People's Architect of the USSR
Encyclopedia
People's Architect of the USSR , also sometimes translated as National Architect of the USSR, was an honorary title granted to citizens of the Soviet Union
; it was established on August 12, 1967 by Leonid Brezhnev
.
It was bestowed by the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet
of the USSR owing proposals addressed by the State Construction Committee or by the Soviet Architects' Union. The Supreme Soviet
could possibly refuse these designations.
A diploma of the Supreme Soviet
's presidency was given to those who were appointed People's Architect of the USSR jointly with the medal and its concerning certificate.
The title was bestowed to architects who had achieved stunning results in soviet architecture
's development either applying their expertise and creativity to the urban planning
or to the design of important building compounds for civil, industrial or rural use.
Following the Dissolution of the Soviet Union
(1990), by a decree of the Russian presidency, it was created the new title of Meritorious Architect of the Russian Federation.
and its shape was quadrangular (22,5 x 23,5 mm) with twisted corners.
The central part was occupied by the inscription "Народный архитектор СССР" (People's Architect of the USSR) and, below, the hammer and sickle
symbol.
Symbol and inscription and were embossed, with convex letters. The medal was suspended to a single red silk fringe (18 mm × 21 mm) to whom it was attached by a metallic buckle decorated with bay laurel
leaves.
Soviet Union
The Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....
; it was established on August 12, 1967 by Leonid Brezhnev
Leonid Brezhnev
Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev – 10 November 1982) was the General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union , presiding over the country from 1964 until his death in 1982. His eighteen-year term as General Secretary was second only to that of Joseph Stalin in...
.
It was bestowed by the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet
Presidium of the Supreme Soviet
The Presidium of the Supreme Soviet was a Soviet governmental institution – a permanent body of the Supreme Soviets . This body was of the all-Union level , as well as in all Soviet republics and autonomous republics...
of the USSR owing proposals addressed by the State Construction Committee or by the Soviet Architects' Union. The Supreme Soviet
Supreme Soviet
The Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union was the Supreme Soviet in the Soviet Union and the only one with the power to pass constitutional amendments...
could possibly refuse these designations.
A diploma of the Supreme Soviet
Supreme Soviet
The Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union was the Supreme Soviet in the Soviet Union and the only one with the power to pass constitutional amendments...
's presidency was given to those who were appointed People's Architect of the USSR jointly with the medal and its concerning certificate.
The title was bestowed to architects who had achieved stunning results in soviet architecture
Architecture
Architecture is both the process and product of planning, designing and construction. Architectural works, in the material form of buildings, are often perceived as cultural and political symbols and as works of art...
's development either applying their expertise and creativity to the urban planning
Urban planning
Urban planning incorporates areas such as economics, design, ecology, sociology, geography, law, political science, and statistics to guide and ensure the orderly development of settlements and communities....
or to the design of important building compounds for civil, industrial or rural use.
Following the Dissolution of the Soviet Union
Dissolution of the Soviet Union
The dissolution of the Soviet Union was the disintegration of the federal political structures and central government of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , resulting in the independence of all fifteen republics of the Soviet Union between March 11, 1990 and December 25, 1991...
(1990), by a decree of the Russian presidency, it was created the new title of Meritorious Architect of the Russian Federation.
Design
The medal was made of tombacTombac
Tombac, as spelled in French, or Tombak is a brass alloy with high copper content and 5-20% zinc content. Tin, lead or arsenic may be added for colouration.It is a cheap malleable alloy mainly used for medals, ornament, decoration and some munitions....
and its shape was quadrangular (22,5 x 23,5 mm) with twisted corners.
The central part was occupied by the inscription "Народный архитектор СССР" (People's Architect of the USSR) and, below, the hammer and sickle
Hammer and sickle
The hammer and sickle is a part of communist symbolism and its usage indicates an association with Communism, a Communist party, or a Communist state. It features a hammer and a sickle overlapping each other. The two tools are symbols of the industrial proletariat and the peasantry; placing them...
symbol.
Symbol and inscription and were embossed, with convex letters. The medal was suspended to a single red silk fringe (18 mm × 21 mm) to whom it was attached by a metallic buckle decorated with bay laurel
Bay Laurel
The bay laurel , also known as sweet bay, bay tree, true laurel, Grecian laurel, laurel tree, or simply laurel, is an aromatic evergreen tree or large shrub with green, glossy leaves, native to the Mediterranean region. It is the source of the bay leaf used in cooking...
leaves.
Some awarded architects
- Dmitry ChechulinDmitry ChechulinDmitry Nikolaevich Chechulin - was a Russian Soviet architect, city planner, author, and leading figure of Stalinist architecture.- Life :...
; awarded in 1971 - Ignaty Ivanovich Fomin (1904–1989); awarded in 1971; a prominent member of the Soviet Art Academy.
- Valentin Alexandrovich Kamensky (1907–1975); awarded in 1970; author of significant town plansUrban planningUrban planning incorporates areas such as economics, design, ecology, sociology, geography, law, political science, and statistics to guide and ensure the orderly development of settlements and communities....
among which the LeningradLeningradLeningrad is the former name of Saint Petersburg, Russia.Leningrad may also refer to:- Places :* Leningrad Oblast, a federal subject of Russia, around Saint Petersburg* Leningrad, Tajikistan, capital of Muminobod district in Khatlon Province...
city plan; he also directed the post-war reconstruction works in several USSR places. - Vladimir Korol (1912–1980); architect, pedagoguePedagogyPedagogy is the study of being a teacher or the process of teaching. The term generally refers to strategies of instruction, or a style of instruction....
and later politician of BelarusBelarusBelarus , officially the Republic of Belarus, is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe, bordered clockwise by Russia to the northeast, Ukraine to the south, Poland to the west, and Lithuania and Latvia to the northwest. Its capital is Minsk; other major cities include Brest, Grodno , Gomel ,...
. - Boris IofanBoris IofanBoris Mihailovich Iofan was a Russian Soviet architect, known for his Stalinist architecture buildings like 1931 House on Embankment and the 1931-1933 winning draft of the Palace of Soviets.- Background :...
; awarded 1970; designer of the Palace of the Soviets - Georgi Mikhailovich Orlov (1901–1985), awarded in 1970; mainly active in industrial building design, he directed in particular the hydroelectric exploitation projects of Kakhovskoy (DniesterDniesterThe Dniester is a river in Eastern Europe. It runs through Ukraine and Moldova and separates most of Moldova's territory from the breakaway de facto state of Transnistria.-Names:...
river, 1951–1955) and BratskBratsk hydroelectric plantThe Bratsk Hydroelectric Power Station is a concrete gravity dam on the Angara River and adjacent hydroelectric power station. It is the second level of the Angara River hydroelectric stations cascade in Irkutsk Oblast, Russia. Located in Bratsk...
(1960–1967); he also was elected first secretary of the USSR Architect Union. - Mikayil Useynov (1905–1992); leading architect of AzerbaijanAzerbaijanAzerbaijan , officially the Republic of Azerbaijan is the largest country in the Caucasus region of Eurasia. Located at the crossroads of Western Asia and Eastern Europe, it is bounded by the Caspian Sea to the east, Russia to the north, Georgia to the northwest, Armenia to the west, and Iran to...
during its Sovietic period.
See also
- Awards and decorations of the Soviet UnionAwards and decorations of the Soviet UnionAwards and decorations of the Soviet Union are decorations from the Former Soviet Union that recognised achievements and personal accomplishments, both military and civilian. Some of the awards, decorations and orders were discontinued after the dissolution of the Soviet Union, while others still...
- People's Artist of the USSRPeople's Artist of the USSRPeople's Artist of the USSR, also sometimes translated as National Artist of the USSR, was an honorary title granted to citizens of the Soviet Union.- Nomenclature and significance :...
- People's Doctor of the USSRPeople's Doctor of the USSRPeople's Doctor of the USSR was an honorary title granted to citizens of the Soviet Union; it was established in 25 October 1977 by Leonid Brezhnev and its creation was officialised on the n°44/1977 issue of Suprem Soviet's official journal....
- People's Teacher of the USSRPeople's Teacher of the USSRPeople's Teacher of the USSR was an honorary title granted to citizens of the Soviet Union; it was established in 30 December 1977.Following the Dissolution of the Soviet Union the title was modified in National Teacher of the Russian Federation....