Periodontal pathogen
Encyclopedia
Periodontal pathogens are bacteria
that have been shown to significantly contribute to periodontitis.
Although approximately 700 bacterial species have been identified in the oral cavity
and nearly 300 species have been cultured and found to contribute to the biofilm
of the periodontal pocket, there is a much smaller number of species that have been shown to be more closely related to the initial incidence
and continued persistence of periodontitis, including:
Bacteria
Bacteria are a large domain of prokaryotic microorganisms. Typically a few micrometres in length, bacteria have a wide range of shapes, ranging from spheres to rods and spirals...
that have been shown to significantly contribute to periodontitis.
Although approximately 700 bacterial species have been identified in the oral cavity
Mouth
The mouth is the first portion of the alimentary canal that receives food andsaliva. The oral mucosa is the mucous membrane epithelium lining the inside of the mouth....
and nearly 300 species have been cultured and found to contribute to the biofilm
Biofilm
A biofilm is an aggregate of microorganisms in which cells adhere to each other on a surface. These adherent cells are frequently embedded within a self-produced matrix of extracellular polymeric substance...
of the periodontal pocket, there is a much smaller number of species that have been shown to be more closely related to the initial incidence
Incidence
Incidence may refer to:* Incidence , a measure of the risk of developing some new condition within a specified period of time* Incidence , the binary relations describing how subsets meet...
and continued persistence of periodontitis, including:
- Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitansAggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitansAggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is an oral commensal found also in severe infections in the oral cavity, mainly the periodontium. A. actinomycetemcomitans, previously Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, is a gram negative facultative non-motile rod. It is also associated with non-oral...
- Porphyromonas gingivalisPorphyromonas gingivalisPorphyromonas gingivalis belongs to the phylum Bacteroidetes and is a non-motile, gram-negative, rod-shaped, anaerobic pathogenic bacterium. It forms black colonies on blood agar....
- Tannerella forsythia
- Treponema denticolaTreponema denticolaTreponema denticola is a motile and highly proteolytic bacterium. The Gram-negative oral spirochete is associated with the incidence and severity of human periodontal disease. Treponema denticola levels in the mouth are elevated in patients with periodontal diseases and the species is considered...
- Fusobacterium nucleatumFusobacterium nucleatumFusobacterium nucleatum is an oral bacterium, indigenous to the human oral cavity, that plays a role in periodontal disease. This organism is commonly recovered from different monomicrobial and mixed infections in humans and animals...
- Prevotella intermediaPrevotella intermediaPrevotella intermedia is a gram-negative obligate anaerobic pathogen involved in periodontal infections, including gingivitis and periodontitis, and often found in Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis . It is commonly isolated from Dentoalveolar abscesses, where obligate anaerobes...
- Eikenella corrodens
- Eubacterium nodatumEubacterium nodatumEubacterium nodatum is a Gram positive member of the oral flora of some patients with chronic periodontitis....