Nikolai Virta
Encyclopedia
Nikolai Yevgenyevich Virta (real name Karelsky) ( - January 3, 1976) was a Soviet writer who developed the theory of "conflictless" drama.
, into the family of a village priest who was shot in 1921 as a supporter of Aleksandr Antonov. From 1923 he worked as a reporter for newspapers and radio, and from 1930 he lived in Moscow. He won fame with his 1935 novel Odinochestvo (Alone), which he used as the basis for his play Zemlya (Earth, 1937). He was awarded the Stalin Prize for the novel in 1941, as he was for his plays Khleb nash nashushchny (Our Daily Bread) in 1948 and Zagovor obrechennykh (Conspiracy of the Condemned, a "virulently anti-American drama") in 1949 and for his script for the film Stalingradskaya bitva
(The battle of Stalingrad) in 1950. He later turned his 1956 novel Krutye gory (Steep Hills) into the play Dali dal'nye, ne oglyadnye (1957).
In 1943 Joseph Stalin
decided to allow publication of the Bible
in Russia, and Virta was chosen as the censor for the project; he decided there were no deviations from Communist ideology and passed it without alteration. In 1954, as the result of a scandal, he was excluded from the Writers' Union, but he was reinstated in 1956.
In describing the "nadir of the Soviet theatre" between World War II and the death of Stalin, Michael Glenny
writes:
Kornei Chukovsky described Virta as follows in his diary entry for October 19, 1941:
Biography
Nikolai Virta was born in the village of Bolshaya Lazovka near TambovTambov
Tambov is a city and the administrative center of Tambov Oblast, Russia, located at the confluence of the Tsna and Studenets Rivers southeast of Moscow...
, into the family of a village priest who was shot in 1921 as a supporter of Aleksandr Antonov. From 1923 he worked as a reporter for newspapers and radio, and from 1930 he lived in Moscow. He won fame with his 1935 novel Odinochestvo (Alone), which he used as the basis for his play Zemlya (Earth, 1937). He was awarded the Stalin Prize for the novel in 1941, as he was for his plays Khleb nash nashushchny (Our Daily Bread) in 1948 and Zagovor obrechennykh (Conspiracy of the Condemned, a "virulently anti-American drama") in 1949 and for his script for the film Stalingradskaya bitva
The Battle of Stalingrad (1949 movie)
The Battle of Stalingrad is a 1949 two-part Soviet epic film about the Battle of Stalingrad, directed by Vladimir Petrov. The script was written by Nikolai Virta.-Film I:...
(The battle of Stalingrad) in 1950. He later turned his 1956 novel Krutye gory (Steep Hills) into the play Dali dal'nye, ne oglyadnye (1957).
In 1943 Joseph Stalin
Joseph Stalin
Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin was the Premier of the Soviet Union from 6 May 1941 to 5 March 1953. He was among the Bolshevik revolutionaries who brought about the October Revolution and had held the position of first General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union's Central Committee...
decided to allow publication of the Bible
Bible
The Bible refers to any one of the collections of the primary religious texts of Judaism and Christianity. There is no common version of the Bible, as the individual books , their contents and their order vary among denominations...
in Russia, and Virta was chosen as the censor for the project; he decided there were no deviations from Communist ideology and passed it without alteration. In 1954, as the result of a scandal, he was excluded from the Writers' Union, but he was reinstated in 1956.
In describing the "nadir of the Soviet theatre" between World War II and the death of Stalin, Michael Glenny
Michael Glenny
Michael Valentine Glenny was a British lecturer in Russian studies and a noted translator of Russian literature into English...
writes:
Matters reached the depth of absurdity when one of the most compliant Stalinist playwrights, Nikolay Virta, propounded the theory of 'lack of conflict'. According to this, the only possible basis of drama for a Soviet play was the struggle between the 'good' and the 'better'. The resulting plays were so abysmal that even the party was forced to disown them.
Kornei Chukovsky described Virta as follows in his diary entry for October 19, 1941:
But morally suspect as he is, there is something endearing about him: he hasn't read a thing and doesn't care for poetry, music, or nature, yet he is hardworking, tireless in his machinations (and not only when they're for his own good), not without literary ability (some of his newspaper reports are very well written). It's just that he's a predatory type by nature. He adores things—fancy clothes, fine furniture, rich food—and power.
Sources
- Вирта Николай Евгеньевич (in Russian)