Operation ATLAS
Encyclopedia
Operation ATLAS was the code name
for a failed operation carried out by a special commando unit of the Nazi Waffen SS which was held in October 1944 ands aimed at poisoning the Drinking water
resources
of the residents of Tel Aviv
- specifically the water extraction facility of the Rosh HaAyin springs
. The operation was initiated by Amin al-Husseini, the leader of the Arab Higher Committee
, in accordance with his vision that combined with the Nazi Final Solution vision (extermination of the entire Jewish population world wide
) and with his aim to raise the money he needed to re-agitate the Arab Revolt in the region of Palestine which would also ease the pressure on Nazi Germany
in the European fronts. The unit consisted of five soldiers: three who were previously Templar
residents of the region of Palestine and two Arab-Palestinians in exile.
The Mufti of Jerusalem Amin al-Husseini, who was known as the leader of the Palestinian-Arabs at that time, fled during the Arab Revolt from the region of Palestine
. On November 28, 1941, al-Husseini met with Adolf Hitler
and received a promise from Hitler that Germany would eliminate the existing Jewish foundations in the region of Palestine after the Germans had gained victory in the war. The Mufti offered the Führer a concrete operative proposal which would serve both the Arab and Nazi interests: parachuting German commando soldiers in the region of Palestine who would join the local Arabs militant forces and poison the drinking water sources of the residents of Tel Aviv
as well as engaging in incitement operations against the Jewish population in the region of Palestine.
Kurt Wieland, the son of Rudolph Wieland, who was a member of the Templar community in Sarona, traveled to Germany in 1936 and joined the Nazi forces. Wieland was assigned to the military intelligence corps due to his vast knowledge of languages. Wieland advanced his position quite rapidly and eventually got to the rank of major, serving in the special commando unit of the Waffen-SS
under the command of Otto Skorzeny
. In July 1944, Wieland met al-Husseini in Germany, and received for the first time details of his plan.
In October 24, 1944, the Allied forces
approached Nazi Germany, west of the Rayne
while the Soviet armed forces were approaching Nazi Germany from the east and reached Prussia
. As part of the Nazi plan to repel the Allied forces, the idea to carry out the old operative plan of Amin Al-Husseini was brought up and assigned for the implementation of the intelligence officer Kurt Wieland, which would be able to make use of his operational experience, his familiarity with the region of Palestine and his connections with the locals. In addition to poisoning the residents of Tel Aviv, the Waffen SS unit members were ordered to contact Pro-Nazi agents in the region of Palestine and set up hidden bases in the region. It was also determined that the Waffen SS members would attack the hydroelectric power-plant in Naharayim
as well as the Mosul-Haifa oil pipeline
.
The Nazis' main intention was to do so in order to cause the British forces to divert some of their forces to the region of Palestine, thereby improving the Nazis' ability to repel the Allied forces from Nazi Germany.
In addition to Wieland, two more German soldiers were assigned to the unit who were originally raised in the Templer communities in the region of Palestine. They both knew the region quite well, and belonged to the Nazi "Brandenburg" division: Werner Frank, born in Jerusalem, and Frederick Dyininger Shaffer born in Waldheim. Dyininger Shaffer assisted the Palestinian-Arabs forces during the Great Arab Revolt, as a result was imprisoned at Bat Yam, and later on managed to escape back to Nazi Germany
. In Germany, Dyininger Shaffer acted as al-Husseini's personal assistant. Two Arab-Palestinians, who were associates of Amin al Husseini, were also assigned to the unit: Hasan Salama
,
who was a native of the Palestinian village Qula
and who was the deputy of al-Husseini, and Abdul Latif who was a native of Jerusalem and who participated in the Arab Revolt in the region of Palestine and afterwards was exiled to Iraq.
On the night of October 6, 1944 the five unit members parachuted from a "Heinkel HeS 3
" airplane over the Jericho
region in Wadi Qelt
. Their equipment included light weaponry, maps
, radio equipment
, food supplies
, 5000 Pound sterling
in different currencies, explosives, and about 10 cardboard boxes containing particularly strong water-soluble poison
(each box contained poison which would sufficiently kill about 25,000 people). This poison was designed to poison the Rosh HaAyin springs
which were used by the residents of Tel Aviv.
The unit was parachuted in two different locations near Jericho
, and most of their equipment scattered around those locations. Hassan Salameh, whom was injured during the parachuting, began heading towards Jerusalem after he landed. The rest of the unit (the two Germans and Abdul Latif) hid in a cave
in Wadi Qelt
.
Soon after the parachuting Bedouin
locals discovered one of the parachuted money supplies as well as a pistol
and ammunition
. Word of the new coins in Jericho rapidly spread across the region and became the first indicator among the authorities that a secret operation was underway. As a result, Jerusalem police commander Fayez Bey Idrissi ordered extensive searches in Wadi Qelt.
On October 11 the British authorities posted the following statement in the Hebrew press:
already in October 1944. On October 16 the British Mandate authorities published the following official statement:
In October 27 a full report of the capturing of the enemy parachutists was published in the Davar
newspaper under the title:
The newspaper stated that on October 8 the Jericho police chief learned that gold coins circulated in the city. As a result, an investigation was initiated which resulted in golden coins seized from five local shepherds. The shepherds told the policemen of the site in which they discovered the coins. As a result, a manhunt
began which involved military forces, police forces, members of the Arab Legion
and the Transjordan Frontier Force
. On October 16 a Sargent of Jordanian Frontier Force discovered a man, dressed in traditional Arab clothing, standing at the entrance to a cave and holding a gun. The man surrendered without a fight and soon afterwards two additional people were discovered inside the cave, a German and an Arab .
Hasan Salama
and Frederick Dyininger Shaffer were not captured, and several days afterwards, the search after them was halted. Shaffer was caught only in 1946 when he attempted to renew contact with his family in Wilhelma
. Hassan Salameh managed to flee to a house of a doctor in a small village near the Qula
, where he got his foot injury treated. On November 30, 1947 Salameh was responsible for the attack on bus no. 2094 which was on its way from Netanya
to Jerusalem. Salameh was eventually killed on June 2, 1948 during the War of Independence
, during a battle with the Irgun
forces near the Palestinian village of Qula
overlooking the Rosh HaAyin springs
.
In July 4, 2001 about 200 secret documents from the British MI5
Archives were released to the public, most of which were related to Germany and were from the years 1939-1944. Among the documents released was detailed information relating to the German Operation ATLAS and the German and Palestinian-Arab unit members whom were parachuted in Palestine in order to carry out the operation.
Code name
A code name or cryptonym is a word or name used clandestinely to refer to another name or word. Code names are often used for military purposes, or in espionage...
for a failed operation carried out by a special commando unit of the Nazi Waffen SS which was held in October 1944 ands aimed at poisoning the Drinking water
Drinking
Drinking is the act of consuming water or a beverage through the mouth. Water is required for many of life’s physiological processes. Both excessive and inadequate water intake are associated with health problems.-Physiology:...
resources
Water resources
Water resources are sources of water that are useful or potentially useful. Uses of water include agricultural, industrial, household, recreational and environmental activities. Virtually all of these human uses require fresh water....
of the residents of Tel Aviv
Tel Aviv
Tel Aviv , officially Tel Aviv-Yafo , is the second most populous city in Israel, with a population of 404,400 on a land area of . The city is located on the Israeli Mediterranean coastline in west-central Israel. It is the largest and most populous city in the metropolitan area of Gush Dan, with...
- specifically the water extraction facility of the Rosh HaAyin springs
Rosh HaAyin springs
Rosh HaAyin springs, also called the Yarkon springs are springs located at the foot of Tel Afek, in the Yarkon National Park which was established in the region that surrounds the springs. These springs are one of the water resources of the Yarkon River...
. The operation was initiated by Amin al-Husseini, the leader of the Arab Higher Committee
Arab Higher Committee
The Arab Higher Committee was the central political organ of the Arab community of Mandate Palestine. It was established on 25 April 1936, on the initiative of Hajj Amin al-Husayni, the Grand Mufti of Jerusalem, and comprised the leaders of Palestinian Arab clans under the mufti's...
, in accordance with his vision that combined with the Nazi Final Solution vision (extermination of the entire Jewish population world wide
Final Solution
The Final Solution was Nazi Germany's plan and execution of the systematic genocide of European Jews during World War II, resulting in the most deadly phase of the Holocaust...
) and with his aim to raise the money he needed to re-agitate the Arab Revolt in the region of Palestine which would also ease the pressure on Nazi Germany
Nazi Germany
Nazi Germany , also known as the Third Reich , but officially called German Reich from 1933 to 1943 and Greater German Reich from 26 June 1943 onward, is the name commonly used to refer to the state of Germany from 1933 to 1945, when it was a totalitarian dictatorship ruled by...
in the European fronts. The unit consisted of five soldiers: three who were previously Templar
Templers (religious believers)
Templers are members of the Temple Society , a German Protestant sect with roots in the Pietist movement of the Lutheran Church. The Templers were expelled from the church in 1858 because of their millennial beliefs. Their aim was to realize the apocalyptic visions of the prophets of Israel in the...
residents of the region of Palestine and two Arab-Palestinians in exile.
Background
Palestine
Palestine is a conventional name, among others, used to describe the geographic region between the Mediterranean Sea and the Jordan River, and various adjoining lands....
. On November 28, 1941, al-Husseini met with Adolf Hitler
Adolf Hitler
Adolf Hitler was an Austrian-born German politician and the leader of the National Socialist German Workers Party , commonly referred to as the Nazi Party). He was Chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945, and head of state from 1934 to 1945...
and received a promise from Hitler that Germany would eliminate the existing Jewish foundations in the region of Palestine after the Germans had gained victory in the war. The Mufti offered the Führer a concrete operative proposal which would serve both the Arab and Nazi interests: parachuting German commando soldiers in the region of Palestine who would join the local Arabs militant forces and poison the drinking water sources of the residents of Tel Aviv
Tel Aviv
Tel Aviv , officially Tel Aviv-Yafo , is the second most populous city in Israel, with a population of 404,400 on a land area of . The city is located on the Israeli Mediterranean coastline in west-central Israel. It is the largest and most populous city in the metropolitan area of Gush Dan, with...
as well as engaging in incitement operations against the Jewish population in the region of Palestine.
Kurt Wieland, the son of Rudolph Wieland, who was a member of the Templar community in Sarona, traveled to Germany in 1936 and joined the Nazi forces. Wieland was assigned to the military intelligence corps due to his vast knowledge of languages. Wieland advanced his position quite rapidly and eventually got to the rank of major, serving in the special commando unit of the Waffen-SS
Waffen-SS
The Waffen-SS was a multi-ethnic and multi-national military force of the Third Reich. It constituted the armed wing of the Schutzstaffel or SS, an organ of the Nazi Party. The Waffen-SS saw action throughout World War II and grew from three regiments to over 38 divisions, and served alongside...
under the command of Otto Skorzeny
Otto Skorzeny
Otto Skorzeny was an SS-Obersturmbannführer in the German Waffen-SS during World War II. After fighting on the Eastern Front, he was chosen as the field commander to carry out the rescue mission that freed the deposed Italian dictator Benito Mussolini from captivity...
. In July 1944, Wieland met al-Husseini in Germany, and received for the first time details of his plan.
In October 24, 1944, the Allied forces
Allies of World War II
The Allies of World War II were the countries that opposed the Axis powers during the Second World War . Former Axis states contributing to the Allied victory are not considered Allied states...
approached Nazi Germany, west of the Rayne
Rayne
-Place names:United States*Rayne, Louisiana**Rayne High School*Rayne Township, Indiana County, PennsylvaniaUnited Kingdom*Rayne, Essex, England*Rayne, Aberdeenshire, Scotland-People:*Dana Rayne, singer*Max Rayne, Baron Rayne, British philanthropist...
while the Soviet armed forces were approaching Nazi Germany from the east and reached Prussia
Prussia
Prussia was a German kingdom and historic state originating out of the Duchy of Prussia and the Margraviate of Brandenburg. For centuries, the House of Hohenzollern ruled Prussia, successfully expanding its size by way of an unusually well-organized and effective army. Prussia shaped the history...
. As part of the Nazi plan to repel the Allied forces, the idea to carry out the old operative plan of Amin Al-Husseini was brought up and assigned for the implementation of the intelligence officer Kurt Wieland, which would be able to make use of his operational experience, his familiarity with the region of Palestine and his connections with the locals. In addition to poisoning the residents of Tel Aviv, the Waffen SS unit members were ordered to contact Pro-Nazi agents in the region of Palestine and set up hidden bases in the region. It was also determined that the Waffen SS members would attack the hydroelectric power-plant in Naharayim
Naharayim
Naharayim is a site on the border between Israel and Jordan where an hydroelectric power-plant was established in 1930. The Yarmuk River flows into the Jordan River at Naharayim. The plant, established by Pinchas Rutenberg, produced much of the energy consumed in the British Mandate of Palestine...
as well as the Mosul-Haifa oil pipeline
Mosul-Haifa oil pipeline
Mosul-Haifa oil pipeline led crude oil from the oil fields in Kirkuk, located in north Iraq, through Jordan to Haifa, and was active in the years 1935-1948. The oil line's length was about 942 km, and it took about 10 days to move oil from start to finish...
.
The Nazis' main intention was to do so in order to cause the British forces to divert some of their forces to the region of Palestine, thereby improving the Nazis' ability to repel the Allied forces from Nazi Germany.
In addition to Wieland, two more German soldiers were assigned to the unit who were originally raised in the Templer communities in the region of Palestine. They both knew the region quite well, and belonged to the Nazi "Brandenburg" division: Werner Frank, born in Jerusalem, and Frederick Dyininger Shaffer born in Waldheim. Dyininger Shaffer assisted the Palestinian-Arabs forces during the Great Arab Revolt, as a result was imprisoned at Bat Yam, and later on managed to escape back to Nazi Germany
Nazi Germany
Nazi Germany , also known as the Third Reich , but officially called German Reich from 1933 to 1943 and Greater German Reich from 26 June 1943 onward, is the name commonly used to refer to the state of Germany from 1933 to 1945, when it was a totalitarian dictatorship ruled by...
. In Germany, Dyininger Shaffer acted as al-Husseini's personal assistant. Two Arab-Palestinians, who were associates of Amin al Husseini, were also assigned to the unit: Hasan Salama
Hasan Salama
Hasan Salama or Hassan Salameh was a commander of the Palestinian Holy War Army in the 1948 Arab-Israeli War along with Abd al-Qadir al-Husayni.- Biography :...
,
who was a native of the Palestinian village Qula
Qula
Qula was a Palestinian village in the British Mandate District of Ramla 15 km northeast of Ramla, depopulated during the 1948 Arab-Israeli war.Hasan Salama and his son Ali Hassan Salameh were from Qula.-History:...
and who was the deputy of al-Husseini, and Abdul Latif who was a native of Jerusalem and who participated in the Arab Revolt in the region of Palestine and afterwards was exiled to Iraq.
The Operation
The operation failed already from the start, either due to an early intelligence gathered by the local authorities about on the Nazi operation or due to a failure which occurred during the parachuting the unit members.On the night of October 6, 1944 the five unit members parachuted from a "Heinkel HeS 3
Heinkel HeS 3
The Heinkel HeS 3 was the world's first operational jet engine to power an aircraft. Designed by Hans von Ohain while working at Heinkel, the engine first flew as the primary power of the Heinkel He 178, piloted by Erich Warsitz on 27 August 1939...
" airplane over the Jericho
Jericho
Jericho ; is a city located near the Jordan River in the West Bank of the Palestinian territories. It is the capital of the Jericho Governorate and has a population of more than 20,000. Situated well below sea level on an east-west route north of the Dead Sea, Jericho is the lowest permanently...
region in Wadi Qelt
Wadi Qelt
Wadi Qelt or Nahal Prat is a valley or stream running west to east across the Judean desert in the West Bank, originating near Jerusalem and terminating near Jericho, near the Dead Sea...
. Their equipment included light weaponry, maps
MAPS
Maps is the plural of map, a visual representation of an area.As an acronym, MAPS may refer to:* Mail Abuse Prevention System, an organisation that provides anti-spam support...
, radio equipment
Radio equipment
Radio equipment, as defined in Federal Information Management Regulations, is any equipment or interconnected system or subsystem of equipment that is used to communicate over a distance by modulating and radiating electromagnetic waves in space without artificial guide...
, food supplies
Food
Food is any substance consumed to provide nutritional support for the body. It is usually of plant or animal origin, and contains essential nutrients, such as carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, or minerals...
, 5000 Pound sterling
Pound sterling
The pound sterling , commonly called the pound, is the official currency of the United Kingdom, its Crown Dependencies and the British Overseas Territories of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, British Antarctic Territory and Tristan da Cunha. It is subdivided into 100 pence...
in different currencies, explosives, and about 10 cardboard boxes containing particularly strong water-soluble poison
Poison
In the context of biology, poisons are substances that can cause disturbances to organisms, usually by chemical reaction or other activity on the molecular scale, when a sufficient quantity is absorbed by an organism....
(each box contained poison which would sufficiently kill about 25,000 people). This poison was designed to poison the Rosh HaAyin springs
Rosh HaAyin springs
Rosh HaAyin springs, also called the Yarkon springs are springs located at the foot of Tel Afek, in the Yarkon National Park which was established in the region that surrounds the springs. These springs are one of the water resources of the Yarkon River...
which were used by the residents of Tel Aviv.
The unit was parachuted in two different locations near Jericho
Jericho
Jericho ; is a city located near the Jordan River in the West Bank of the Palestinian territories. It is the capital of the Jericho Governorate and has a population of more than 20,000. Situated well below sea level on an east-west route north of the Dead Sea, Jericho is the lowest permanently...
, and most of their equipment scattered around those locations. Hassan Salameh, whom was injured during the parachuting, began heading towards Jerusalem after he landed. The rest of the unit (the two Germans and Abdul Latif) hid in a cave
Cave
A cave or cavern is a natural underground space large enough for a human to enter. The term applies to natural cavities some part of which is in total darkness. The word cave also includes smaller spaces like rock shelters, sea caves, and grottos.Speleology is the science of exploration and study...
in Wadi Qelt
Wadi Qelt
Wadi Qelt or Nahal Prat is a valley or stream running west to east across the Judean desert in the West Bank, originating near Jerusalem and terminating near Jericho, near the Dead Sea...
.
Soon after the parachuting Bedouin
Bedouin
The Bedouin are a part of a predominantly desert-dwelling Arab ethnic group traditionally divided into tribes or clans, known in Arabic as ..-Etymology:...
locals discovered one of the parachuted money supplies as well as a pistol
Pistol
When distinguished as a subset of handguns, a pistol is a handgun with a chamber that is integral with the barrel, as opposed to a revolver, wherein the chamber is separate from the barrel as a revolving cylinder. Typically, pistols have an effective range of about 100 feet.-History:The pistol...
and ammunition
Ammunition
Ammunition is a generic term derived from the French language la munition which embraced all material used for war , but which in time came to refer specifically to gunpowder and artillery. The collective term for all types of ammunition is munitions...
. Word of the new coins in Jericho rapidly spread across the region and became the first indicator among the authorities that a secret operation was underway. As a result, Jerusalem police commander Fayez Bey Idrissi ordered extensive searches in Wadi Qelt.
On October 11 the British authorities posted the following statement in the Hebrew press:
Aftermath
Knowledge of the capturing of the enemy Parachutists was revealed to the inhabitants of the region of PalestinePalestine
Palestine is a conventional name, among others, used to describe the geographic region between the Mediterranean Sea and the Jordan River, and various adjoining lands....
already in October 1944. On October 16 the British Mandate authorities published the following official statement:
In October 27 a full report of the capturing of the enemy parachutists was published in the Davar
Davar
Davar was a Hebrew-language daily newspaper published in the Mandate Palestine and Israel between 1925 and May 1996.-History:Davar was established by Moshe Beilinson and Berl Katznelson, with Katznelson as its first editor. The first edition was published on 1 June 1925 under the name Davar - Iton...
newspaper under the title:
The newspaper stated that on October 8 the Jericho police chief learned that gold coins circulated in the city. As a result, an investigation was initiated which resulted in golden coins seized from five local shepherds. The shepherds told the policemen of the site in which they discovered the coins. As a result, a manhunt
Manhunt
Manhunt may refer to:In film:* Bloodfist VII: Manhunt, a 1995 action/adventure film starring Don Wilson* Man Hunt , a 1941 film directed by Fritz Lang* Man Hunt , a 1985 Western film directed by Fabrizio De Angelis...
began which involved military forces, police forces, members of the Arab Legion
Arab Legion
The Arab Legion was the regular army of Transjordan and then Jordan in the early part of the 20th century.-Creation:...
and the Transjordan Frontier Force
Transjordan Frontier Force
The Transjordan Frontier Force was formed, on 1 April 1926, as a para-military border guard to defend Trans-Jordan's northern and southern borders. The TJFF was also an Imperial Service regiment whose Imperial Service soldiers agreed to serve wherever required and not just within the borders of...
. On October 16 a Sargent of Jordanian Frontier Force discovered a man, dressed in traditional Arab clothing, standing at the entrance to a cave and holding a gun. The man surrendered without a fight and soon afterwards two additional people were discovered inside the cave, a German and an Arab .
Hasan Salama
Hasan Salama
Hasan Salama or Hassan Salameh was a commander of the Palestinian Holy War Army in the 1948 Arab-Israeli War along with Abd al-Qadir al-Husayni.- Biography :...
and Frederick Dyininger Shaffer were not captured, and several days afterwards, the search after them was halted. Shaffer was caught only in 1946 when he attempted to renew contact with his family in Wilhelma
Wilhelma
Wilhelma, built as a royal palace, is now a zoo in the northern suburbs of Stuttgart, Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is Europe's only large combined zoological and botanical garden and is home to over 8,000 animals from over 1,000 different species and exotic plants from over 5,000 species.The...
. Hassan Salameh managed to flee to a house of a doctor in a small village near the Qula
Qula
Qula was a Palestinian village in the British Mandate District of Ramla 15 km northeast of Ramla, depopulated during the 1948 Arab-Israeli war.Hasan Salama and his son Ali Hassan Salameh were from Qula.-History:...
, where he got his foot injury treated. On November 30, 1947 Salameh was responsible for the attack on bus no. 2094 which was on its way from Netanya
Netanya
Netanya is a city in the Northern Centre District of Israel, and is the capital of the surrounding Sharon plain. It is located north of Tel Aviv, and south of Haifa between the 'Poleg' stream and Wingate Institute in the south and the 'Avichail' stream in the north.Its of beaches have made the...
to Jerusalem. Salameh was eventually killed on June 2, 1948 during the War of Independence
War of Independence
A war of independence is a conflict occurring over a territory that has declared independence. Once the state that previously held the territory sends in military forces to assert its sovereignty or the native population clashes with the former occupier, a separatist rebellion has begun...
, during a battle with the Irgun
Irgun
The Irgun , or Irgun Zevai Leumi to give it its full title , was a Zionist paramilitary group that operated in Mandate Palestine between 1931 and 1948. It was an offshoot of the earlier and larger Jewish paramilitary organization haHaganah...
forces near the Palestinian village of Qula
Qula
Qula was a Palestinian village in the British Mandate District of Ramla 15 km northeast of Ramla, depopulated during the 1948 Arab-Israeli war.Hasan Salama and his son Ali Hassan Salameh were from Qula.-History:...
overlooking the Rosh HaAyin springs
Rosh HaAyin springs
Rosh HaAyin springs, also called the Yarkon springs are springs located at the foot of Tel Afek, in the Yarkon National Park which was established in the region that surrounds the springs. These springs are one of the water resources of the Yarkon River...
.
In July 4, 2001 about 200 secret documents from the British MI5
MI5
The Security Service, commonly known as MI5 , is the United Kingdom's internal counter-intelligence and security agency and is part of its core intelligence machinery alongside the Secret Intelligence Service focused on foreign threats, Government Communications Headquarters and the Defence...
Archives were released to the public, most of which were related to Germany and were from the years 1939-1944. Among the documents released was detailed information relating to the German Operation ATLAS and the German and Palestinian-Arab unit members whom were parachuted in Palestine in order to carry out the operation.
In popular fiction
- In 2009 the Israeli journalist and military affairs commentator Gad ShimronGad Shimron- Biography :Shimron was born in Tel Aviv in 1950. Shimron is a graduate of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem in History and the study of Southeast Asia....
published the fictional novel "The Sweetheart of the Templar From the Valley of RephaimThe Sweetheart of the Templar From the Valley of RephaimThe Sweetheart of the Templar From the Valley of Rephaim is a historical novel by the Israeli author Gad Shimron published in 2009.The novel describes a love story between a young Jewish woman and a young German Templar in the Valley of Rephaim, which occurs during the period of the Second World...
" which incorporated the story of Operation ATLAS while making several changes to the plot, the exact period in which the parachuting was carried out in, the parachutists names, and their fate.
External links
- The document from the British MI5 archives which covers the details of "Operation ATLAS"
- Enemy parachutists have been captured, DavarDavarDavar was a Hebrew-language daily newspaper published in the Mandate Palestine and Israel between 1925 and May 1996.-History:Davar was established by Moshe Beilinson and Berl Katznelson, with Katznelson as its first editor. The first edition was published on 1 June 1925 under the name Davar - Iton...
, October 27, 1944 (Hebrew) - 3 Nazi air officers caught in Palestine, published on The New York TimesThe New York TimesThe New York Times is an American daily newspaper founded and continuously published in New York City since 1851. The New York Times has won 106 Pulitzer Prizes, the most of any news organization...
on October 28, 1944 - Nazi Parachutists Taken In Palestine, published on the Milwaukee Journal on November 1, 1944
- Nazis planned Palestine subversion, published on BBC NewsBBC NewsBBC News is the department of the British Broadcasting Corporation responsible for the gathering and broadcasting of news and current affairs. The department is the world's largest broadcast news organisation and generates about 120 hours of radio and television output each day, as well as online...
on 5 July 2001 - Rebecca Shepeck-Lisk and Shaul Bartal, Amin al-Husseini: The final solution carried out with together with the Nazis, e-mago.co.il (Hebrew)