Oswald Menghin
Encyclopedia
Oswald Menghin was an Austrian Prehistorian and University professor. He established an international reputation before the War, while he was professor at the University of Vienna
. His work on race and culture was serviceable to the German nationalist movement of the 1930s. At the time of the Anschluss
he served as Minister of Education in the cabinet formed by Arthur Seyß-Inquart. He avoided indictment as a war criminal and resumed his career in Argentina
after the war.
from 1917 until 1945, and furthermore he was from 1930 to 1933 professor at the University of Cairo.
From 1919 to 1926 Menghin was a member of Secret Nazi Society Deutsche Gemeinschaft (the German Fellowship), in which he got to know Arthur Seyß-Inquart.
In 1932 he participated in the First International Congress of Prehistoric and Protohistoric Sciences in London
in 1932 with Hugo Obermaier
and others. In 1934 he published Geist und Blut.
For the academic year of 1935/36 he was appointed Rector of the University of Vienna. After numerous unsuccessful attempts there followed in 1936 his election as a regular Member of the Austrian Academy of Sciences
. From July 1936 to June 1937 he was a member of the governing council of the Viennese National (Vaterländische) Front.
On 11 March 1938 he became Education Minister in the so-called Anschluss-Cabinet of Seyß-Inquart. During his term with the Party down to the end of May, there occurred not only the decree of the Anschluss
itself, but also the so-called "Cleansing" of the University of Vienna. This meant that a fixed ratio of 2% was brought in for Jewish students, and about 40% of the teaching body were dismissed on account of "jewish origins" proportionately on "political grounds". In August 1938 Menghin went back to the University of Vienna.
In Catholic circles he was considered a traitor from March 1938 onwards, and was discharged (excluded) from his Cartellverband (Catholic Union-group), the Rudolfina Wien (which like all Catholic unions had been banned), at a formal underground meeting held on 12 November 1938.
After the War he was included, as a member of the Seyß-Inquart regime, on the primary list of war criminals. He was however not indicted, but came to an American internment camp, where he made statements. 1948 was the year in which he went over to Argentina, where he became University Professor in Buenos Aires
, and from 1957 also at the University of La Plata. Proceedings against him were dropped in 1956. In 1959 he became a corresponding member of the Austrian Academy of Sciences
. He died on 29 November 1973 in Buenos Aires
in Argentina.
University of Vienna
The University of Vienna is a public university located in Vienna, Austria. It was founded by Duke Rudolph IV in 1365 and is the oldest university in the German-speaking world...
. His work on race and culture was serviceable to the German nationalist movement of the 1930s. At the time of the Anschluss
Anschluss
The Anschluss , also known as the ', was the occupation and annexation of Austria into Nazi Germany in 1938....
he served as Minister of Education in the cabinet formed by Arthur Seyß-Inquart. He avoided indictment as a war criminal and resumed his career in Argentina
Argentina
Argentina , officially the Argentine Republic , is the second largest country in South America by land area, after Brazil. It is constituted as a federation of 23 provinces and an autonomous city, Buenos Aires...
after the war.
Life
Menghin qualified for inauguration as an academic lecturer in 1913, for his work Urgeschichte des Menschen (The Proto-History of Mankind). After the death of Moritz Hoernes he emerged as university professor of the Protohistorical Institute of the University of ViennaUniversity of Vienna
The University of Vienna is a public university located in Vienna, Austria. It was founded by Duke Rudolph IV in 1365 and is the oldest university in the German-speaking world...
from 1917 until 1945, and furthermore he was from 1930 to 1933 professor at the University of Cairo.
From 1919 to 1926 Menghin was a member of Secret Nazi Society Deutsche Gemeinschaft (the German Fellowship), in which he got to know Arthur Seyß-Inquart.
In 1932 he participated in the First International Congress of Prehistoric and Protohistoric Sciences in London
London
London is the capital city of :England and the :United Kingdom, the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom, and the largest urban zone in the European Union by most measures. Located on the River Thames, London has been a major settlement for two millennia, its history going back to its...
in 1932 with Hugo Obermaier
Hugo Obermaier
Hugo Obermaier was a distinguished prehistorian and anthropologist who taught at various European centres of learning...
and others. In 1934 he published Geist und Blut.
For the academic year of 1935/36 he was appointed Rector of the University of Vienna. After numerous unsuccessful attempts there followed in 1936 his election as a regular Member of the Austrian Academy of Sciences
Austrian Academy of Sciences
The Austrian Academy of Sciences is a legal entity under the special protection of the Federal Republic of Austria. According to the statutes of the Academy its mission is to promote the sciences and humanities in every respect and in every field, particularly in fundamental research...
. From July 1936 to June 1937 he was a member of the governing council of the Viennese National (Vaterländische) Front.
On 11 March 1938 he became Education Minister in the so-called Anschluss-Cabinet of Seyß-Inquart. During his term with the Party down to the end of May, there occurred not only the decree of the Anschluss
Anschluss
The Anschluss , also known as the ', was the occupation and annexation of Austria into Nazi Germany in 1938....
itself, but also the so-called "Cleansing" of the University of Vienna. This meant that a fixed ratio of 2% was brought in for Jewish students, and about 40% of the teaching body were dismissed on account of "jewish origins" proportionately on "political grounds". In August 1938 Menghin went back to the University of Vienna.
In Catholic circles he was considered a traitor from March 1938 onwards, and was discharged (excluded) from his Cartellverband (Catholic Union-group), the Rudolfina Wien (which like all Catholic unions had been banned), at a formal underground meeting held on 12 November 1938.
After the War he was included, as a member of the Seyß-Inquart regime, on the primary list of war criminals. He was however not indicted, but came to an American internment camp, where he made statements. 1948 was the year in which he went over to Argentina, where he became University Professor in Buenos Aires
University of Buenos Aires
The University of Buenos Aires is the largest university in Argentina and the largest university by enrollment in Latin America. Founded on August 12, 1821 in the city of Buenos Aires, it consists of 13 faculties, 6 hospitals, 10 museums and is linked to 4 high schools: Colegio Nacional de Buenos...
, and from 1957 also at the University of La Plata. Proceedings against him were dropped in 1956. In 1959 he became a corresponding member of the Austrian Academy of Sciences
Austrian Academy of Sciences
The Austrian Academy of Sciences is a legal entity under the special protection of the Federal Republic of Austria. According to the statutes of the Academy its mission is to promote the sciences and humanities in every respect and in every field, particularly in fundamental research...
. He died on 29 November 1973 in Buenos Aires
Buenos Aires
Buenos Aires is the capital and largest city of Argentina, and the second-largest metropolitan area in South America, after São Paulo. It is located on the western shore of the estuary of the Río de la Plata, on the southeastern coast of the South American continent...
in Argentina.
Works
- Urgeschichte der bildenden Kunst(mit M. Hoernes), 1925
- Weltgeschichte der Steinzeit, 1931
- Geist und Blut. Grundsätzliches um Rasse, Sprache, Kultur und Volkstum, 1933
- Vorgeschichte Amerikas, 1957
Sources
- Otto Helmut Urban, ' "Er war der Mann zwischen den Fronten". Oswald Menghin und das Urgeschichtliche Institut der Universität Wien während der Nazizeit', Archaeologia Austriaca 80, 1996, p. 1ff.
- Marcelino Fontán, 'Der Fall Menghin. Ein österreichischer Anschlußminister in Argentinien' (from the Argentinian Spanish of Erich Hackl), in Zwischenwelt. Zeitschrift für Kultur des Exils und des Widerstands, Jg. 19, No. 4 (Vienna, February 2003), p 4-5. ISSN 1606-4321
- Marcelino Fontán, Oswald Menghin: ciencia y nazismo. El antisemitismo como imperativo moral. (Buenos Aires: Fundación Memoria del Holocausto 2005).
- Erich Hackl, 'Nachschrift zum Fall Menghin', in Zwischenwelt. Zeitschrift für Kultur des Exils und des Widerstands, Jg. 19, No. 4 (Vienna, February 2003), p. 5-6. ISSN 1606-4321
- Philip L. Kohl/J. A. Perez Gollan, 'Religion, Politics, and Prehistory, Reassessing the Lingering Legacy of Oswald Menghin.' Current Anthropology 43, 2002, 561–586. (http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/CA/journal/issues/v43n4/024002/024002.web.pdf)
External links
- Literature of and about Oswald Menghin in the Catalogue of the German National Library http://dispatch.opac.d-nb.de/DB=4.1/REL?PPN=116881895
- Information about Oswald Menghin in the Austrian Lexikon von aeiou http://aeiou.iicm.tugraz.at/aeiou.encyclop.m/m535031.htm