Pact of San Sebastián
Encyclopedia
The Pact of San Sebastián was a meeting led by Niceto Alcalá Zamora and Miguel Maura
, which took place in San Sebastián
, Spain
on August 17, 1930. Representatives from practically all republican
political movements in Spain at the time attended the meeting. Presided over by Fernando Sasiaín (representative of the Unión Republicana
), the attendees included:
At the meeting, a "revolutionary committee" was formed, headed by Alcalá-Zamora; this committee eventually became the first provisional government of the Second Spanish Republic
. The committee was in close contact with a group of soldiers, with the intent of bringing about a military coup in favor of a republic. The coup was set for December 15, 1930. Nonetheless, Captain Fermín Galán attempted to start the uprising on December 12, which resulted in the failure of the coup. Galán and Captain Ángel García Hernández were executed by a firing squad.
Miguel Maura
Miguel Maura Gamazo was a Spanish politician of the first third of the twentieth century.He was a son of the leading Conservative politician of the Restoration monarchy, Antonio Maura...
, which took place in San Sebastián
San Sebastián
Donostia-San Sebastián is a city and municipality located in the north of Spain, in the coast of the Bay of Biscay and 20 km away from the French border. The city is the capital of Gipuzkoa, in the autonomous community of the Basque Country. The municipality’s population is 186,122 , and its...
, Spain
Spain
Spain , officially the Kingdom of Spain languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Spain's official name is as follows:;;;;;;), is a country and member state of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula...
on August 17, 1930. Representatives from practically all republican
Republicanism
Republicanism is the ideology of governing a nation as a republic, where the head of state is appointed by means other than heredity, often elections. The exact meaning of republicanism varies depending on the cultural and historical context...
political movements in Spain at the time attended the meeting. Presided over by Fernando Sasiaín (representative of the Unión Republicana
Unión Republicana
Unión Republicana may refer to:* Republican Union Party - original Republican Party, founded in 1934* Republican Union Party - founded in 1986* Republican Union...
), the attendees included:
- - for the Partido Radical Republicano: Alejandro LerrouxAlejandro LerrouxAlejandro Lerroux y García was a Spanish politician who was the leader of the Radical Republican Party during the Second Spanish Republic...
; - - for Acción RepublicanaAcción RepublicanaRepublican Action was a Spanish left-wing republican party between 1930 and 1939.The AR was founded in 1925 under the name Acción Política by Manuel Azaña and José Giral. Political Action became a political party in 1930 under the name Republican Action...
: Manuel AzañaManuel AzañaManuel Azaña Díaz was a Spanish politician. He was the first Prime Minister of the Second Spanish Republic , and later served again as Prime Minister , and then as the second and last President of the Republic . The Spanish Civil War broke out while he was President...
; - - for the Partido Radical Socialista: Marcelino Domingo, Álvaro de Albornoz and Ángel Galarza;
- - for the Derecha Liberal Republicana: Niceto Alcalá Zamora and Miguel MauraMiguel MauraMiguel Maura Gamazo was a Spanish politician of the first third of the twentieth century.He was a son of the leading Conservative politician of the Restoration monarchy, Antonio Maura...
; - - for Acció CatalanaAcció CatalanaAccio Catalana was a political movement Catalanist the first third of the 20th century, created in 1922 around the Catalan National Conference, which brought elements of the Joventut Nacionalista the Regionalist League, former members of the Federal Unió Republicana Nacionalista and youth...
: Manuel Carrasco FormigueraManuel Carrasco FormigueraManuel Carrasco i Formiguera , Spanish lawyer and Christian democrat Catalan nationalist politician, in the twentieth century.- Early life :...
; - - for Acció Republicana de Catalunya: Matías Mallol Bosch;
- - for the Estat CatalàEstat CatalàEstat Català is a historical pro-independence political party in Catalonia, Spain.Despite its role in the 20th and 21st centuries both in Catalan and Spanish politics, ever since Spain returned to democracy in the 1970s, the party has not managed to get any of its candidates elected, having...
: Jaime Ayguadé; - - for the Organización Republicana Gallega Autónoma: Santiago Casares QuirogaSantiago Casares QuirogaSantiago Casares y Quiroga was a Spanish politician who was Prime Minister of Spain from 13 May to 19 July 1936....
; - - in their own right: Indalecio PrietoIndalecio PrietoIndalecio Prieto Tuero was a Spanish politician, one of the leading figures of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party in the years before and during the Second Spanish Republic.-Early years:...
, Felipe Sánchez RománFelipe Sánchez RománFelipe Sánchez Roman was a Spanish lawyer and politician, Minister of State in 1905, during the reign of Alfonso XIII. Professor of Civil Law in the University of Granada, Sánchez Román represented the late in the Spanish Senate from 1893 to 1902.-Sources:*...
, Fernando de los Ríos, and Eduardo Ortega y Gasset, brother of philosopher José Ortega y GassetJosé Ortega y GassetJosé Ortega y Gasset was a Spanish liberal philosopher and essayist working during the first half of the 20th century while Spain oscillated between monarchy, republicanism and dictatorship. He was, along with Nietzsche, a proponent of the idea of perspectivism.-Biography:José Ortega y Gasset was...
. Gregorio MarañónGregorio MarañónGregorio Marañón y Posadillo was a Spanish physician, scientist, historian, writer and philosopher. He married Dolores Moya in 1911, they had four children ....
was not able to attend, but sent a letter associating himself with the group.
At the meeting, a "revolutionary committee" was formed, headed by Alcalá-Zamora; this committee eventually became the first provisional government of the Second Spanish Republic
Second Spanish Republic
The Second Spanish Republic was the government of Spain between April 14 1931, and its destruction by a military rebellion, led by General Francisco Franco....
. The committee was in close contact with a group of soldiers, with the intent of bringing about a military coup in favor of a republic. The coup was set for December 15, 1930. Nonetheless, Captain Fermín Galán attempted to start the uprising on December 12, which resulted in the failure of the coup. Galán and Captain Ángel García Hernández were executed by a firing squad.