Notions (Winchester College)
Encyclopedia
Notions make up a highly specialised form of slang
used by pupils at Winchester College
. An individual slang word or expression is known as a notion. The number of notions officially in use declines each year, with around 200 notions currently included in the official Notions book sent to New Men.
Some of the same words are used at other schools, in particular Eton
and Charterhouse
(e.g. both schools use "div", though with extended meanings), though there they are not referred to as "notions". A Wykehamist may however speak (e.g.) of "an Eton notion" or "an Oxford notion" in describing the vocabulary or traditions of another institution.
Notion also has a broader definition as "a manner or tradition peculiar to Winchester College". Hence the activity Morning Hills, when the whole school gets up early in the morning to meet on the top of St. Catherine's Hill
, a nearby hill belonging to the college, can also be referred to as a notion.
A personal notion is a personal right or privilege. For example, it is a "notion" of the Prefect of Hall (head boy) to be carried into class in bed.
An academic notion is one with no significance except as a question to be asked at notions examinā.
A bad notion is a solecism: either a non-notional mode of speech or action where a notion is expected, or an attempt at a notion that misfires. A purported notion not accepted as historically authentic may be described as spurious.
More modern and ephemeral forms of school slang, mostly taking the form of modification of vowels for ironic effect, are also sometimes referred to as "notions".
for 'lavatory') was shortened to fo. Thus a pupil might comment, "It's fortunate that the Do Co Ro has its own fo." Abbreviations are often indicated by a colon, as in 18th-century handwriting, for example "Sen: Co: Prae:" (Senior Commoner Prefect), or else by a macron
, for example "mathmā" and "examinā". There are slight differences of vocabulary between College and Commoners, the College dialect being richer.
Some more examples of notions are:
Some notions involve folk etymology.
intonation pattern, which is often encountered in Australian English and the stereotyped Californian Valspeak
, but which is relatively rare in the context of standard Southern British English and may wrongly be interpreted as "questioning". Hence it may perhaps best be transcribed "...?!".
Current examples of vowel alteration include:
Further examples still used by Old Wykehamists include:
The patrony (the act of patronising one's peers) is a central feature of Wykehamical interaction. Formerly, a common way to patronise someone was to say to them "Hullo?!" in a throaty nasal voice. The concept of patrony (sic) was later imagined as a form of metaphorical currency, with individuals bidding each other to "take a patrony".
Old examples, now in Wiccamica Room, include:
Printed versions are Wrench's Word Book and Three Beetleites: see Bibliography. The latter of these was long considered authoritative in Commoners.
The fullest College notions book is that by Stevens (Bibliography). This book is unusual in that it reflects the usages of the 1920s, when the author was at school, but appears to have been continually revised by the author from a scholarly point of view and typed out in the 1960s. It was edited by Christopher Stray and printed in 1998. Other manuscript books are those of Steadman (1955), Foster (c. 1969), Tabbush (1973-4) and Gay (1974). These were generally kept by whatever senior man was most interested in notions, and circulated shortly before Notions Examinā in each year. In the late 1980s this was formalized, and the custodian was known as "Keeper of the Notions and Vice-Chancellor of the University of Sutton Scotney".
A slim brochure, containing only the most basic notions in common use, is printed by P & G Wells and distributed to new men. In earlier times these were available for sale, but were confined to Commoner notions (as recorded in Three Beetleites) and never seen in College.
. It dates from the second half of the 19th century, when it appears to have been a formal and intimidating affair held in VIIth Chamber for College as a whole; similar events were held in Commoner houses. In 1872 there was a major scandal, known as the Tunding Row, when someone was beaten by the prefects for refusing to attend. The Warden imposed restrictions on the prefects' power to beat, and laid down that "What are called 'notions-exams' must exist no longer; that they were merely a disgraceful innovation of late years". The custom crept back on a more informal basis, being held by each chamber individually: in 1942 the Prefect of Hall's Book refers to "the difficulty of providing food at notions examinā".
Traditionally it was held after the first two weeks of Short Half (the autumn term), and was designed to test new boys' familiarity with the manners and customs of the school. In the 1970s it was held on the Saturday evening when the clocks went back; latterly it was moved nearer the end of term. It marked the point at which the New Men (new entrants to College) traditionally became known as juniors or Jun: Men.
During the evening, the scholars would gather by chamber for a meal, cooked by its members. The earlier tradition (1970s) was that this was held in an upstairs chamber (dormitory), and that the younger boys wore pyjamas and dressing gowns, while the rest remained in normal daytime costume. From the late 80s or early 90s, fancy dress was introduced. Each chamber would have a costume theme and, a few weeks in advance, the prefect in charge of each chamber would allocate fictional characters to each member of the chamber, who was then expected to dress up as that character. Examples of themes include 'Harry Potter', 'James Bond', and 'The Greek Gods'. After the meal, there would be a notions test. This test consisted of a series of esoteric questions, the answers to which the first years were expected to have learnt earlier that afternoon. Most questions were humorous in nature and many referred to people and activities from the beginning of the 20th century. In the last few years of the custom, if a first year got a question wrong he would be liable to have the remnants of the meal thrown at him. After the test (which no-one could actually fail), all seventy Collegemen would gather in Chamber Court to sing songs peculiar to College.
The following questions are some of the more memorable:
If the Jun Man did not know the answer, the first three times he could answer "My pater told me but I forgot"; the fourth, fifth, and sixth times "My pater meant to tell me, but he forgot"; and three further times "My pater forgot to tell me". His pater (his mentor from the year above) would then be asked instead. It is said that, in the earlier and more serious (pre-war) form of notions examina, if the candidate failed to answer ten questions his pater was liable to be beaten.
Notions tests ceased being held annually in 2001.
In College this was formalized as Pempe Sunday, held on the third Sunday of Short Half. The tradition was in abeyance from 2000 until 2002, but was restarted in 2003. It was also not held in 2005 or 2006. Each new first year was told to find a person with a given notional name and ask him for a "Pempe". That person would give him a "half vessel" (piece of paper of prescribed dimensions), and send him to someone else, also by his notional name, and so on. The penultimate person in the series (the College Matriarch) would write on the piece of paper the Greek sentence "πεμπε πεμπε τον μωρον προτερον", and the last person (the College Patriarch) would add the accents: the new man is expected to keep his "Pempe" throughout his school career.
The new men are then allowed to throw any top-year into Logie, the stream which runs past the College. Formerly they were allowed to roll top-years down the steps of College Hall unless they could produce a completed Pempe from their first year; this practice was already obsolete by the 1970s, but was apparently revived for a time in the early 1990s. The notions books refer to it obscurely, by saying that it is a personal notion of juniors "to brock (bully or tease) four-year men without Pempes".
Examples of notional names include "Classicus" (the junior man in the senior classics form), "Ecclesiasticus" (the senior man in the junior classics form), "The Cryptic Copt in the Coptic Crypt" (the occupant of a tunnel-like study in Vth Chamber), "The Keeper of the College Ugly Sister", "The College Co-founder of J&J Incorporated" and "College Dorothy with Pickaxe in Spinal Column".
By tradition, a notions book may not define a "Pempe" except for calling it "A necessity for all new men".
, the original purpose being as an exercise in cheer-leading for the game. It involves the Captain of X's asking a list of questions of the form "Who is the..." or "Who does..." (identifying people or groups of people by their notional names, or activities that they may have perpetrated). The relevant people then run into the centre of the chamber shouting "Co-o-o-llege!", prolonging the first syllable as much as possible. The last group to be called up is invariably "The Hot" (the scrum in the College X's team). It is still very much as it was, though the questions are now subject to a mild degree of censorship.
Slang
Slang is the use of informal words and expressions that are not considered standard in the speaker's language or dialect but are considered more acceptable when used socially. Slang is often to be found in areas of the lexicon that refer to things considered taboo...
used by pupils at Winchester College
Winchester College
Winchester College is an independent school for boys in the British public school tradition, situated in Winchester, Hampshire, the former capital of England. It has existed in its present location for over 600 years and claims the longest unbroken history of any school in England...
. An individual slang word or expression is known as a notion. The number of notions officially in use declines each year, with around 200 notions currently included in the official Notions book sent to New Men.
Some of the same words are used at other schools, in particular Eton
Eton College
Eton College, often referred to simply as Eton, is a British independent school for boys aged 13 to 18. It was founded in 1440 by King Henry VI as "The King's College of Our Lady of Eton besides Wyndsor"....
and Charterhouse
Charterhouse School
Charterhouse School, originally The Hospital of King James and Thomas Sutton in Charterhouse, or more simply Charterhouse or House, is an English collegiate independent boarding school situated at Godalming in Surrey.Founded by Thomas Sutton in London in 1611 on the site of the old Carthusian...
(e.g. both schools use "div", though with extended meanings), though there they are not referred to as "notions". A Wykehamist may however speak (e.g.) of "an Eton notion" or "an Oxford notion" in describing the vocabulary or traditions of another institution.
Notion also has a broader definition as "a manner or tradition peculiar to Winchester College". Hence the activity Morning Hills, when the whole school gets up early in the morning to meet on the top of St. Catherine's Hill
St. Catherine's Hill, Hampshire
St. Catherine's Hill is a small but dramatic chalk hill to the south east of Winchester in Hampshire, England. Rising steeply some from the water meadows of the River Itchen, the summit of the hill at provides a fine view over Winchester....
, a nearby hill belonging to the college, can also be referred to as a notion.
A personal notion is a personal right or privilege. For example, it is a "notion" of the Prefect of Hall (head boy) to be carried into class in bed.
An academic notion is one with no significance except as a question to be asked at notions examinā.
A bad notion is a solecism: either a non-notional mode of speech or action where a notion is expected, or an attempt at a notion that misfires. A purported notion not accepted as historically authentic may be described as spurious.
More modern and ephemeral forms of school slang, mostly taking the form of modification of vowels for ironic effect, are also sometimes referred to as "notions".
Examples
Some notions are created by shortening phrases - for example, the Dons' Common Room Notice Board became Do Co Ro No Bo; other notions derive from Latin - for example, foricas (LatinLatin
Latin is an Italic language originally spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. It, along with most European languages, is a descendant of the ancient Proto-Indo-European language. Although it is considered a dead language, a number of scholars and members of the Christian clergy speak it fluently, and...
for 'lavatory') was shortened to fo. Thus a pupil might comment, "It's fortunate that the Do Co Ro has its own fo." Abbreviations are often indicated by a colon, as in 18th-century handwriting, for example "Sen: Co: Prae:" (Senior Commoner Prefect), or else by a macron
Macron
A macron, from the Greek , meaning "long", is a diacritic placed above a vowel . It was originally used to mark a long or heavy syllable in Greco-Roman metrics, but now marks a long vowel...
, for example "mathmā" and "examinā". There are slight differences of vocabulary between College and Commoners, the College dialect being richer.
Some more examples of notions are:
- Man: pupil (of any age)
- Toll: run
- Bogle (sometimes spelled bogwheel): bicycleBicycleA bicycle, also known as a bike, pushbike or cycle, is a human-powered, pedal-driven, single-track vehicle, having two wheels attached to a frame, one behind the other. A person who rides a bicycle is called a cyclist, or bicyclist....
- hence the joke about not being allowed to ride one's bicycle down Canon Street, a narrow and steep street in the campus, formerly reputed to be home to prostitutes, e.g. riding one's bogle down Canon Street. - Div: class or form
- Lob: cry (obsolete)
- Fo: lavatory
- To mug: to work, giving the name Mugging Hall to the room in every house (except College) where work is done in Toys. Mugging down is working in the evenings after preces.
- Toytime: homework or prep.
- Tégé (Commoner houses; pronounced "teejay") and pater (for Collegemen): a Middle Part (second year) man appointed to look after a Jun Man.
- Non licet: forbidden (hence "Non Licet Gate" which used to be for pupils who were expelled, they were not permitted through Outer Gate.)
Some notions involve folk etymology.
- Scob, referring to a type of chest formerly used as a desk, exists in Middle EnglishMiddle EnglishMiddle English is the stage in the history of the English language during the High and Late Middle Ages, or roughly during the four centuries between the late 11th and the late 15th century....
and is derived from Latin "scabellum"; but 19th-century notions books explain it as containing the sounds of "box" backwards. - Remedy (usually shortened to "rem", most notably in "half-rem"), meaning a day's holiday, is derived from Latin "remedium", rest or refreshment, but was formerly thought to be derived from "remī day", quasi "dies remissionis".
- Firk, an old dialect word meaning to expel, gave rise to a legend that an expelled pupil had his clothes handed to him through the gate by Old Mill on a pitchfork (Latin furca).
- Toys, meaning a study cubicle, is derived from the French toise, fathom, referring to the six feet of wall space formerly allotted to each member of a chamber. However, in Chamber Rolls it is rendered into Latin as nuces, meaning "toys" as in children's playthings. (There is no connection with the house "Toye's", though "toyes" was formerly a common misspelling for the word in its study cubicle meaning.)
Modern Winchester Notions
Although many of the old notions are used less and less frequently by Wykehamists, a more informal slang has grown up in their place. Much of this consists of altering the vowel in a word for facetious or sarcastic effect. Wykehamical vowel-alteration is often accompanied by a High Rising TerminalHigh rising terminal
The high rising terminal , also known as uptalk, upspeak, rising inflection or high rising intonation , is a feature of some accents of English where statements have a rising intonation pattern in the final syllable or syllables of the utterance.Empirically, Ladd proposes that HRT in American...
intonation pattern, which is often encountered in Australian English and the stereotyped Californian Valspeak
Valspeak
Valleyspeak or Valspeak is a common name for an American sociolect, originally of Los Angeles, California, in particular Valley girls. This stereotype, which originated in the 1970s, became an international fad for a certain period...
, but which is relatively rare in the context of standard Southern British English and may wrongly be interpreted as "questioning". Hence it may perhaps best be transcribed "...?!".
Current examples of vowel alteration include:
- This is quat good: This is pretty bad
Further examples still used by Old Wykehamists include:
- Yoi: Obviously no, I don't believe this is true
- Noi: Obviously yes, I definitely agree
The patrony (the act of patronising one's peers) is a central feature of Wykehamical interaction. Formerly, a common way to patronise someone was to say to them "Hullo?!" in a throaty nasal voice. The concept of patrony (sic) was later imagined as a form of metaphorical currency, with individuals bidding each other to "take a patrony".
Notions books
Notions are traditionally recorded in manuscript books for the use of new men. (A decision of the Head Master in 1876 lays down "1. That Prefects are to understand that they have no power to compel juniors to copy 'Notion-Books'. 2. That any Prefect infringing the above rule will be punished by the loss of his power.")Old examples, now in Wiccamica Room, include:
- R. Gordon, Winchester College Notions Book (1842),
- F. Fane, Winchester College Commoner Word Book (1843)
- Thomson, Winchester College Commoner Word Book (c 1855)
- J. A. Fort, Winchester College Commoner Word Book (1874)
- A. L. Royds, Winchester College Commoner Word Book (1867)
- Cripps, Winchester College Commoner Word Book (1868–72)
Printed versions are Wrench's Word Book and Three Beetleites: see Bibliography. The latter of these was long considered authoritative in Commoners.
The fullest College notions book is that by Stevens (Bibliography). This book is unusual in that it reflects the usages of the 1920s, when the author was at school, but appears to have been continually revised by the author from a scholarly point of view and typed out in the 1960s. It was edited by Christopher Stray and printed in 1998. Other manuscript books are those of Steadman (1955), Foster (c. 1969), Tabbush (1973-4) and Gay (1974). These were generally kept by whatever senior man was most interested in notions, and circulated shortly before Notions Examinā in each year. In the late 1980s this was formalized, and the custodian was known as "Keeper of the Notions and Vice-Chancellor of the University of Sutton Scotney".
A slim brochure, containing only the most basic notions in common use, is printed by P & G Wells and distributed to new men. In earlier times these were available for sale, but were confined to Commoner notions (as recorded in Three Beetleites) and never seen in College.
Notions tests
Notions examinā, or latterly just Notions (always plural), used to be an annual event unique to College, the scholars' houseHouse system
The house system is a traditional feature of British schools, and schools in the Commonwealth. Historically, it was associated with established public schools, where a 'house' refers to a boarding house or dormitory of a boarding school...
. It dates from the second half of the 19th century, when it appears to have been a formal and intimidating affair held in VIIth Chamber for College as a whole; similar events were held in Commoner houses. In 1872 there was a major scandal, known as the Tunding Row, when someone was beaten by the prefects for refusing to attend. The Warden imposed restrictions on the prefects' power to beat, and laid down that "What are called 'notions-exams' must exist no longer; that they were merely a disgraceful innovation of late years". The custom crept back on a more informal basis, being held by each chamber individually: in 1942 the Prefect of Hall's Book refers to "the difficulty of providing food at notions examinā".
Traditionally it was held after the first two weeks of Short Half (the autumn term), and was designed to test new boys' familiarity with the manners and customs of the school. In the 1970s it was held on the Saturday evening when the clocks went back; latterly it was moved nearer the end of term. It marked the point at which the New Men (new entrants to College) traditionally became known as juniors or Jun: Men.
During the evening, the scholars would gather by chamber for a meal, cooked by its members. The earlier tradition (1970s) was that this was held in an upstairs chamber (dormitory), and that the younger boys wore pyjamas and dressing gowns, while the rest remained in normal daytime costume. From the late 80s or early 90s, fancy dress was introduced. Each chamber would have a costume theme and, a few weeks in advance, the prefect in charge of each chamber would allocate fictional characters to each member of the chamber, who was then expected to dress up as that character. Examples of themes include 'Harry Potter', 'James Bond', and 'The Greek Gods'. After the meal, there would be a notions test. This test consisted of a series of esoteric questions, the answers to which the first years were expected to have learnt earlier that afternoon. Most questions were humorous in nature and many referred to people and activities from the beginning of the 20th century. In the last few years of the custom, if a first year got a question wrong he would be liable to have the remnants of the meal thrown at him. After the test (which no-one could actually fail), all seventy Collegemen would gather in Chamber Court to sing songs peculiar to College.
The following questions are some of the more memorable:
- Can you sing? All people that on earth do dwell (spoken).
- Who is Jupiter? A notorious rascal of St. Cross, long since defunct, who has been a notion since time immemorial/immemorable. (Whichever form is used, all present loudly correct it to the other one.)
- How many feathers are there in a clump? 7; 77; 777; 7777 &c. [until told to stop]
- Which one is Moses? The one that's not Aaron.
- What was found by the Coalhole in the Coalhole? 5000 tons of processed peas.
- Who put the apple in the teapot? Somebody else.
If the Jun Man did not know the answer, the first three times he could answer "My pater told me but I forgot"; the fourth, fifth, and sixth times "My pater meant to tell me, but he forgot"; and three further times "My pater forgot to tell me". His pater (his mentor from the year above) would then be asked instead. It is said that, in the earlier and more serious (pre-war) form of notions examina, if the candidate failed to answer ten questions his pater was liable to be beaten.
Notions tests ceased being held annually in 2001.
Pempe Sunday
The Pempe was formerly a practical joke perpetrated in Commoners. A junior boy was asked to obtain a book called "Pempe ton moron proteron" (send the fool further); each person he asked for it would refer him to someone else, often in a different house, until someone took pity on him. A similar joke, involving an "important letter" with the words "send the fool further", was practised in Ireland on April Fools' Day.In College this was formalized as Pempe Sunday, held on the third Sunday of Short Half. The tradition was in abeyance from 2000 until 2002, but was restarted in 2003. It was also not held in 2005 or 2006. Each new first year was told to find a person with a given notional name and ask him for a "Pempe". That person would give him a "half vessel" (piece of paper of prescribed dimensions), and send him to someone else, also by his notional name, and so on. The penultimate person in the series (the College Matriarch) would write on the piece of paper the Greek sentence "πεμπε πεμπε τον μωρον προτερον", and the last person (the College Patriarch) would add the accents: the new man is expected to keep his "Pempe" throughout his school career.
The new men are then allowed to throw any top-year into Logie, the stream which runs past the College. Formerly they were allowed to roll top-years down the steps of College Hall unless they could produce a completed Pempe from their first year; this practice was already obsolete by the 1970s, but was apparently revived for a time in the early 1990s. The notions books refer to it obscurely, by saying that it is a personal notion of juniors "to brock (bully or tease) four-year men without Pempes".
Examples of notional names include "Classicus" (the junior man in the senior classics form), "Ecclesiasticus" (the senior man in the junior classics form), "The Cryptic Copt in the Coptic Crypt" (the occupant of a tunnel-like study in Vth Chamber), "The Keeper of the College Ugly Sister", "The College Co-founder of J&J Incorporated" and "College Dorothy with Pickaxe in Spinal Column".
By tradition, a notions book may not define a "Pempe" except for calling it "A necessity for all new men".
Epideixis
Epideixis is an event held uniquely for Collegemen in VIIth chamber on the night before the first game of X'sWinchester College Football
Winchester College Football, also known as Winkies, WinCoFo or simply "Our Game", is a code of football played at Winchester College. It is akin to the Eton Field and Wall Games and the Harrow Game in that it enjoys a large following from Wykehamists and old Wykehamists but is not played outside...
, the original purpose being as an exercise in cheer-leading for the game. It involves the Captain of X's asking a list of questions of the form "Who is the..." or "Who does..." (identifying people or groups of people by their notional names, or activities that they may have perpetrated). The relevant people then run into the centre of the chamber shouting "Co-o-o-llege!", prolonging the first syllable as much as possible. The last group to be called up is invariably "The Hot" (the scrum in the College X's team). It is still very much as it was, though the questions are now subject to a mild degree of censorship.