Paval Zhauryd
Encyclopedia
Paval Zhauryd was a Belarus
ian military commander.
Zhauryd was born in the village Cieciarouka near Slutsk
and graduated from the Slutsk Gymnasium in 1909. As a student of the Gymnasium, Zhauryd created a Belarusian independentionalist club with his classmates. After Gymnasium he studied at the Law faculty of the Warsaw University.
With the outbreak of the World War I
In 1916 he has been mobilized to the army of the Russian Empire
. And after a military training in Poltava
, Paval Zhauryd has been sent to Turkestan
and later to the Romanian Front. After the Russian February Revolution
Paval Zhauryd has been elected his regiment's committee president. He was a delegate at the First All-Belarusian congress in December 1917, where preparations to the declaration of independence of the Belarusian National Republic
have been initiated.
Since 1918 Zhauryd has been working as a lawyer in Slutsk
. At that time he became member of the Belarusian Socialist-Revolutionary Party. In the summer of 1919 he was arrested by Bolsheviks and accused of "assisting Denikin" and brought to Smolensk
.
Liberated in 1919, Zhauryd came back to Slutsk and was elected president of the Slutsk Belarusian Committee, a local group supporting the Belarusian National Republic
.
In July 1920 Zhauryd was mobilized by Bolsheviks in the Red Army
and was appointed aide to commander of the Slutsk cavalry unit. In late 1920, Belarusian officials appointed Zhauryd the Commissary of the Belarusian National Republic in the Slutsk powiat
. In this function Paval Zhauryd was one of the commanders of the anti-Bolshevik Slutsk defence action
.
Since 1921 Zhauryd lived in Vilnius
, where he was member of the local Belarusian National Committee and the Belarusian Schools Council. He later migrated to East Belarus
and worked in his parents' place, in the villages Bor and Zarechcha near Slutsk
. In 1923–1930 Zhauryd worked in the Belarusian Agroindustrial Union, in an agricultural education institution in the town of Marjina Horka, the Belarusian Culture Institute and the newspaper Zviazda
.
Along with several other Belarusian intellectuals, Paval Zhauryd was arrested by the GPU
on 18 July 1930 as part of the Case of the Union of Liberation of Belarus
. In April 1931 he was sentenced to 3 years of concentration camp. After liberation in 1933, he lived in Sarapul
, Udmurtia.
In 1937 Zhauryd was again arrested "for anti-Soviet propaganda" and sentenced for 10 years of concentration camps. He was sent to Knyazhpogost, Komi Republic
where he died in prison.
Paval Zhauryd was rehabilitated in 1988 by the Belarusian Supree Court and the Oblast Court of Kirov.
Belarus
Belarus , officially the Republic of Belarus, is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe, bordered clockwise by Russia to the northeast, Ukraine to the south, Poland to the west, and Lithuania and Latvia to the northwest. Its capital is Minsk; other major cities include Brest, Grodno , Gomel ,...
ian military commander.
Zhauryd was born in the village Cieciarouka near Slutsk
Slutsk
Slutsk is a town in Belarus, located on the Sluch River south of Minsk. As of 2010 its population is of 61,400).-Geography:The town is situated in the south-west of its Voblast, not too far from from the city of Soligorsk.-History:...
and graduated from the Slutsk Gymnasium in 1909. As a student of the Gymnasium, Zhauryd created a Belarusian independentionalist club with his classmates. After Gymnasium he studied at the Law faculty of the Warsaw University.
With the outbreak of the World War I
World War I
World War I , which was predominantly called the World War or the Great War from its occurrence until 1939, and the First World War or World War I thereafter, was a major war centred in Europe that began on 28 July 1914 and lasted until 11 November 1918...
In 1916 he has been mobilized to the army of the Russian Empire
Russian Empire
The Russian Empire was a state that existed from 1721 until the Russian Revolution of 1917. It was the successor to the Tsardom of Russia and the predecessor of the Soviet Union...
. And after a military training in Poltava
Poltava
Poltava is a city in located on the Vorskla River in central Ukraine. It is the administrative center of the Poltava Oblast , as well as the surrounding Poltava Raion of the oblast. Poltava's estimated population is 298,652 ....
, Paval Zhauryd has been sent to Turkestan
Turkestan
Turkestan, spelled also as Turkistan, literally means "Land of the Turks".The term Turkestan is of Persian origin and has never been in use to denote a single nation. It was first used by Persian geographers to describe the place of Turkish peoples...
and later to the Romanian Front. After the Russian February Revolution
February Revolution
The February Revolution of 1917 was the first of two revolutions in Russia in 1917. Centered around the then capital Petrograd in March . Its immediate result was the abdication of Tsar Nicholas II, the end of the Romanov dynasty, and the end of the Russian Empire...
Paval Zhauryd has been elected his regiment's committee president. He was a delegate at the First All-Belarusian congress in December 1917, where preparations to the declaration of independence of the Belarusian National Republic
Belarusian National Republic
The Belarusian People's Republic was a self-declared independent Belarusian state, which declared independence in 1918. It is also called the Belarusian Democratic Republic or the Belarusian National Republic, in order to distinguish it from Communist People's Republics...
have been initiated.
Since 1918 Zhauryd has been working as a lawyer in Slutsk
Slutsk
Slutsk is a town in Belarus, located on the Sluch River south of Minsk. As of 2010 its population is of 61,400).-Geography:The town is situated in the south-west of its Voblast, not too far from from the city of Soligorsk.-History:...
. At that time he became member of the Belarusian Socialist-Revolutionary Party. In the summer of 1919 he was arrested by Bolsheviks and accused of "assisting Denikin" and brought to Smolensk
Smolensk
Smolensk is a city and the administrative center of Smolensk Oblast, Russia, located on the Dnieper River. Situated west-southwest of Moscow, this walled city was destroyed several times throughout its long history since it was on the invasion routes of both Napoleon and Hitler. Today, Smolensk...
.
Liberated in 1919, Zhauryd came back to Slutsk and was elected president of the Slutsk Belarusian Committee, a local group supporting the Belarusian National Republic
Belarusian National Republic
The Belarusian People's Republic was a self-declared independent Belarusian state, which declared independence in 1918. It is also called the Belarusian Democratic Republic or the Belarusian National Republic, in order to distinguish it from Communist People's Republics...
.
In July 1920 Zhauryd was mobilized by Bolsheviks in the Red Army
Red Army
The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army started out as the Soviet Union's revolutionary communist combat groups during the Russian Civil War of 1918-1922. It grew into the national army of the Soviet Union. By the 1930s the Red Army was among the largest armies in history.The "Red Army" name refers to...
and was appointed aide to commander of the Slutsk cavalry unit. In late 1920, Belarusian officials appointed Zhauryd the Commissary of the Belarusian National Republic in the Slutsk powiat
Powiat
A powiat is the second-level unit of local government and administration in Poland, equivalent to a county, district or prefecture in other countries. The term powiat is most often translated into English as "county", although other terms are also sometimes used...
. In this function Paval Zhauryd was one of the commanders of the anti-Bolshevik Slutsk defence action
Slutsk defence action
The Slutsk defence action or the Slutsk uprising was an unsuccessful armed attempt to defend the independence of Belarus in the region of the town of Slutsk.-Peace of Riga:...
.
Since 1921 Zhauryd lived in Vilnius
Vilnius
Vilnius is the capital of Lithuania, and its largest city, with a population of 560,190 as of 2010. It is the seat of the Vilnius city municipality and of the Vilnius district municipality. It is also the capital of Vilnius County...
, where he was member of the local Belarusian National Committee and the Belarusian Schools Council. He later migrated to East Belarus
East Belarus
thumb|Coat of arms of East BelarusEast Belarus usually refers to the part of Belarus that was under Soviet occupation between 1919 and 1939, as opposed to West Belarus that was part of the Second Polish Republic in that time....
and worked in his parents' place, in the villages Bor and Zarechcha near Slutsk
Slutsk
Slutsk is a town in Belarus, located on the Sluch River south of Minsk. As of 2010 its population is of 61,400).-Geography:The town is situated in the south-west of its Voblast, not too far from from the city of Soligorsk.-History:...
. In 1923–1930 Zhauryd worked in the Belarusian Agroindustrial Union, in an agricultural education institution in the town of Marjina Horka, the Belarusian Culture Institute and the newspaper Zviazda
Zviazda
Zviazda is a state-owned daily newspaper in Belarus.It was founded in 1917 as an organ of the Minsk Committee of RSDLP.Zviazda has been twice closed down by the Russian Provisional Government but continued being published under different names...
.
Along with several other Belarusian intellectuals, Paval Zhauryd was arrested by the GPU
State Political Directorate
The State Political Directorate was the secret police of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic and the Soviet Union from 1922 until 1934...
on 18 July 1930 as part of the Case of the Union of Liberation of Belarus
Case of the Union of Liberation of Belarus
The Case of the Union of Liberation of Belarus was a political and criminal case initiated by the GPU of the Belarusian Soviet Republic against several Belarusian scientists and culture activists, which was a part of a wave of Soviet repressions in Belarus in 1929 - 1931...
. In April 1931 he was sentenced to 3 years of concentration camp. After liberation in 1933, he lived in Sarapul
Sarapul
Sarapul is a city and a river port in the Udmurt Republic, Russia, located on the right bank of the Kama River, southeast of Izhevsk. Population: -History:...
, Udmurtia.
In 1937 Zhauryd was again arrested "for anti-Soviet propaganda" and sentenced for 10 years of concentration camps. He was sent to Knyazhpogost, Komi Republic
Komi Republic
The Komi Republic is a federal subject of Russia .-Geography:The republic is situated to the west of the Ural mountains, in the north-east of the East European Plain...
where he died in prison.
Paval Zhauryd was rehabilitated in 1988 by the Belarusian Supree Court and the Oblast Court of Kirov.