Pervomartovtsi
Encyclopedia
Pervomartovtsy were the Russian revolutionaries, members of Narodnaya Volya, planners and executors of the assassination
Assassination
To carry out an assassination is "to murder by a sudden and/or secret attack, often for political reasons." Alternatively, assassination may be defined as "the act of deliberately killing someone, especially a public figure, usually for hire or for political reasons."An assassination may be...

 of Alexander II of Russia
Alexander II of Russia
Alexander II , also known as Alexander the Liberator was the Emperor of the Russian Empire from 3 March 1855 until his assassination in 1881...

 (March 1, 1881) and attempted murder
Attempted murder
Attempted murder is a crime in England and Wales and Northern Ireland.-Today:In English criminal law, attempted murder is the crime of more than merely preparing to commit unlawful killing and at the same time having a specific intention to cause the death of human being under the Queen's Peace...

 of Alexander III of Russia
Alexander III of Russia
Alexander Alexandrovich Romanov , historically remembered as Alexander III or Alexander the Peacemaker reigned as Emperor of Russia from until his death on .-Disposition:...

 (March 1, 1887, also known as "The Second First of March").

The assassination in 1881 was planned by Narodnaya Volya's Executive Committee. Andrei Zhelyabov
Andrei Zhelyabov
Andrey Ivanovich Zhelyabov , Russian revolutionary, member of the Executive Committee of Narodnaya Volya....

 was the main organizer. After his arrest on February 27, he was replaced by Sophia Perovskaya.

Alexander II was killed on March 1, 1881 by a bomb
Bomb
A bomb is any of a range of explosive weapons that only rely on the exothermic reaction of an explosive material to provide an extremely sudden and violent release of energy...

, thrown by Ignacy Hryniewiecki
Ignacy Hryniewiecki
Ignaty Gryniewietsky , 1856 – 13 March 1881) was a member of the People's Will and the assassin of Tsar Alexander II of Russia.-Early life:...

. All survived accomplices - Zhelyabov, Perovskaya, Nikolai Kibalchich
Nikolai Kibalchich
Nikolai Ivanovich Kibalchich was a Russian revolutionary, taking part in the assassination of Tsar Alexander II as the main explosive expert for Narodnaya Volya , and also a rocket pioneer...

, Gesya Gelfman
Gesya Gelfman
Gesya Mirokhovna Gelfman ; , Russian revolutionary, member of Narodnaya Volya,...

, Timofei Mikhailov, Nikolai Rysakov
Nikolai Rysakov
Nikolai Rysakov was a Russian revolutionary and a member of Narodnaya Volya. He personally took part in the assassination of Tsar Alexander II, throwing a bomb that disabled the Tsar's carriage. A second bomb by an accomplice, Ignacy Hryniewiecki, was fatal to the Tsar...

 - were tried by the Special Tribunal of the Ruling Senate
Special Tribunal of the Ruling Senate
Special Tribunal of the Ruling Senate for Investigation of Crimes Against State and Illegal Associations was a judicial body in Imperial Russia, established on June 7 of 1872 by the order of Alexander II due to his discontent over the sentence, awarded by the Petersburg Court of Law to the...

 on March 26-29 and sentenced to death by hanging. On April 3, 1881 five Pervomartovtsy were hanged
Hanging
Hanging is the lethal suspension of a person by a ligature. The Oxford English Dictionary states that hanging in this sense is "specifically to put to death by suspension by the neck", though it formerly also referred to crucifixion and death by impalement in which the body would remain...

 (except for Gelfman, whose execution had been postponed due to her pregnancy
Pregnancy
Pregnancy refers to the fertilization and development of one or more offspring, known as a fetus or embryo, in a woman's uterus. In a pregnancy, there can be multiple gestations, as in the case of twins or triplets...

 and was later exchanged for katorga
Katorga
Katorga was a system of penal servitude of the prison farm type in Tsarist Russia...

 for indefinite period of time; she nevertheless died of a post-natal complication in prison).

The second "First of March" was planned by members of the "terrorist faction" of Narodnaya Volya, including Aleksandr Ulyanov
Aleksandr Ulyanov
Aleksandr Ilyich Ulyanov was a Russian revolutionary and a terrorist, convicted of attempted assassination of Alexander III. He was an older brother of Vladimir Lenin.- Life :...

. On March 1, 1887, they came to St. Petersburg's Nevsky Prospekt
Nevsky Prospekt
Nevsky Avenue |Prospekt]]) is the main street in the city of St. Petersburg, Russia. Planned by Peter the Great as beginning of the road to Novgorod and Moscow, the avenue runs from the Admiralty to the Moscow Railway Station and, after making a turn at Vosstaniya Square, to the Alexander...

 with bombs and waited for the Tsar
Tsar
Tsar is a title used to designate certain European Slavic monarchs or supreme rulers. As a system of government in the Tsardom of Russia and Russian Empire, it is known as Tsarist autocracy, or Tsarism...

's carriage to pass by. However, they were arrested on the spot before his arrival. All of the 15 accomplices - Aleksandr Ulyanov
Aleksandr Ulyanov
Aleksandr Ilyich Ulyanov was a Russian revolutionary and a terrorist, convicted of attempted assassination of Alexander III. He was an older brother of Vladimir Lenin.- Life :...

, Petr Shevyrev
Petr Shevyrev
Pyotr Yakovlevich Shevyryov , Russian revolutionary, member of Narodnaya Volya....

 (main organizers), Pakhomiy Andreyushkin
Pakhomiy Andreyushkin
Pakhomy Ivanovich Adreyushkin , 1865 – May 8,1887) was a Russian revolutionary, member of Narodnaya Volya.In 1886, Andreyushkin enrolled in St. Petersburg University...

, Vasili Generalov
Vasili Generalov
Vasily Denisovich Generalov .1867 - 5.8.1887) was a Russian revolutionary and a member of Narodnaya Volya.In 1886, Generalov enrolled in St. Petersburg University and later became a member of the "Terrorist Faction" of Narodnaya Volya. He took active part in preparing the assassination of Alexander...

, Vasili Osipanov
Vasili Osipanov
Vasili Stepanovich Osipanov , Russian revolutionary, member of Narodnaya Volya....

 (bombthrowers) and ten other people - were tried by the Special Senate Committee on April 15–19 and sentenced. The first five were hanged on May 8, 1887, the rest were sentenced to prison
Prison
A prison is a place in which people are physically confined and, usually, deprived of a range of personal freedoms. Imprisonment or incarceration is a legal penalty that may be imposed by the state for the commission of a crime...

, banishment, or katorga
Katorga
Katorga was a system of penal servitude of the prison farm type in Tsarist Russia...

.
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