Nucleolin is a protein

Protein

Proteins are biochemical compounds consisting of one or more polypeptides typically folded into a globular or fibrous form, facilitating a biological function. A polypeptide is a single linear polymer chain of amino acids bonded together by peptide bonds between the carboxyl and amino groups of...

 that in humans is encoded by the NCL gene

Gene

A gene is a molecular unit of heredity of a living organism. It is a name given to some stretches of DNA and RNA that code for a type of protein or for an RNA chain that has a function in the organism. Living beings depend on genes, as they specify all proteins and functional RNA chains...

.

Gene

The human NCL gene is located on chromosome 2 and consists of 14 exon

Exon

An exon is a nucleic acid sequence that is represented in the mature form of an RNA molecule either after portions of a precursor RNA have been removed by cis-splicing or when two or more precursor RNA molecules have been ligated by trans-splicing. The mature RNA molecule can be a messenger RNA...

s with 13 intron

Intron

An intron is any nucleotide sequence within a gene that is removed by RNA splicing to generate the final mature RNA product of a gene. The term intron refers to both the DNA sequence within a gene, and the corresponding sequence in RNA transcripts. Sequences that are joined together in the final...

s and spans approximately 11kb. The intron 11 of the NCL gene encodes a small nucleolar RNA, termed U20.

Function

Nucleolin (NCL), a eukaryotic nucleolar phosphoprotein

Phosphoprotein

Phosphoproteins are proteins that are physically bonded to a substance containing phosphoric acid . This category of organic molecules includes Fc receptors, Ulks, Calcineurins, K chips, and urocortins....

, is involved in the synthesis and maturation of ribosome

Ribosome

A ribosome is a component of cells that assembles the twenty specific amino acid molecules to form the particular protein molecule determined by the nucleotide sequence of an RNA molecule....

s. The protein is located mainly in dense fibrillar regions of the nucleolus

Nucleolus

The nucleolus is a non-membrane bound structure composed of proteins and nucleic acids found within the nucleus. Ribosomal RNA is transcribed and assembled within the nucleolus...

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Clinical significance

Midkine

Midkine

Midkine also known as neurite growth-promoting factor 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MDK gene....

 and pleiotrophin

Pleiotrophin

Pleiotrophin also known as heparin-binding brain mitogen or heparin-binding growth factor 8 or neurite growth-promoting factor 1 or heparin affinity regulatory peptide or heparin binding growth associated molecule is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PTN gene...

 bind to cell-surface nucleolin as a low affinity receptor. This binding can inhibit HIV infection.

Interactions

Nucleolin has been shown to interact

Protein-protein interaction

Protein–protein interactions occur when two or more proteins bind together, often to carry out their biological function. Many of the most important molecular processes in the cell such as DNA replication are carried out by large molecular machines that are built from a large number of protein...

 with PPP1CB

PPP1CB

Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase PP1-beta catalytic subunit is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PPP1CB gene.-Interactions:PPP1CB has been shown to interact with PPP1R15A, Nucleolin, SMARCB1 and PPP1R9B.-Further reading:...

, Centaurin, alpha 1, CSNK2A2

CSNK2A2

Casein kinase II subunit alpha is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CSNK2A2 gene.-Interactions:CSNK2A2 has been shown to interact with CSNK2B, FGF1, PTEN, RELA, ATF1, Nucleolin, CREB binding protein, Activating transcription factor 2, PIN1, C-jun and C-Fos.-Further reading:...

, Sjogren syndrome antigen B

Sjogren syndrome antigen B

Sjögren syndrome type B antigen also known as Lupus La protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SSB gene.- Function :...

, TOP1

TOP1

DNA topoisomerase 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the TOP1 gene.-Interactions:TOP1 has been shown to interact with BTBD1, P53, Nucleolin, BTBD2, ASF/SF2 and UBE2I.-Further reading:...

, P53

P53

p53 , is a tumor suppressor protein that in humans is encoded by the TP53 gene. p53 is crucial in multicellular organisms, where it regulates the cell cycle and, thus, functions as a tumor suppressor that is involved in preventing cancer...

, S100A11

S100A11

Protein S100-A11 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the S100A11 gene.-Interactions:S100A11 has been shown to interact with Nucleolin and S100B.-Further reading:...

, NPM1

NPM1

Nucleophosmin , also known as nucleolar phosphoprotein B23 or numatrin, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NPM1 gene.- Function :...

, Telomerase reverse transcriptase

Telomerase reverse transcriptase

Telomerase reverse transcriptase is a catalytic subunit of the enzyme telomerase. Its absence is associated with the disorder Cri du chat....

, and HuR

Hur

Hur may refer to:* Hur, a Korean family name, also spelled Heo.*HuR, the ubiquitous RNA binding protein also known as Drosophilla ELAVL1*HUR, Ukraine's military intelligence branch*Hurs , are a Muslim Sufi order in Sindh, Pakistan...

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Further reading