Organic cation transport proteins - AbsoluteAstronomy.com

An organic cation transport protein mediates the transport of organic cations across the cell membrane

Cell membrane

The cell membrane or plasma membrane is a biological membrane that separates the interior of all cells from the outside environment. The cell membrane is selectively permeable to ions and organic molecules and controls the movement of substances in and out of cells. It basically protects the cell...

. These proteins are members of the solute carrier family

Solute carrier family

The solute carrier group of membrane transport proteins include over 300 members organized into 51 families. The SLC gene nomenclature system was originally proposed by the Human Genome Organization and is the basis for the official HUGO names of the genes that encode these transporters...

, subfamily 22. This family of proteins can also transport zwitterion

Zwitterion

In chemistry, a zwitterion is a neutral molecule with a positive and a negative electrical charge at different locations within that molecule. Zwitterions are sometimes also called inner salts.-Examples:...

s and anions, though it is a different subfamily of solute carrier proteins than the organic anion transporters.

Proteins

Abbreviation	Protein name	Location	Transported solute(s)	Associated disorder(s)
SLC22A1 SLC22A1 Solute carrier family 22 member 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC22A1 gene.-Further reading:...	Solute carrier family 22 member 1	Liver, Brain (Cerebellum)
SLC22A2 SLC22A2 Solute carrier family 22 member 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC22A2 gene.-Further reading:...	Solute carrier family 22 member 2	Primarily in kidney, also in brain
SLC22A3 SLC22A3 Solute carrier family 22 member 3 also known as the organic cation transporter 3 or extraneuronal monoamine transporter is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC22A3 gene.-Distribution:...	Solute carrier family 22 member 3	Brain and kidney	Histamine Histamine Histamine is an organic nitrogen compound involved in local immune responses as well as regulating physiological function in the gut and acting as a neurotransmitter. Histamine triggers the inflammatory response. As part of an immune response to foreign pathogens, histamine is produced by... Dopamine Dopamine Dopamine is a catecholamine neurotransmitter present in a wide variety of animals, including both vertebrates and invertebrates. In the brain, this substituted phenethylamine functions as a neurotransmitter, activating the five known types of dopamine receptors—D1, D2, D3, D4, and D5—and their... Serotonin Serotonin Serotonin or 5-hydroxytryptamine is a monoamine neurotransmitter. Biochemically derived from tryptophan, serotonin is primarily found in the gastrointestinal tract, platelets, and in the central nervous system of animals including humans... Norepinephrine Norepinephrine Norepinephrine is the US name for noradrenaline , a catecholamine with multiple roles including as a hormone and a neurotransmitter... MPP+ MPP+ MPP+ is a positively charged molecule with chemical formula C12H12N+. It is toxic and acts by interfering with oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria, causing depletion of ATP and cell death...
SLC22A4 SLC22A4 Solute carrier family 22, member 4, also known as SLC22A4, is a human gene; the encoded protein is an ergothioneine transporter.- Function :The encoded protein is an integral protein of the plasma membrane containing 12 transmembrane segments...	Solute carrier family 22 member 4		Sodium ion and Ergothioneine Ergothioneine Ergothioneine is a naturally occurring amino acid and is a thiourea derivative of histidine, containing a sulfur atom in the imidazole ring. This compound is made in rather few organisms, notably Actinobacteria and filamentous fungi. Ergothioneine was discovered in 1909 and named after the ergot...
SLC22A5 SLC22A5 SLC22A5 is a membrane transport protein associated with primary carnitine deficiency.-External links:*...	Solute carrier family 22 member 5			Primary carnitine deficiency Primary carnitine deficiency Systemic primary carnitine deficiency , also called deficiency of plasma-membrane carnitine transporter, carnitine transporter deficiency or carnitine uptake defect , is an autosomal recessive metabolic disorder that prevents the body from using fats for energy, particularly during periods without...
SLC22A6	Solute carrier family 22 member 6
SLC22A7 SLC22A7 Solute carrier family 22 member 7 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC22A7 gene.-Further reading:...	Solute carrier family 22 member 7
SLC22A8 SLC22A8 Solute carrier family 22 member 8 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC22A8 gene.-Further reading:...	Solute carrier family 22 member 8
SLC22A9 SLC22A9 Solute carrier family 22 member 9 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC22A9 gene.-Further reading:...	Solute carrier family 22 member 9
SLC22A10 SLC22A10 Solute carrier family 22 member 10 , also known as organic anion transporter 5 , is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC22A10 gene....	Solute carrier family 22 member 10
SLC22A11 SLC22A11 Solute carrier family 22 member 11 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC22A11 gene.-Further reading:...	Solute carrier family 22 member 11
SLC22A12 SLC22A12 Solute carrier family 22 , member 12, also known as SLC22A12 and URAT1, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the SLC22A12 gene.-Function:...	Solute carrier family 22 member 12	Kidney	Uric acid Uric acid Uric acid is a heterocyclic compound of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and hydrogen with the formula C5H4N4O3. It forms ions and salts known as urates and acid urates such as ammonium acid urate. Uric acid is created when the body breaks down purine nucleotides. High blood concentrations of uric acid...	Hyperuricemia Hyperuricemia Hyperuricemia is a level of uric acid in the blood that is abnormally high. In humans, the upper end of the normal range is 360 µmol/L for women and 400 µmol/L for men.-Causes:... and hypouricemia Hypouricemia Hypouricemia is a level of uric acid in blood serum that is below normal. In humans, the normal range of this blood component has a lower threshold set variously in the range of 2 mg/dL to 4 mg/dL, while the upper threshold is 530 micromol/L for women and 619 micromol/L for men...
SLC22A13	Solute carrier family 22 member 13
SLC22A14	Solute carrier family 22 member 14
SLC22A15	Solute carrier family 22 member 15
SLC22A16	Solute carrier family 22 member 16
SLC22A17	Solute carrier family 22 member 17
SLC22A18 SLC22A18 Solute carrier family 22 member 18 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC22A18 gene.-Further reading:...	Solute carrier family 22 member 18			Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome is an overgrowth disorder usually present at birth characterized by an increased risk of childhood cancer and certain congenital features. Originally, Dr... , Wilms tumor, rhabdomyosarcoma Rhabdomyosarcoma A rhabdomyosarcoma is a type of cancer, specifically a sarcoma , in which the cancer cells are thought to arise from skeletal muscle progenitors. It can also be found attached to muscle tissue, wrapped around intestines, or in any anatomic location... , adrenocortical carcinoma, and lung, ovarian, and breast cancer
SLC22A19	Solute carrier family 22 member 19
SLC22A20	Solute carrier family 22 member 20

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