Pazin
Encyclopedia
Pazin is the administrative seat of Istria County
in Croatia
. The town has a population of 4,986 (2001), the total Pazin municipality population is 9,227 (2001). In 1991 it was made the capital of the župa
nija for its location in the geographical center of the Istria
peninsula and in order to boost the development of its interior territories.
to the Diocese of Poreč. It then belonged to the Imperial March of Istria
, which had originally had been under the suzerainty of the newly established Duchy of Carinthia
in 976, but separated together with the March of Carniola
in 1040.
In the 12th century Mitterburg Castle was in possession of the Lower Carniola
n count Meinhard of Schwarzenburg, who held the office of a Vogt
of the Poreč bishops (in Latin documents he is known as Cernogradus), and established the Pazin County (earldom). Upon his death, Pazin was inherited by his son-in-law Count Engelbert III of Gorizia (Görz) in 1186.
While most of Istria had gradually been annexed by Venice
, Engelbert's descendant Count Albert III of Gorizia in 1374 bequested his Mitterburg estates to the Austrian House of Habsburg, who attached them to their Duchy of Carniola
and gave it out in fief to various families, the last of which was the comital House of Montecuccoli
from 1766.
.
The Pazin ponor
(Pazinska jama/Foiba) located under the castle was partially explored by Édouard-Alfred Martel
in 1896 and is the best example of karst
hydrography and morphology in Istria. Castle and a gorge inspired Jules Verne
for the novel Mathias Sandorf
of 1885.
Istria County
Istria County is the westernmost county of Croatia which includes the biggest part of the Istrian peninsula . The area of the county is called Istra in Croatian and Slovene...
in Croatia
Croatia
Croatia , officially the Republic of Croatia , is a unitary democratic parliamentary republic in Europe at the crossroads of the Mitteleuropa, the Balkans, and the Mediterranean. Its capital and largest city is Zagreb. The country is divided into 20 counties and the city of Zagreb. Croatia covers ...
. The town has a population of 4,986 (2001), the total Pazin municipality population is 9,227 (2001). In 1991 it was made the capital of the župa
Župa
A Župa is a Slavic term, used historically among the Southern and Western branches of the Slavs, originally denoting various territorial and other sub-units, usually a small administrative division, especially a gathering of several villages...
nija for its location in the geographical center of the Istria
Istria
Istria , formerly Histria , is the largest peninsula in the Adriatic Sea. The peninsula is located at the head of the Adriatic between the Gulf of Trieste and the Bay of Kvarner...
peninsula and in order to boost the development of its interior territories.
History
Pazin was first mentioned as Castrum Pisinium in a 983 deed regarding a donation by Emperor Otto IIOtto II, Holy Roman Emperor
Otto II , called the Red, was the third ruler of the Saxon or Ottonian dynasty, the son of Otto the Great and Adelaide of Italy.-Early years and co-ruler with Otto I:...
to the Diocese of Poreč. It then belonged to the Imperial March of Istria
March of Istria
The Margravate of Istria was originally a Carolingian frontier march covering the Istrian peninsula and surrounding territory conquered by Charlemagne's son Pepin of Italy in 789...
, which had originally had been under the suzerainty of the newly established Duchy of Carinthia
Duchy of Carinthia
The Duchy of Carinthia was a duchy located in southern Austria and parts of northern Slovenia. It was separated from the Duchy of Bavaria in 976, then the first newly created Imperial State beside the original German stem duchies....
in 976, but separated together with the March of Carniola
March of Carniola
The March of Carniola was a southeastern state of the Holy Roman Empire in the High Middle Ages, the predecessor of the Duchy of Carniola. It corresponded roughly to the central Carniolan region of present-day Slovenia...
in 1040.
In the 12th century Mitterburg Castle was in possession of the Lower Carniola
Lower Carniola
Lower Carniola was a kreis of the historical Habsburg crown land of Carniola from 1849 till 1919 and is nowadays a traditional region of Slovenia. Its center is Novo Mesto, while other urban centers include Kočevje, Grosuplje, Krško, Trebnje, Mirna, Črnomelj, Semič, and Metlika.-See also:* Upper...
n count Meinhard of Schwarzenburg, who held the office of a Vogt
Vogt
A Vogt ; plural Vögte; Dutch voogd; Danish foged; ; ultimately from Latin [ad]vocatus) in the Holy Roman Empire was the German title of a reeve or advocate, an overlord exerting guardianship or military protection as well as secular justice...
of the Poreč bishops (in Latin documents he is known as Cernogradus), and established the Pazin County (earldom). Upon his death, Pazin was inherited by his son-in-law Count Engelbert III of Gorizia (Görz) in 1186.
While most of Istria had gradually been annexed by Venice
Republic of Venice
The Republic of Venice or Venetian Republic was a state originating from the city of Venice in Northeastern Italy. It existed for over a millennium, from the late 7th century until 1797. It was formally known as the Most Serene Republic of Venice and is often referred to as La Serenissima, in...
, Engelbert's descendant Count Albert III of Gorizia in 1374 bequested his Mitterburg estates to the Austrian House of Habsburg, who attached them to their Duchy of Carniola
Duchy of Carniola
The Duchy of Carniola was an administrative unit of the Holy Roman Empire and the Habsburg Monarchy from 1364 to 1918. Its capital was Ljubljana...
and gave it out in fief to various families, the last of which was the comital House of Montecuccoli
Raimondo Montecuccoli
Raimondo, Count of Montecúccoli or Montecucculi was an Italian military general who also served as general for the Austrians, and was also a prince of the Holy Roman Empire and Neapolitan Duke of Melfi....
from 1766.
Sights
The current town was mostly built beneath the medieval fortress. The present-day Castle Montecuccoli was rebuilt in the 15th and 16th century and disassembled in the 18th and 19th. It has been a museum since the end of World War IIWorld War II
World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...
.
The Pazin ponor
Ponor
A ponor is a natural surface opening that may be found in landscapes where the geology and the geomorphology is characterized by some kind of karst....
(Pazinska jama/Foiba) located under the castle was partially explored by Édouard-Alfred Martel
Édouard-Alfred Martel
, the 'father of modern speleology', was a world pioneer of cave exploration, study, and documentation...
in 1896 and is the best example of karst
KARST
Kilometer-square Area Radio Synthesis Telescope is a Chinese telescope project to which FAST is a forerunner. KARST is a set of large spherical reflectors on karst landforms, which are bowlshaped limestone sinkholes named after the Kras region in Slovenia and Northern Italy. It will consist of...
hydrography and morphology in Istria. Castle and a gorge inspired Jules Verne
Jules Verne
Jules Gabriel Verne was a French author who pioneered the science fiction genre. He is best known for his novels Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea , A Journey to the Center of the Earth , and Around the World in Eighty Days...
for the novel Mathias Sandorf
Mathias Sandorf
Mathias Sandorf was an 1885 adventure book by French writer Jules Verne. It was first serialized in Le Temps in 1885, and it was Verne's epic Mediterranean adventure. It employs many of the devices that had served well in his earlier novels: islands, cryptograms, surprise revelations of identity,...
of 1885.
Settlements
The following settlements comprise the city's administrative region:- Beram
- Bertoši
- BrajkovićiBrajkovićiBrajkovići is a village in the municipality of Kosjerić, western Serbia. According to the 2002 census, the village has a population of 724 people....
- Butoniga
- Grdoselo
- Heki
- JeženjJeženjJeženj is a small village near the town of Pazin in Istria County, Croatia. The population is 142 ....
- Kašćerga
- Kršikla
- Lindar
- LovrinLovrinLovrin is a commune in Timiş County, Romania. It is composed of a single village, Lovrin. It also included three other villages until 2004, when they were split off to form Gottlob and Tomnatic Communes....
- Pazin
- Trviž
- Vela Traba
- Zabrežani
- Zamask
- Zamaski Dol
- ZarečjeZarecjeZarečje is a village to the west of Ilirska Bistrica in the Inner Carniola region of Slovenia.The local church in the settlement is dedicated to Saint Sebastian and belongs to the Ilirska Bistrica Parish.-External links:*...
Famous people born in Pazin/Pisino
- Juraj DobrilaJuraj DobrilaJuraj Dobrila was a bishop and benefactor from Istria who advocated for greater national rights for Croats under Italian rule....
(1812-1882) - bishop of Istria - Tugomil Ujčić (1906-?), educator and writer
- Luigi DallapiccolaLuigi DallapiccolaLuigi Dallapiccola was an Italian composer known for his lyrical twelve-tone compositions.-Biography:Dallapiccola was born at Pisino d'Istria , to Italian parents....
(1904–1975), composer - Pier Antonio Quarantotti Gambini (1910–1965), poet and writer http://www.istrianet.org/istria/illustri/index.htm
- Antun Motika (1902–1992) - photographer