Natasha Vita-More
Encyclopedia
Natasha Vita-More is a transhumanist
, media artist and designer
, with a science background, known for designing "Primo Posthuman." This future human prototype
incorporates biotechnology
, robotics
, information technology
, nanotechnology
, cognitive and neuroscience
for human enhancement
and extreme life extension
.
Vita-More is a university lecturer and the Creative Director of H+ Lab for scientific and artistic design
collaborations. Vita-More is currently a Visiting Scholar at Twenty-First Century Medicine
, Advisor to the Singularity University
, Fellow at the Institute for Ethics and Emerging Technologies
, and Chairman of the Board of Directors of Humanity+. She is a PhD candidate at the Planetary Collegium
, University of Plymouth. Her thesis concerns human enhancement
and extreme life extension
. She holds a B.F.A., University of Memphis
; filmmaker-in-residence, University of Colorado
; M.Sc., University of Houston
; M.Phil. University of Plymouth.
and Telluride
1985–1992; founded Transhumanist Arts and Culture 1993. She was the Chair of “Vital Progress Summit” 2004, establishing a precedent for proaction of human enhancement (see Proactionary Principle
). She was the president of the Extropy Institute 2002-2006. She currently advises non-profit organizations including Center for Responsible Nanotechnology
, Adaptive A.I., and LifeBoat Foundation, and Alcor Life Extension Foundation
, and has been a consultant to IBM
on the future of human performance.
Vita-More is a lecturer on transhumanism
.
and its main initiators. Here is a short extract from the interview:
and enhancing human biology. To give credence to her arguments, Vita-More supports the Proactionary Principle
.
In addition to academic works, she has been featured in Wired
, Harper’s Bazaar, Marie Claire, The New York Times, U.S. News & World Report, Net Business, Telepolis
, LA Weekly
and Village Voice. She makes frequent media appearances on the future and culture, and has exhibited at National Centre for Contemporary Arts, Brooks Memorial Museum, Institute of Contemporary Art, Women In Video, Telluride Film Festival and United States Environmental Film Festival and recently "Evolution Haute Couture: Art and Science in the Post-Biological Age". Vita-More has a bi-monthly column in Nanotechnology Now, is a Guest Editor of The Global Spiral academic journal and on the Editorial Board of International Journal of Green Nanotechnology. Audio and vido interviews with Vita-More can be found at Technoccult La Spirale MemeBox Future Blogger Tin Foil and Wiki Science.
is to improve its condition and survive. Her theory
suggests that human nature
is built on the premise of problem solving
through innovative methods of design
. Such theory employs Conceptual Art
at its core and includes, but is not limited to, biotechnology
, robotics
, information technology
, nanotechnology
, neuroscience
and cognitive science, artificial general intelligence ("BRINC"). Primo Posthuman combines bioart
and “BRNIC” in reaching past limitations of bioart
toward the central issue of extending life well past the Hayflick theory. Arguing for instinctive need and desire to overcome odds such as disease
, the original future human body/brain design “Primo Posthuman” is both a media design and a theoretical concept
. Her “Primo Guide” gives a brief illustrated introduction.
can be understood from evolutionary biology of natural selection
; however, it is the human who is making the selection through critical thinking
of the pros and cons of human enhancement
technologies. Vita-More argues that morphological freedom
is the bargaining chip rather than human enhancement being based on an economic hierarchy
of those who have power (elitism
) and those who do not (poverty
).
"Transhuman Statement" in ARTISTS' MANIFESTOS, New York: Penguin Modern Classics.
"The Aesthetics of Transhumanism" in TIF English Journal. Institute of Media Arts, Yonsei University.
"Human Enhancement to the Extreme: a New Role for Art and Its Media" in INSIDE [arte e siencia] Editoria LxK Pub. Impressao Europress, pp 312–217.
"Human Enhancement Aesthetics" in D'ARS, N. 198, Italy, Giugno, pp. 35–37.
“Bringing Art/Science and Design Into the Discussion of Transhumanism”. The Global Spiral, Winter Special Issues.
“The Mediated Technological Singularity: Human Use as a Passport to Technological Innovation”, in New Realities: Being Syncretic. Wein, New York: Springer. pp. 306–309.
"Nano’s Neo Normal” in Nanotechnology Now. Sep 19. http://www.nanotech-now.com/columns/?article=355.
“Nano-Bio-Info-Cogno Skin” in Nanotechnology Now. Jan 19. http://www.nanotech-now.com/columns/?article=268.
“La Guerra del diseno: Humanish vs. Postbiologico – una Practica del Juego con Posibles Efectos en la Humanidad" in Homo Ludens Ludens. Gijon, Spain: Laboral, pp 172–179.
“Nanomechatronics Nanosystem and Mitochondria Symbiosis” in Nanotechnology Now. Sept, 23. http://www.nanotech-now.com/columns/?article=236
“Putting Criticism Forward” in Nanotechnology Now. April 10. http://www.nanotech-now.com/columns/?article=187
“Nanofactory or AGI — Which technology could cure humanity's many problems”? in Nanotechnology Now. Jan 24. http://www.nanotech-now.com/columns/?article=164
2007
“Posthuman - Putting Transhumanist Perspective into Contrasting Theories” in Nanotechnology Now. Aug 2. http://www.nanotech-now.com/columns/?article=090
"Brave BioArt 2: Shedding the Bio, Amassing the Nano, and Cultivating Posthuman Life." in Technoetic Arts: A Journal of Speculative Research. Volume 5.3, pp. 71–86, London: Intellect, Inc.
"The Perfecting of Man" in AnOtherMan, Issue 3, Autumn/Winter.
"Wisdom [Meta-Knowledge] through AGI / Neural Macrosensing". Consciousness Reframed 2006 Conference Paper. http://www.natasha.cc/consciousnessreframed.htm.
“Sustainable Futures,” Death And Anti-Death: Fifty Years After Einstein, One Hundred Fifty Years After Kierkegaard. Charles Tandy (ed), Volume 3. Palo Alto, California: Ria University Press.
Transhumanism
Transhumanism, often abbreviated as H+ or h+, is an international intellectual and cultural movement that affirms the possibility and desirability of fundamentally transforming the human condition by developing and making widely available technologies to eliminate aging and to greatly enhance human...
, media artist and designer
Designer
A designer is a person who designs. More formally, a designer is an agent that "specifies the structural properties of a design object". In practice, anyone who creates tangible or intangible objects, such as consumer products, processes, laws, games and graphics, is referred to as a...
, with a science background, known for designing "Primo Posthuman." This future human prototype
Prototype
A prototype is an early sample or model built to test a concept or process or to act as a thing to be replicated or learned from.The word prototype derives from the Greek πρωτότυπον , "primitive form", neutral of πρωτότυπος , "original, primitive", from πρῶτος , "first" and τύπος ,...
incorporates biotechnology
Biotechnology
Biotechnology is a field of applied biology that involves the use of living organisms and bioprocesses in engineering, technology, medicine and other fields requiring bioproducts. Biotechnology also utilizes these products for manufacturing purpose...
, robotics
Robotics
Robotics is the branch of technology that deals with the design, construction, operation, structural disposition, manufacture and application of robots...
, information technology
Information technology
Information technology is the acquisition, processing, storage and dissemination of vocal, pictorial, textual and numerical information by a microelectronics-based combination of computing and telecommunications...
, nanotechnology
Nanotechnology
Nanotechnology is the study of manipulating matter on an atomic and molecular scale. Generally, nanotechnology deals with developing materials, devices, or other structures possessing at least one dimension sized from 1 to 100 nanometres...
, cognitive and neuroscience
Neuroscience
Neuroscience is the scientific study of the nervous system. Traditionally, neuroscience has been seen as a branch of biology. However, it is currently an interdisciplinary science that collaborates with other fields such as chemistry, computer science, engineering, linguistics, mathematics,...
for human enhancement
Human enhancement
Human enhancement refers to any attempt to temporarily or permanently overcome the current limitations of the human body through natural or artificial means...
and extreme life extension
Life extension
Life extension science, also known as anti-aging medicine, experimental gerontology, and biomedical gerontology, is the study of slowing down or reversing the processes of aging to extend both the maximum and average lifespan...
.
Vita-More is a university lecturer and the Creative Director of H+ Lab for scientific and artistic design
Design
Design as a noun informally refers to a plan or convention for the construction of an object or a system while “to design” refers to making this plan...
collaborations. Vita-More is currently a Visiting Scholar at Twenty-First Century Medicine
Twenty-First Century Medicine
21st Century Medicine is a California cryobiological research company which has as its primary focus the development of perfusates and protocols for viable long-term cryopreservation of human organs, tissues and cells at cryogenic temperatures through the use of vitrification. Dr. Gregory M...
, Advisor to the Singularity University
Singularity University
Singularity University is an academic institution in Silicon Valley whose stated aim is to "assemble, educate and inspire a cadre of leaders who strive to understand and facilitate the development of exponentially advancing technologies and apply, focus and guide these tools to address humanity’s...
, Fellow at the Institute for Ethics and Emerging Technologies
Institute for Ethics and Emerging Technologies
The Institute for Ethics and Emerging Technologies was founded in 2004 by philosopher Nick Bostrom and bioethicist James Hughes. Incorporated in the United States as a non-profit 501 organization, the IEET is a self-described "technoprogressive think tank" that seeks to contribute to understanding...
, and Chairman of the Board of Directors of Humanity+. She is a PhD candidate at the Planetary Collegium
Planetary Collegium
The Planetary Collegium is an international platform for research in art, technology and consciousness, with its hub based in the University of Plymouth, with linked centers in Zurich and Milan...
, University of Plymouth. Her thesis concerns human enhancement
Human enhancement
Human enhancement refers to any attempt to temporarily or permanently overcome the current limitations of the human body through natural or artificial means...
and extreme life extension
Life extension
Life extension science, also known as anti-aging medicine, experimental gerontology, and biomedical gerontology, is the study of slowing down or reversing the processes of aging to extend both the maximum and average lifespan...
. She holds a B.F.A., University of Memphis
University of Memphis
The University of Memphis is an American public research university located in the Normal Station neighborhood of Memphis, Tennessee and is the flagship public research university of the Tennessee Board of Regents system....
; filmmaker-in-residence, University of Colorado
University of Colorado at Boulder
The University of Colorado Boulder is a public research university located in Boulder, Colorado...
; M.Sc., University of Houston
University of Houston
The University of Houston is a state research university, and is the flagship institution of the University of Houston System. Founded in 1927, it is Texas's third-largest university with nearly 40,000 students. Its campus spans 667 acres in southeast Houston, and was known as University of...
; M.Phil. University of Plymouth.
Philosophy
In 1982, Vita-More authored the Transhuman Statement; produced and hosted cable TV show TransCentury Update on human futures reaching over 100,000 viewers in Los AngelesLos Ángeles
Los Ángeles is the capital of the province of Biobío, in the commune of the same name, in Region VIII , in the center-south of Chile. It is located between the Laja and Biobío rivers. The population is 123,445 inhabitants...
and Telluride
Telluride, Colorado
The town of Telluride is the county seat and most populous town of San Miguel County in the southwestern portion of the U.S. state of Colorado. The town is a former silver mining camp on the San Miguel River in the western San Juan Mountains...
1985–1992; founded Transhumanist Arts and Culture 1993. She was the Chair of “Vital Progress Summit” 2004, establishing a precedent for proaction of human enhancement (see Proactionary Principle
Proactionary principle
An ethical and decision-making principle, the proactionary principle is formulated by the extropian philosopher Max More as follows:People’s freedom to innovate technologically is highly valuable, even critical, to humanity. This implies several imperatives when restrictive measures are proposed:...
). She was the president of the Extropy Institute 2002-2006. She currently advises non-profit organizations including Center for Responsible Nanotechnology
Center for Responsible Nanotechnology
Center for Responsible Nanotechnology is a non-profit research and advocacy organization with a focus on molecular manufacturing and its possible effects, both positive and negative...
, Adaptive A.I., and LifeBoat Foundation, and Alcor Life Extension Foundation
Alcor Life Extension Foundation
The Alcor Life Extension Foundation, most often referred to as Alcor, is a Scottsdale, Arizona, USA-based nonprofit company that researches, advocates for and performs cryonics, the preservation of humans in liquid nitrogen after legal death, with hopes of restoring them to full health when new...
, and has been a consultant to IBM
IBM
International Business Machines Corporation or IBM is an American multinational technology and consulting corporation headquartered in Armonk, New York, United States. IBM manufactures and sells computer hardware and software, and it offers infrastructure, hosting and consulting services in areas...
on the future of human performance.
Vita-More is a lecturer on transhumanism
Transhumanism
Transhumanism, often abbreviated as H+ or h+, is an international intellectual and cultural movement that affirms the possibility and desirability of fundamentally transforming the human condition by developing and making widely available technologies to eliminate aging and to greatly enhance human...
.
Vita-More on Transhumanism History
In an interview Vita-More speaks on the history of transhumanismTranshumanism
Transhumanism, often abbreviated as H+ or h+, is an international intellectual and cultural movement that affirms the possibility and desirability of fundamentally transforming the human condition by developing and making widely available technologies to eliminate aging and to greatly enhance human...
and its main initiators. Here is a short extract from the interview:
- The first transhumanist ideas were presented by the author FM-2030FM-2030FM-2030 was an author, teacher, transhumanist philosopher, futurist and consultant. FM-2030 was born Fereidoun M. Esfandiary ....
at the New School of Social Research in New York City in 1960s. I started Transhumanist Arts in the early 1980s based on my work generated in the 1970s while living in TellurideTellurideTelluride may refer to:*Telluride, Colorado*Telluride , an ion of tellurium, and derivative compounds* A song by Tim McGraw on Set This Circus Down** A cover of the song by Josh Gracin on We Weren't Crazy...
, ColoradoColoradoColorado is a U.S. state that encompasses much of the Rocky Mountains as well as the northeastern portion of the Colorado Plateau and the western edge of the Great Plains...
. Although FM influenced my work immensely early on, I continue to be influenced by many individuals who have an uncanny ability to understand the complexities of the future and make is warm and delightful.
- However, living in California, and perhaps Hollywood, have given me a broader understanding of how the world works. It’s quite an enormous playing field. The incomparable philosopher Max MoreMax MoreMax More is a philosopher and futurist who writes, speaks, and consults on advanced decision-making about emerging technologies....
created Extropy Institute based on his extropian transhumanist philosophy in the 1980s. It was in the late 1980s and early 1990s that transhuman ideas started flourishing and this was certainly due to FMFM-2030FM-2030 was an author, teacher, transhumanist philosopher, futurist and consultant. FM-2030 was born Fereidoun M. Esfandiary ....
, MaxMax MoreMax More is a philosopher and futurist who writes, speaks, and consults on advanced decision-making about emerging technologies....
and myself and others here in Southern California.
Practice and Theory
Vita-More is a proponent of morphological freedomMorphological freedom
Morphological freedom refers to a proposed civil right of a person to either maintain or modify his or her own body, on his or her own terms, through informed, consensual recourse to, or refusal of, available therapeutic or enabling medical technology....
and enhancing human biology. To give credence to her arguments, Vita-More supports the Proactionary Principle
Proactionary principle
An ethical and decision-making principle, the proactionary principle is formulated by the extropian philosopher Max More as follows:People’s freedom to innovate technologically is highly valuable, even critical, to humanity. This implies several imperatives when restrictive measures are proposed:...
.
In addition to academic works, she has been featured in Wired
Wired (magazine)
Wired is a full-color monthly American magazine and on-line periodical, published since January 1993, that reports on how new and developing technology affects culture, the economy, and politics...
, Harper’s Bazaar, Marie Claire, The New York Times, U.S. News & World Report, Net Business, Telepolis
Telepolis
Telepolis is the name of a German Internet magazine, published by the Heinz Heise Verlag since the beginning of 1996. It was founded by journalists Armin Medosch and Florian Rötzer and deals with privacy, science, culture, internet-related and general politics and media.Telepolis received the...
, LA Weekly
LA Weekly
LA Weekly is a free weekly tabloid-sized "alternative weekly" in Los Angeles, California. It was founded in 1978 by Editor/Publisher Jay Levin and a board of directors that included actor-producer Michael Douglas...
and Village Voice. She makes frequent media appearances on the future and culture, and has exhibited at National Centre for Contemporary Arts, Brooks Memorial Museum, Institute of Contemporary Art, Women In Video, Telluride Film Festival and United States Environmental Film Festival and recently "Evolution Haute Couture: Art and Science in the Post-Biological Age". Vita-More has a bi-monthly column in Nanotechnology Now, is a Guest Editor of The Global Spiral academic journal and on the Editorial Board of International Journal of Green Nanotechnology. Audio and vido interviews with Vita-More can be found at Technoccult La Spirale MemeBox Future Blogger Tin Foil and Wiki Science.
Primo Posthuman
Vita-More has argued that the fundamental issue concerning human efficacyEfficacy
Efficacy is the capacity to produce an effect. It has different specific meanings in different fields. In medicine, it is the ability of an intervention or drug to reproduce a desired effect in expert hands and under ideal circumstances.- Healthcare :...
is to improve its condition and survive. Her theory
Theory
The English word theory was derived from a technical term in Ancient Greek philosophy. The word theoria, , meant "a looking at, viewing, beholding", and referring to contemplation or speculation, as opposed to action...
suggests that human nature
Human nature
Human nature refers to the distinguishing characteristics, including ways of thinking, feeling and acting, that humans tend to have naturally....
is built on the premise of problem solving
Problem solving
Problem solving is a mental process and is part of the larger problem process that includes problem finding and problem shaping. Consideredthe most complex of all intellectual functions, problem solving has been defined as higher-order cognitive process that requires the modulation and control of...
through innovative methods of design
Design
Design as a noun informally refers to a plan or convention for the construction of an object or a system while “to design” refers to making this plan...
. Such theory employs Conceptual Art
Conceptual art
Conceptual art is art in which the concept or idea involved in the work take precedence over traditional aesthetic and material concerns. Many of the works, sometimes called installations, of the artist Sol LeWitt may be constructed by anyone simply by following a set of written instructions...
at its core and includes, but is not limited to, biotechnology
Biotechnology
Biotechnology is a field of applied biology that involves the use of living organisms and bioprocesses in engineering, technology, medicine and other fields requiring bioproducts. Biotechnology also utilizes these products for manufacturing purpose...
, robotics
Robotics
Robotics is the branch of technology that deals with the design, construction, operation, structural disposition, manufacture and application of robots...
, information technology
Information technology
Information technology is the acquisition, processing, storage and dissemination of vocal, pictorial, textual and numerical information by a microelectronics-based combination of computing and telecommunications...
, nanotechnology
Nanotechnology
Nanotechnology is the study of manipulating matter on an atomic and molecular scale. Generally, nanotechnology deals with developing materials, devices, or other structures possessing at least one dimension sized from 1 to 100 nanometres...
, neuroscience
Neuroscience
Neuroscience is the scientific study of the nervous system. Traditionally, neuroscience has been seen as a branch of biology. However, it is currently an interdisciplinary science that collaborates with other fields such as chemistry, computer science, engineering, linguistics, mathematics,...
and cognitive science, artificial general intelligence ("BRINC"). Primo Posthuman combines bioart
BioArt
BioArt is an art practice where humans work with live tissues, bacteria, living organisms, and life processes. Using scientific processes such as biotechnology the artworks are produced in laboratories, galleries, or artists' studios...
and “BRNIC” in reaching past limitations of bioart
BioArt
BioArt is an art practice where humans work with live tissues, bacteria, living organisms, and life processes. Using scientific processes such as biotechnology the artworks are produced in laboratories, galleries, or artists' studios...
toward the central issue of extending life well past the Hayflick theory. Arguing for instinctive need and desire to overcome odds such as disease
Disease
A disease is an abnormal condition affecting the body of an organism. It is often construed to be a medical condition associated with specific symptoms and signs. It may be caused by external factors, such as infectious disease, or it may be caused by internal dysfunctions, such as autoimmune...
, the original future human body/brain design “Primo Posthuman” is both a media design and a theoretical concept
Concept
The word concept is used in ordinary language as well as in almost all academic disciplines. Particularly in philosophy, psychology and cognitive sciences the term is much used and much discussed. WordNet defines concept: "conception, construct ". However, the meaning of the term concept is much...
. Her “Primo Guide” gives a brief illustrated introduction.
Human Enhancement Rights
On the surface, Vita-More’s theoretical approach to human enhancementHuman enhancement
Human enhancement refers to any attempt to temporarily or permanently overcome the current limitations of the human body through natural or artificial means...
can be understood from evolutionary biology of natural selection
Natural selection
Natural selection is the nonrandom process by which biologic traits become either more or less common in a population as a function of differential reproduction of their bearers. It is a key mechanism of evolution....
; however, it is the human who is making the selection through critical thinking
Critical thinking
Critical thinking is the process or method of thinking that questions assumptions. It is a way of deciding whether a claim is true, false, or sometimes true and sometimes false, or partly true and partly false. The origins of critical thinking can be traced in Western thought to the Socratic...
of the pros and cons of human enhancement
Human enhancement
Human enhancement refers to any attempt to temporarily or permanently overcome the current limitations of the human body through natural or artificial means...
technologies. Vita-More argues that morphological freedom
Morphological freedom
Morphological freedom refers to a proposed civil right of a person to either maintain or modify his or her own body, on his or her own terms, through informed, consensual recourse to, or refusal of, available therapeutic or enabling medical technology....
is the bargaining chip rather than human enhancement being based on an economic hierarchy
Hierarchy
A hierarchy is an arrangement of items in which the items are represented as being "above," "below," or "at the same level as" one another...
of those who have power (elitism
Elitism
Elitism is the belief or attitude that some individuals, who form an elite — a select group of people with intellect, wealth, specialized training or experience, or other distinctive attributes — are those whose views on a matter are to be taken the most seriously or carry the most...
) and those who do not (poverty
Poverty
Poverty is the lack of a certain amount of material possessions or money. Absolute poverty or destitution is inability to afford basic human needs, which commonly includes clean and fresh water, nutrition, health care, education, clothing and shelter. About 1.7 billion people are estimated to live...
).
2009
"Bone Density" in Evolution Haute Couture, art and science in the post-biological age, Bulatov, Dmitry (Ed) Kaliningrade: KB NCCA pp. 64–65."Transhuman Statement" in ARTISTS' MANIFESTOS, New York: Penguin Modern Classics.
"The Aesthetics of Transhumanism" in TIF English Journal. Institute of Media Arts, Yonsei University.
"Human Enhancement to the Extreme: a New Role for Art and Its Media" in INSIDE [arte e siencia] Editoria LxK Pub. Impressao Europress, pp 312–217.
"Human Enhancement Aesthetics" in D'ARS, N. 198, Italy, Giugno, pp. 35–37.
“Bringing Art/Science and Design Into the Discussion of Transhumanism”. The Global Spiral, Winter Special Issues.
“The Mediated Technological Singularity: Human Use as a Passport to Technological Innovation”, in New Realities: Being Syncretic. Wein, New York: Springer. pp. 306–309.
"Nano’s Neo Normal” in Nanotechnology Now. Sep 19. http://www.nanotech-now.com/columns/?article=355.
“Nano-Bio-Info-Cogno Skin” in Nanotechnology Now. Jan 19. http://www.nanotech-now.com/columns/?article=268.
2008
"Designing Human 2.0 — Regenerative Existence". Volume 3, Pub. Routledge.“La Guerra del diseno: Humanish vs. Postbiologico – una Practica del Juego con Posibles Efectos en la Humanidad" in Homo Ludens Ludens. Gijon, Spain: Laboral, pp 172–179.
“Nanomechatronics Nanosystem and Mitochondria Symbiosis” in Nanotechnology Now. Sept, 23. http://www.nanotech-now.com/columns/?article=236
“Putting Criticism Forward” in Nanotechnology Now. April 10. http://www.nanotech-now.com/columns/?article=187
“Nanofactory or AGI — Which technology could cure humanity's many problems”? in Nanotechnology Now. Jan 24. http://www.nanotech-now.com/columns/?article=164
2007
“Posthuman - Putting Transhumanist Perspective into Contrasting Theories” in Nanotechnology Now. Aug 2. http://www.nanotech-now.com/columns/?article=090
"Brave BioArt 2: Shedding the Bio, Amassing the Nano, and Cultivating Posthuman Life." in Technoetic Arts: A Journal of Speculative Research. Volume 5.3, pp. 71–86, London: Intellect, Inc.
2006
"Strategic Sustainable Brain". Nanotechnology Perceptions: A Review of Ultraprecision Engineering and Nanotechnology, Volume 2, No. 1, March 27. Collegium Basilea, Pub. Institute of Advanced Study, Basel, Switzerland."The Perfecting of Man" in AnOtherMan, Issue 3, Autumn/Winter.
"Wisdom [Meta-Knowledge] through AGI / Neural Macrosensing". Consciousness Reframed 2006 Conference Paper. http://www.natasha.cc/consciousnessreframed.htm.
2005
“Global Design” 1st Annual Workshop on Geoethical Nanotechnology, Terasem: Vermont.“Sustainable Futures,” Death And Anti-Death: Fifty Years After Einstein, One Hundred Fifty Years After Kierkegaard. Charles Tandy (ed), Volume 3. Palo Alto, California: Ria University Press.