Patach - AbsoluteAstronomy.com

Hebrew language

Hebrew is a Semitic language of the Afroasiatic language family. Culturally, is it considered by Jews and other religious groups as the language of the Jewish people, though other Jewish languages had originated among diaspora Jews, and the Hebrew language is also used by non-Jewish groups, such...

, gam. The first vowel (the horizontal line) is a pataḥ.> | colspan="2" |Other Niqqud>

IPA	a
Transliteration Romanization of Hebrew Hebrew uses the Hebrew alphabet with optional vowel points. The romanization of Hebrew is the use of the Latin alphabet to transliterate Hebrew words....	a
English example	far
Same sound	qamatz

Pataḥ ( pataḥ, Biblical: pathaḥ) is a Hebrew

Hebrew alphabet

The Hebrew alphabet , known variously by scholars as the Jewish script, square script, block script, or more historically, the Assyrian script, is used in the writing of the Hebrew language, as well as other Jewish languages, most notably Yiddish, Ladino, and Judeo-Arabic. There have been two...

niqqud vowel

Vowel

In phonetics, a vowel is a sound in spoken language, such as English ah! or oh! , pronounced with an open vocal tract so that there is no build-up of air pressure at any point above the glottis. This contrasts with consonants, such as English sh! , where there is a constriction or closure at some...

sign represented by a horizontal line "ַ" underneath a letter. In modern Hebrew

Modern Hebrew

Modern Hebrew , also known as Israeli Hebrew or Modern Israeli Hebrew, is the language spoken in Israel and in some Jewish communities worldwide, from the early 20th century to the present....

, it indicates the phoneme

Phoneme

In a language or dialect, a phoneme is the smallest segmental unit of sound employed to form meaningful contrasts between utterances....

/a/ which is the same as the "a" sound in far and is transliterated

Romanization of Hebrew

Hebrew uses the Hebrew alphabet with optional vowel points. The romanization of Hebrew is the use of the Latin alphabet to transliterate Hebrew words....

as an "a".

In Modern Hebrew

Modern Hebrew

Modern Hebrew , also known as Israeli Hebrew or Modern Israeli Hebrew, is the language spoken in Israel and in some Jewish communities worldwide, from the early 20th century to the present....

, a pataḥ makes the same sound as a qamatz, as does the Hataf Pataḥ ( "Reduced Pataḥ"). The reduced (or hataf) niqqud exist for pataḥ, qamatz, and segol which contain a shwa

Shva

Shva or, in Biblical Hebrew, Sh'wa is a Hebrew niqqud vowel sign written as two vertical dots "ְ" underneath a letter. In Modern Hebrew, it indicates either the phoneme or the complete absence of a vowel , whereas in Hebrew prescriptive linguistics, four grammatical entities are differentiated:...

next to it.

Pronunciation

The following table contains the pronunciation

Pronunciation

Pronunciation refers to the way a word or a language is spoken, or the manner in which someone utters a word. If one is said to have "correct pronunciation", then it refers to both within a particular dialect....

and transliteration

Transliteration

Transliteration is a subset of the science of hermeneutics. It is a form of translation, and is the practice of converting a text from one script into another...

of the different pataḥs in reconstructed historical forms and dialect

Dialect

The term dialect is used in two distinct ways, even by linguists. One usage refers to a variety of a language that is a characteristic of a particular group of the language's speakers. The term is applied most often to regional speech patterns, but a dialect may also be defined by other factors,...

s using the International Phonetic Alphabet. The pronunciation in IPA is above and the transliteration is below.

The letters Bet "ב" and Het

Heth (letter)

' or ' is the reconstructed name of the eighth letter of the Proto-Canaanite alphabet, continued in descended Semitic alphabets as Phoenician , Syriac , Hebrew ḥēth , Arabic , and Berber .Heth originally represented a voiceless fricative, either pharyngeal , or...

"ח" used in this table are only for demonstration. Any letter can be used.

Symbol	Name		\| Pronunciation
			\| Israeli		\| Ashkenazi Ashkenazi Hebrew Ashkenazi Hebrew , is the pronunciation system for Biblical and Mishnaic Hebrew favored for liturgical use by Ashkenazi Jewish practice. Its phonology was influenced by languages with which it came into contact, such as Yiddish, German, and various Slavic languages...		\| Sephardi Sephardi Hebrew language Sephardi Hebrew is the pronunciation system for Biblical Hebrew favored for liturgical use by Sephardi Jewish practice...		\| Yemenite Yemenite Hebrew language Yemenite Hebrew , also referred to as Temani Hebrew , is the pronunciation system for Biblical and liturgical Hebrew traditionally used by Yemenite Jews. Yemenite Jews brought their language to Israel through immigration. Their first organized immigration to the region began in 1882.It is believed...	\| Tiberian Tiberian Hebrew Tiberian Hebrew is the extinct canonical pronunciation of the Hebrew Bible or Tanakh and related documents in the Roman Empire. This traditional medieval pronunciation was committed to writing by Masoretic scholars based in the Jewish community of Tiberias , in the form of the Tiberian vocalization...	\| Reconstructed
		Mishnaic	\| Israeli	Biblical
ַ	Pataḥ	[a]	[a]	[a]	?	[ɐ, ɐː]	?	?
ַה, ַ	Pataḥ Male	[a]	?	?	?	[ɐː]	?	?

חֲ	Hataf Pataḥ	[a]	?	?	?	[ɐ̆]	?	?

A pataḥ on a letter ח at the end of a word is sounded before the letter, and not behind. Thus, נֹחַ (Noah) is pronounced /no-aḥ/. This only occurs at the ends of words and only with pataḥ and ח, ע, and הּ (that is, ה with a dot (mappiq) in it). This is sometimes called a pataḥ g'nuvah, or "stolen" pataḥ (more formally, "furtive pataḥ"), since the sound "steals" an imaginary epenthetic consonant to make the extra syllable.

In addition, a letter with a pataḥ or qamatz with a succeeding, articulated yud makes the "ai" sound such as in fine or why.

Vowel Length comparison

By adding two vertical dots (shwa
Shva
Shva or, in Biblical Hebrew, Sh'wa is a Hebrew niqqud vowel sign written as two vertical dots "ְ" underneath a letter. In Modern Hebrew, it indicates either the phoneme or the complete absence of a vowel , whereas in Hebrew prescriptive linguistics, four grammatical entities are differentiated:...

) the vowel is made very short. However, these vowels lengths are not manifested in Modern Hebrew.

	\| Vowel comparison table
	\| Vowel Length Vowel length In linguistics, vowel length is the perceived duration of a vowel sound. Often the chroneme, or the "longness", acts like a consonant, and may etymologically be one, such as in Australian English. While not distinctive in most dialects of English, vowel length is an important phonemic factor in...				\| IPA	\| Transliteration Transliteration Transliteration is a subset of the science of hermeneutics. It is a form of translation, and is the practice of converting a text from one script into another...	\| English example
Long	Short	Very Short			\| IPA		\| English example
			[a]	a	spa
Qamatz	Pataḥ	Reduced Pataḥ	[a]	a	spa

Unicode encoding

|ַ> |ֲ>

Glyph	Unicode	Name
U+05B7	PATAH
U+05B2	HATAF PATAH

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