the drug in the body, both lowering abuse potential and allowing for once-daily administration. However, the abuse potential is significantly high that it is only rarely prescribed today.
Legality
Convention on Psychotropic Substances
The Convention on Psychotropic Substances of 1971 is a United Nations treaty designed to control psychoactive drugs such as amphetamines, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, and psychedelics signed at Vienna on February 21, 1971...
. In the United States
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
, phendimetrazine is a Schedule III controlled substance
Controlled substance
A controlled substance is generally a drug or chemical whose manufacture, possession, or use are regulated by a government. This may include illegal drugs and prescription medications ....
under the Uniform Controlled Substances Act
Controlled Substances Act
The Controlled Substances Act was enacted into law by the Congress of the United States as Title II of the Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970. The CSA is the federal U.S. drug policy under which the manufacture, importation, possession, use and distribution of certain...
of 1970.
According to the "List of psychotropic substances under international control", phendimetrazine is a Schedule IV controlled substance. Phendimetrazine is listed as a Schedule III substance under the U.S. Controlled Substance Act in the 2007 Drug Identification Bible, pg 615 and under Section 11056(b)(6) California Health and Safety Code
California Health and Safety Code
California Law consists of 29 codes, covering various subject areas, the State Constitution and Statutes. The California Health and Safety Code is the code covering the subject areas of health and safety.-External links:...
.
See also
- FenbutrazateFenbutrazateFenbutrazate , also known as phenbutrazate , is a psychostimulant used as an appetite suppressant under the trade names Cafilon, Filon, and Sabacid in Europe, Japan, and Hong Kong. It is a derivative of phenmetrazine and may function as a prodrug to it similarly to phendimetrazine...
- MorazoneMorazoneMorazone is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug originally developed by the German pharmaceutical company Ravensberg in the 1950s.Morazone is used as an analgesic....
- ManifaxineManifaxineManifaxine is a drug developed by GlaxoSmithKline through structural modification of radafaxine, the active metabolite of bupropion. It acts as a norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor...
- RadafaxineRadafaxineRadafaxine is drug candidate designated GW-353,162 by GlaxoSmithKline, investigated for treatment of restless leg syndrome and as an NDRI antidepressant...
- PhenmetrazinePhenmetrazinePhenmetrazine is a stimulant drug of the morpholine chemical class that was previously used as an appetite suppressant, but has since been withdrawn from the market...
- G-130G-130G-130 is a drug with stimulant and anorectic effects, related to phenmetrazine.-Structural analogs :...
- 2-Phenyl-3,6-dimethylmorpholine2-Phenyl-3,6-dimethylmorpholine2-Phenyl-3,6-dimethylmorpholine is a drug with stimulant and anorectic effects, related to phenmetrazine.-See also:* G-130 * Phendimetrazine * Manifaxine* Radafaxine...