Paul Joalland
Encyclopedia
Paul-Jules Joalland is a French
officer, known mainly for completing the Voulet-Chanoine Mission
.
He was one of the six officers of the latter expedition, and was an artillery expert with the rank of lieutenant
. The Voulet-Chanoine Mission was commanded by the captains Paul Voulet and Julien Chanoine, entrusted in 1898 by the government with the mission to explore and conquer the territories between the Niger River
and Lake Chad
, with the ultimate goal to unify, Jointly with other two similar expeditions, all French territories in West Africa
.
The brutalities and massacres committed by the expedition after leaving Senegal
brought the authorities to replace Voulet and Chanoine with Lieutenant Colonel
Klobb
; the latter was killed close to Zinder
by Voulet on July 14, 1899, and shortly after Voulet and Chanoine were killed by their troops, that recognized as commander Joalland, who was promoted to the rank of Captain.
Joalland left Zinder on October 3, reaching, with 170 riflemen, Lake Chad
; hearing later that the Foureau-Lamy Mission, advancing from the Sahara
, was close, he went up the east side of the lake, and met it on February. The two joint missions, under the command of Major Lamy
of the Saharian Mission, now returned south to Joalland's base camp on the right bank of the Chari River
.
On April 21, 1900, Joalland and Lamy encountered the Gentil Mission, that had been proceeding from the Congo River
. The following day all the French forces united clashed with the greatest ruler in the region, Rabih az-Zubayr
; the French triumphed, guaranteeing the conquest of the Chad
Basin. Before the end of the year, Joalland returned with his men back home, after having successfully completed the mission.
In 1927 Joalland was given the honorary title of commander of the Légion d'honneur
, the premier distinction in France
. Two years later he was nominated Brigadier General
of colonial troops
. He died on September 28, 1940.
France
The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
officer, known mainly for completing the Voulet-Chanoine Mission
Voulet-Chanoine Mission
The Voulet–Chanoine Mission or Central African Mission was a French military expedition sent out from Senegal in 1898 to conquer the Chad Basin and unify all French territories in West Africa...
.
He was one of the six officers of the latter expedition, and was an artillery expert with the rank of lieutenant
Lieutenant
A lieutenant is a junior commissioned officer in many nations' armed forces. Typically, the rank of lieutenant in naval usage, while still a junior officer rank, is senior to the army rank...
. The Voulet-Chanoine Mission was commanded by the captains Paul Voulet and Julien Chanoine, entrusted in 1898 by the government with the mission to explore and conquer the territories between the Niger River
Niger River
The Niger River is the principal river of western Africa, extending about . Its drainage basin is in area. Its source is in the Guinea Highlands in southeastern Guinea...
and Lake Chad
Lake Chad
Lake Chad is a historically large, shallow, endorheic lake in Africa, whose size has varied over the centuries. According to the Global Resource Information Database of the United Nations Environment Programme, it shrank as much as 95% from about 1963 to 1998; yet it also states that "the 2007 ...
, with the ultimate goal to unify, Jointly with other two similar expeditions, all French territories in West Africa
West Africa
West Africa or Western Africa is the westernmost region of the African continent. Geopolitically, the UN definition of Western Africa includes the following 16 countries and an area of approximately 5 million square km:-Flags of West Africa:...
.
The brutalities and massacres committed by the expedition after leaving Senegal
Senegal
Senegal , officially the Republic of Senegal , is a country in western Africa. It owes its name to the Sénégal River that borders it to the east and north...
brought the authorities to replace Voulet and Chanoine with Lieutenant Colonel
Lieutenant colonel
Lieutenant colonel is a rank of commissioned officer in the armies and most marine forces and some air forces of the world, typically ranking above a major and below a colonel. The rank of lieutenant colonel is often shortened to simply "colonel" in conversation and in unofficial correspondence...
Klobb
Jean-François Klobb
Jean-François Arsène Klobb was a French colonial officer.Born on June 29, 1857 in Ribeauvillé in the department of Haut-Rhin in Alsace, he was sent as an officer to French Sudan...
; the latter was killed close to Zinder
Zinder
Zinder is the second largest city in Niger, with a population of 170,574 by 2005 was estimated to be over 200,000...
by Voulet on July 14, 1899, and shortly after Voulet and Chanoine were killed by their troops, that recognized as commander Joalland, who was promoted to the rank of Captain.
Joalland left Zinder on October 3, reaching, with 170 riflemen, Lake Chad
Lake Chad
Lake Chad is a historically large, shallow, endorheic lake in Africa, whose size has varied over the centuries. According to the Global Resource Information Database of the United Nations Environment Programme, it shrank as much as 95% from about 1963 to 1998; yet it also states that "the 2007 ...
; hearing later that the Foureau-Lamy Mission, advancing from the Sahara
Sahara
The Sahara is the world's second largest desert, after Antarctica. At over , it covers most of Northern Africa, making it almost as large as Europe or the United States. The Sahara stretches from the Red Sea, including parts of the Mediterranean coasts, to the outskirts of the Atlantic Ocean...
, was close, he went up the east side of the lake, and met it on February. The two joint missions, under the command of Major Lamy
Amédée-François Lamy
Amédée-François Lamy was born at Mougins, in the French département of Alpes-Maritimes on February 7, 1858 and died in the battle of Kousséri on April 22, 1900....
of the Saharian Mission, now returned south to Joalland's base camp on the right bank of the Chari River
Chari River
The Chari or Shari River is a 949-kilometer-long river of central Africa. It flows from the Central African Republic through Chad into Lake Chad, following the Cameroon border from N'Djamena, where it joins the Logone River waters....
.
On April 21, 1900, Joalland and Lamy encountered the Gentil Mission, that had been proceeding from the Congo River
Congo River
The Congo River is a river in Africa, and is the deepest river in the world, with measured depths in excess of . It is the second largest river in the world by volume of water discharged, though it has only one-fifth the volume of the world's largest river, the Amazon...
. The following day all the French forces united clashed with the greatest ruler in the region, Rabih az-Zubayr
Rabih az-Zubayr
Rabih az-Zubayr ibn Fadl Allah or Rabih Fadlallah , usually known as Rabah in French, was a Sudanese warlord and slave trader who established a powerful empire west of Lake Chad, in today's Chad....
; the French triumphed, guaranteeing the conquest of the Chad
Chad
Chad , officially known as the Republic of Chad, is a landlocked country in Central Africa. It is bordered by Libya to the north, Sudan to the east, the Central African Republic to the south, Cameroon and Nigeria to the southwest, and Niger to the west...
Basin. Before the end of the year, Joalland returned with his men back home, after having successfully completed the mission.
In 1927 Joalland was given the honorary title of commander of the Légion d'honneur
Légion d'honneur
The Legion of Honour, or in full the National Order of the Legion of Honour is a French order established by Napoleon Bonaparte, First Consul of the Consulat which succeeded to the First Republic, on 19 May 1802...
, the premier distinction in France
France
The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
. Two years later he was nominated Brigadier General
Brigadier General
Brigadier general is a senior rank in the armed forces. It is the lowest ranking general officer in some countries, usually sitting between the ranks of colonel and major general. When appointed to a field command, a brigadier general is typically in command of a brigade consisting of around 4,000...
of colonial troops
French Colonial Forces
The French Colonial Forces , commonly called La Coloniale, was a general designation for the military forces that garrisoned in the French colonial empire from the late 17th century until 1960. They were recruited from mainland France or from the French settler and indigenous populations of the...
. He died on September 28, 1940.