Navas de San Juan
Encyclopedia
Navas de San Juan is a Spanish village of the province of province of Jaén, Spain
. According to the 2005 census
(INE
), the city has a population of 5,030 inhabitants. It is the biggest village of the region of El Condado. The river called Guadalimar runs for its municipal area.
The patron saint of the village is Saint John Baptist whose festival is celebrated between the days 24th and 29th of June. The patron Virgin is the Virgen de la Estrella whose pilgrimage is celebrated in her shrine the days 1st, 2nd and 3rd of May.
In Roman times, the village became an important meeting point in the way between Cástulo and Ilugo, as showed by the appearance of the two milestones in the municipal area. In the surrounds of Navas de San Juan there was a mansion located, Ad Morum that was a stop in the Camino de Aníbal.
In its territory there's a plentiful supply of agricultural villa-type exploitation, from which to the date seven have been recorded, for example El Acero or El Cerro Prior.
In times of Al Ándalus, Navas de San Juan would be a little village (alquería) belonging to the administrative district the Sant Astiban. The Muslims built a castle, from which we only have some pictures, and subsequently it was reformed by the Christians. In its district there are remains of other fortified structures as the castle of Ero and the tower keep around which the actual shrine Santa María de la Estrella was built.
The lands of Navas de San Juan were conquered by Ferdinand III of Castile in 1226 and integrated in the royal lands, under the jurisdiction of Santisteban del Puerto. In 1254 the King Alfonso X “the Wise” donated Santisteban del Puerto to the city council of Úbeda. In 1285 the King Sancho IV of Castile and León turned Santisteban and its district again into royal lands.
In the 14th century, Navas de San Juan and Castellar formed, by royal appointment, the lordship of Santisteban, delivered by Henry II of Castile to Men Rodríguez Benavides. In 1473 Henry IV of Castile turns it into county, granting to Don Diego Sánchez de Benavides the title of Count of Santisteban.
Saint John Baptist Church was built between the 16th and 18th centuries, and it has a façade in the mannerist style and a 17th-century tower. The chapel of the Virgen de la Estrella was also risen in the same period than the church of the village on a medieval fortification from which only the Tower Keep, declared of Tourist Interest, survives.
The Town Hall is dated at the end of the 19th century; it is worth mentioning its brick façade with clock and bell tower with belfry and its second floor balcony. Also at the end of the 19th century the Asilo de Santa Sara y San Fructuoso was built, in an eclectic style and of modernist decoration.
23rd-29th June: Saint John’s Day Celebration. One week of festivities held since 1808 in honour to the patron saint of the village, Saint John Baptist.
First weekend of August: Emigrants Festival. Three days’ celebration originally created to be enjoyed by those who live out of the village and could not attend the Saint John’s Day Celebration. Due to it, everything about the patron saint’s celebration is represented at a smaller scale.
Others archaeological remains are those of the Roman city of Olvera (Olva), the Cañada de Úbeda and those of the mines of the mountain range.
The village of Navas de San Juan obtained the town charter awarded by the king Carlos IV, on 28th January 1802, then the lords of El Condado were Don Luís María Fernández de Córdova and Doña María del Milagro Benavides and Pacheco de la Cueva, as the history of the village is intimately linked with El Condado.
The historical vicissitudes of the village have been diverse and have marked the development of everyday occurrences of the lives of Navas’ men and women.
In its vast rangelands bull breeding has a privileged place, with six livestocks in the municipal term, but sheep and goat farming of excellent meat may also be found. Big and small game hunting take up an important place in the local economy, existing in the town a great passion for sport hunting.
The streets of the old town run in a winding way, taking as its point of origin the place before occupied by the Moorish castle. From this center and forming an urban structure in a radial way, the village was developed to Plaza de la Iglesia and Plaza de la Constitución (or Plaza de las Palmeras, as it is traditionally known). At present, these squares are the nerve centre of the social life of the town.
Calle de las Parras is in the habit of being the traditional night walking street, and a step before the "liga" in some of the numerous bars of the village. Calle Real and Calle Ramón and Cajal, increasingly becoming the commercial streets of the village, see how the coming and going of the neighbours occupy them daily.
From the flat and down zone of the village, where one finds the wholesale food market, the bullring, the Avenida de Andalucía, streets begin to get steep to the Barrio del Terrero, or De las Eras, or La Cábila, to where one may gain access by the slope formed by the wall, a real work of engineering that may be contemplated in all its majesty from the way out of Villacarrillo Road. Each of these neighborhoods has a special charm, and walking along them makes the traveler know the small particularities that they enclose; balconies with geraniums pots, whitewashed houses, doors and windows gratings and decoration…
The town has unquestionable samples of medieval and noble architecture, represented in buildings as Saint John Baptist’s Parish Church. As provided in the book about the history of Navas de San Juan whose authors are the brothers Antonio and Miguel Nieto, the church had to be in the beginning the feudal castle of the Benavides family. This fact is reaffirmed by the architectural styles that dominate the current building, and the existence of underground passages communicated with the nowadays number 3 of the square, with the castle and with the well that, since time immemorial, was located in the middle of current Calle Lorite.
The huge difference existing in styles of the body of masonry, and in the walls that still survive of the Benavides’ ancient palace, makes suppose that they were built on different dates. The first data that we have about the church date back to mid 16th century, whose date corresponds to the plateresque architectural style in the stalls. For this reason there is no doubt that the body of masonry was probably a part of same fortress or feudal castle belonging to the feudal lords of the town, since the reign of Henry IV. The works of the church were entrusted to the architect Nicolás de Torres.
Other representative building of the town, although it is not located in the urban area, is the Virgen de la Estrella’s Sanctuary.
It is situated five kilometers from the village, in one of the navas of the municipal term, that make up a big plain where the pilgrims congregate 1st, 2nd and 3rd day of May. It was in his origin an Arab fortress, regarding the disposition of the walls of the tower which still survives, strewn with narrow loopholes, dating its foundation back to the 9th and 10th centuries. The first perimeter of the fortress had to be more extensive.
Other interesting places to be visited are the Lavatorio Público, that is in the road of "Vergao" to one thousand meters from the urban area, the City Council's building , whose façade of the beginning of the 20th century is quite interesting, and the Edificio de los Torreones, future culture centre, in Calle Alférez Rojas, dated back to the transition of the 19th and 20th centuries.
The patron saint's day celebrations have a pronounced taurine nature, given the love for bulls in the village. Encierros, corridas and novilladas (enclosures and bullfighting) are carried out, and in the evening, the famous, crowded popular verbenas (night festivals) may be enjoyed.
For naveros, the pilgrimage of Our Lady of La Estrella becomes a milestone every year. It is declared of National and Andalusian Tourist Interest. It is one of the most important pilgrimages in the province, where the pilgrims coming from all the Spanish territory enjoy venerating "La Reina Del Olivar" (The Queen of the Olive Grove) as the Virgen de la Estrella is known.
On the 3rd May in the evening the image is taken to the village in procession, where it stays until the first Saturday of September, when it returns to its hermitage. The famous music of the “Mayos”, of a great tradition and popularity, is intoned by the pilgrims.
The Virgin’s image does not show any mark of the sculptor nor of the year in which it was carved. Only, following its drawing lines, attitude, height and the obvious antiquity of the sculpture, it is possible to suppose that the image corresponds to the last period of Gothic art. The flat surface without a cloak in its dorsal part makes suppose that it was attached to any altarpiece in Antiquity. It has a carved cloak and with polychromy in blue with golden stars.
El Rincón Taurino is in the way out to Santisteban, where oxtail, lamb chops and minced pork sausage will delight the people dining. In La Alacena, located on the road from Navas de San Juan to Úbeda, next to the Llano de la Estrella, traditional foods of the town like galianos, calandrajos or legs of lamb have a special place. In the cuisine of the restaurant El Cabo popular dishes such as fava beans with ham, migas (typical dish of the Andalusian cuisine made with bread crumbs, olive oil, grapes and pork) or beans are found.
In the village "ligar", or go drinking with friends, what is the same, is a must. For that, there is a good supply of bars with tasty tapas, which delight the most discerning palates. There are moments of fond distraction and gathering.
In the Bar Aliño, 4 Calle Toriles, great anchovies with roasted potatoes may be found, fried in the own bar, a good meat in tomato sauce or migas cortijeras. In the Bar Casa del Pueblo (72 Calle Real), good grilled steaks, extraordinary tripe or delicious sweetbreads served with a cold beer may be tasted. Bar Parrilla’s tapas (in the Plaza de la Cruz Roja) have a different air, and its delicious mojama (dried salted tuna), almonds and the excellent cheese there served.
It is also worth to highlight the Café-Bar Garrido, where a good atmosphere may be found, and the terrace of the Bar Mota, which is very popular in summer.
Medical centre: +34 953 689 127
Guardia Civil (Civil Guard): +34 953 689 433
IES San Juan Bautista (Secondary School): +34 953 689 705
Virgen de la Estrella State School: +34 953 689 122
Chemist’s: +34 953 689 027
Spain
Spain , officially the Kingdom of Spain languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Spain's official name is as follows:;;;;;;), is a country and member state of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula...
. According to the 2005 census
Census
A census is the procedure of systematically acquiring and recording information about the members of a given population. It is a regularly occurring and official count of a particular population. The term is used mostly in connection with national population and housing censuses; other common...
(INE
Instituto Nacional de Estadística (Spain)
The National Institute of Statistics is the official organisation in Spain that collects statistics about demography, economy, and Spanish society. Every 10 years, this organisation conducts a national census. The last census took place in 2001....
), the city has a population of 5,030 inhabitants. It is the biggest village of the region of El Condado. The river called Guadalimar runs for its municipal area.
The patron saint of the village is Saint John Baptist whose festival is celebrated between the days 24th and 29th of June. The patron Virgin is the Virgen de la Estrella whose pilgrimage is celebrated in her shrine the days 1st, 2nd and 3rd of May.
Origin
In the middle of the 2nd millennium BC, the territory that now takes up Navas de San Juan had already human occupation, such as the settlements of Castellón and La Atalaya. But it isn´t until the Iberian stage, probably due to a colonization promoted by the big Iberian center of Cástulo, in about IV century BC, when the village was formed.In Roman times, the village became an important meeting point in the way between Cástulo and Ilugo, as showed by the appearance of the two milestones in the municipal area. In the surrounds of Navas de San Juan there was a mansion located, Ad Morum that was a stop in the Camino de Aníbal.
In its territory there's a plentiful supply of agricultural villa-type exploitation, from which to the date seven have been recorded, for example El Acero or El Cerro Prior.
Middle Ages
In times of Al Ándalus, Navas de San Juan would be a little village (alquería) belonging to the administrative district the Sant Astiban. The Muslims built a castle, from which we only have some pictures, and subsequently it was reformed by the Christians. In its district there are remains of other fortified structures as the castle of Ero and the tower keep around which the actual shrine Santa María de la Estrella was built.
The lands of Navas de San Juan were conquered by Ferdinand III of Castile in 1226 and integrated in the royal lands, under the jurisdiction of Santisteban del Puerto. In 1254 the King Alfonso X “the Wise” donated Santisteban del Puerto to the city council of Úbeda. In 1285 the King Sancho IV of Castile and León turned Santisteban and its district again into royal lands.
In the 14th century, Navas de San Juan and Castellar formed, by royal appointment, the lordship of Santisteban, delivered by Henry II of Castile to Men Rodríguez Benavides. In 1473 Henry IV of Castile turns it into county, granting to Don Diego Sánchez de Benavides the title of Count of Santisteban.
Modern Age
In 1793 Philip V of Spain raises the title to dukedom and grants it to the House of Medinaceli .The engagement with Santisteban del Puerto during the Modern Age ended in 1802 with the concession of the privilege of royal charter on behalf of Charles IV of Spain.20th century
In the middle of the century, like in the rest of Andalusia, the village suffers the effects of mass migration from the countryside to the big cities, losing a 25% of its population between 1940 and 1975.Monuments and places of tourist interest
At the beginning of the 20th century the village was still crowned by a castle, but it was demolished and nothing from it survived. Some Roman remains of roads and settlements can still be found in the municipal district.Saint John Baptist Church was built between the 16th and 18th centuries, and it has a façade in the mannerist style and a 17th-century tower. The chapel of the Virgen de la Estrella was also risen in the same period than the church of the village on a medieval fortification from which only the Tower Keep, declared of Tourist Interest, survives.
The Town Hall is dated at the end of the 19th century; it is worth mentioning its brick façade with clock and bell tower with belfry and its second floor balcony. Also at the end of the 19th century the Asilo de Santa Sara y San Fructuoso was built, in an eclectic style and of modernist decoration.
Local holidays
1st, 2nd and 3rd May: Pilgrimage to the Virgen de la Estrella. Declared of Tourist Interest in 1984, it is carried out around the virgin´s chapel situated on 5 Km from the village.23rd-29th June: Saint John’s Day Celebration. One week of festivities held since 1808 in honour to the patron saint of the village, Saint John Baptist.
First weekend of August: Emigrants Festival. Three days’ celebration originally created to be enjoyed by those who live out of the village and could not attend the Saint John’s Day Celebration. Due to it, everything about the patron saint’s celebration is represented at a smaller scale.
Economy
It is mainly based on the olive tree planting. The small livestock activity in the village is focused on cattle. Another important resource is based on the itinerant fairs that provide many jobs during the summer.Gastronomy
It is influenced by the cooking of La Mancha due to its geographic proximity, so that porridge or ratatouille are usual traditional dishes in the village. Yet, there are recipes typically made in the village, especially sweets and desserts as the pericones (originated in Arquillos) the pollas en leche or gachas dulces. It is also worth highlighting the calandrajos and the pipirrana as well as its sausages.History
Its historical precedents date back to the Bronze Age. As early as during the Roman occupation, it is known about the existence of an antique “mansio”, hostelry, on the main road, which was a station of the Via Augusta –Via Herculea in the Carthaginian period- which linked Cadiz to Rome. This station was known as “Ad-morum de los Vasos Apolinares” (Ad-morum of the Vicarello Vases). It is supposed to have gained notoriety due to its proximity to Cástulo and because it held an important part of the trade movement of the county.Others archaeological remains are those of the Roman city of Olvera (Olva), the Cañada de Úbeda and those of the mines of the mountain range.
The village of Navas de San Juan obtained the town charter awarded by the king Carlos IV, on 28th January 1802, then the lords of El Condado were Don Luís María Fernández de Córdova and Doña María del Milagro Benavides and Pacheco de la Cueva, as the history of the village is intimately linked with El Condado.
The historical vicissitudes of the village have been diverse and have marked the development of everyday occurrences of the lives of Navas’ men and women.
The village
The village sits on a nava (plateau) at 630 meters above the sea level. It is located 23 km from the Madrid-Cadiz railway, 35 km from the national highway IV and the same distance from Córdoba–Valencia road, from Linares there are 32 km by the A-312 county road. In its municipal area, furrowed by the rivers Guarrizas, Guadalén and Guadalimar, olive tree is cultivated in big extensions, as proved by the data of average crop of forty million kilos of olive, ground in five big local oil-mills, three of them cooperative and two private factories.In its vast rangelands bull breeding has a privileged place, with six livestocks in the municipal term, but sheep and goat farming of excellent meat may also be found. Big and small game hunting take up an important place in the local economy, existing in the town a great passion for sport hunting.
The streets of the old town run in a winding way, taking as its point of origin the place before occupied by the Moorish castle. From this center and forming an urban structure in a radial way, the village was developed to Plaza de la Iglesia and Plaza de la Constitución (or Plaza de las Palmeras, as it is traditionally known). At present, these squares are the nerve centre of the social life of the town.
Calle de las Parras is in the habit of being the traditional night walking street, and a step before the "liga" in some of the numerous bars of the village. Calle Real and Calle Ramón and Cajal, increasingly becoming the commercial streets of the village, see how the coming and going of the neighbours occupy them daily.
From the flat and down zone of the village, where one finds the wholesale food market, the bullring, the Avenida de Andalucía, streets begin to get steep to the Barrio del Terrero, or De las Eras, or La Cábila, to where one may gain access by the slope formed by the wall, a real work of engineering that may be contemplated in all its majesty from the way out of Villacarrillo Road. Each of these neighborhoods has a special charm, and walking along them makes the traveler know the small particularities that they enclose; balconies with geraniums pots, whitewashed houses, doors and windows gratings and decoration…
The town has unquestionable samples of medieval and noble architecture, represented in buildings as Saint John Baptist’s Parish Church. As provided in the book about the history of Navas de San Juan whose authors are the brothers Antonio and Miguel Nieto, the church had to be in the beginning the feudal castle of the Benavides family. This fact is reaffirmed by the architectural styles that dominate the current building, and the existence of underground passages communicated with the nowadays number 3 of the square, with the castle and with the well that, since time immemorial, was located in the middle of current Calle Lorite.
The huge difference existing in styles of the body of masonry, and in the walls that still survive of the Benavides’ ancient palace, makes suppose that they were built on different dates. The first data that we have about the church date back to mid 16th century, whose date corresponds to the plateresque architectural style in the stalls. For this reason there is no doubt that the body of masonry was probably a part of same fortress or feudal castle belonging to the feudal lords of the town, since the reign of Henry IV. The works of the church were entrusted to the architect Nicolás de Torres.
Other representative building of the town, although it is not located in the urban area, is the Virgen de la Estrella’s Sanctuary.
It is situated five kilometers from the village, in one of the navas of the municipal term, that make up a big plain where the pilgrims congregate 1st, 2nd and 3rd day of May. It was in his origin an Arab fortress, regarding the disposition of the walls of the tower which still survives, strewn with narrow loopholes, dating its foundation back to the 9th and 10th centuries. The first perimeter of the fortress had to be more extensive.
Other interesting places to be visited are the Lavatorio Público, that is in the road of "Vergao" to one thousand meters from the urban area, the City Council's building , whose façade of the beginning of the 20th century is quite interesting, and the Edificio de los Torreones, future culture centre, in Calle Alférez Rojas, dated back to the transition of the 19th and 20th centuries.
Celebrations
In Navas de San Juan two local festivals are held: its patron saint’s, Saint John Baptist, which is held from 23rd to 29th June, and the Virgen de la Estrella’s Pilgrimage, from 1st to 3rd May.The patron saint's day celebrations have a pronounced taurine nature, given the love for bulls in the village. Encierros, corridas and novilladas (enclosures and bullfighting) are carried out, and in the evening, the famous, crowded popular verbenas (night festivals) may be enjoyed.
For naveros, the pilgrimage of Our Lady of La Estrella becomes a milestone every year. It is declared of National and Andalusian Tourist Interest. It is one of the most important pilgrimages in the province, where the pilgrims coming from all the Spanish territory enjoy venerating "La Reina Del Olivar" (The Queen of the Olive Grove) as the Virgen de la Estrella is known.
On the 3rd May in the evening the image is taken to the village in procession, where it stays until the first Saturday of September, when it returns to its hermitage. The famous music of the “Mayos”, of a great tradition and popularity, is intoned by the pilgrims.
The Virgin’s image does not show any mark of the sculptor nor of the year in which it was carved. Only, following its drawing lines, attitude, height and the obvious antiquity of the sculpture, it is possible to suppose that the image corresponds to the last period of Gothic art. The flat surface without a cloak in its dorsal part makes suppose that it was attached to any altarpiece in Antiquity. It has a carved cloak and with polychromy in blue with golden stars.
Gastronomy
Navas de San Juan has got an important gastronomic tradition. As in the rest of the region of El Condado, the principal basis for cuisine is olive oil, legumes, vegetables and flour. Thus, the visitor may taste delicious calandrajos, broth of andrajos, which are thin pieces of flour dough flavoured with mint and seasoned with hare meat. The galianos, when this same dough is baked and mixed with ratatouille, made with tomatoes and peppers, to which crumbled hare or pigeon meat is added. The ajoharina, is a thick, juicy stew made with vegetables, potatoes, paprika and flour. The ajo is traditional in slaughters, made with onions, rice, diverse spices and pig blood, which once stuffed becomes a rich pudding.Places to eat
All these meats, and more, may be tasted in the following restaurants:El Rincón Taurino is in the way out to Santisteban, where oxtail, lamb chops and minced pork sausage will delight the people dining. In La Alacena, located on the road from Navas de San Juan to Úbeda, next to the Llano de la Estrella, traditional foods of the town like galianos, calandrajos or legs of lamb have a special place. In the cuisine of the restaurant El Cabo popular dishes such as fava beans with ham, migas (typical dish of the Andalusian cuisine made with bread crumbs, olive oil, grapes and pork) or beans are found.
In the village "ligar", or go drinking with friends, what is the same, is a must. For that, there is a good supply of bars with tasty tapas, which delight the most discerning palates. There are moments of fond distraction and gathering.
In the Bar Aliño, 4 Calle Toriles, great anchovies with roasted potatoes may be found, fried in the own bar, a good meat in tomato sauce or migas cortijeras. In the Bar Casa del Pueblo (72 Calle Real), good grilled steaks, extraordinary tripe or delicious sweetbreads served with a cold beer may be tasted. Bar Parrilla’s tapas (in the Plaza de la Cruz Roja) have a different air, and its delicious mojama (dried salted tuna), almonds and the excellent cheese there served.
It is also worth to highlight the Café-Bar Garrido, where a good atmosphere may be found, and the terrace of the Bar Mota, which is very popular in summer.
Accommodation
In Navas de San Juan you may stay at the boarding house of the Bar Santana or in accommodations in the municipal term of Santisteban del Puerto which is ten minutes from the town.Useful telephone numbers
Town council: +34 953 689 100Medical centre: +34 953 689 127
Guardia Civil (Civil Guard): +34 953 689 433
IES San Juan Bautista (Secondary School): +34 953 689 705
Virgen de la Estrella State School: +34 953 689 122
Chemist’s: +34 953 689 027