Monogram models
Encyclopedia
Monogram has been a premier maker of scale models of aircraft, spacecraft, ships, cars, and military vehicles since the early 1950s. The company was formed by two former employees of Comet Kits, Jack Besser and Bob Reder. After thirteen years as a fully owned subsidiary of Hallmark Cards' Binny and Smith unit, Hobbico announced it was acquiring Revell-Monogram in 2007 (Funding Universe webpage).

Origins

Monogram was founded in Chicago in 1945 making balsa wood model kits of ships and airplanes. Seaships were the first products. Meanwhile a company called Revell
Revell
Revell is the brand name today of two manufacturers of scale plastic models. The original US company merged with another, Monogram, but now trades only under the Revell name. European Revell Germany separated from the US company in 2006.-Early history:...

 started making plastic kits in 1953, and soon Monogram responded with a red plastic midget racer and the race was on (Funding Universe webpage). In the late 1950s, Monogram hired modeler Sheperd Paine to construct and paint models and write the instruction booklets (DeRogatis 2005). During the 1960s Monogram was always right in the mix, if not the lead, focusing more on automobile models, which was the trend. Through the 1970s competition required increased production of a variety of fantastical custom, Hot Rod, and race cars of all types.

The Monogram Approach

As the 1960s progressed, Monogram and Revell squared off as rivals in the scale model market. While companies like AMT and MPC
Model Products Corporation
Model Products Corporation or MPC for short, was a plastic model company started in 1963. It produced highly accurate and detailed kits and pre-assembled promotional models, mainly of cars...

 focused almost exclusively on cars, Monogram and Revell diversified into aircraft, naval craft and other military vehicles. Monogram aircraft kits were known for imaginative "operating features", such as a spring-loaded ejection seat on their F-105 Thunderchief model (operated by a tiny plastic tab on the side of the plane) and a tactical nuclear bomb which could be dropped from the RB-66A model - which also featured a moving tailgun turret.

By the late 1950s, however, the company was moving steadily into the car scene especially with its Hot Rods and race cars. In 1956 it released a Sprint Car, one of its first car kits. In 1959 its 1932 Ford Deuce 5 window coupe was issued. One 1962 kit, however, showed the company's prowess and intent - the "Big T" (kit PC 78). This was a huge 1/8 scale 1924 Ford Model T rod complete with hot-rodded Chevy engine. The 24 page 8 1/2 x 11 inch instruction booklet showed that the model came with an optional electric motor to power the wheels and featured customizing tips by Darryl Starbird, the famous Kansas customizer (Monogram 1962). The manual also shows how sophisticated the company's catering was toward Hot Rod culture - long before Hot Wheels
Hot Wheels
Hot Wheels is a brand of die cast toy car, introduced by American toymaker Mattel in 1968. It was the primary competitor of Matchbox until 1996, when Mattel acquired rights to the Matchbox brand from Tyco.-Models:...

 or the Detroit muscle car craze.

Daniel Hot Rods and Customs

Whereas Revell carried many foreign cars and AMT and MPC handled the promo markets (and so moving forward with most of the American car brands), Monogram always had kept its hand, more conservatively perhaps, in aircraft and military vehicles. Into the 1970s, however, Monogram often focused exclusively on Hot Rods and customs. While AMT had customizers George Barris, the Alexander Brothers, and Bill Cushenberry, and MPC had Dean Jeffries, Monogram hired stylist Tom Daniels to do a variety of creations not always based on real cars.

When the company was bought by Mattel
Mattel
Mattel, Inc. is the world's largest toy company based on revenue. The products it produces include Fisher Price, Barbie dolls, Hot Wheels and Matchbox toys, Masters of the Universe, American Girl dolls, board games, and, in the early 1980s, video game consoles. The company's name is derived from...

 about 1970, Tom Daniels and other custom vehicles were seen in both small and large sizes in Hot Wheels diecast - and then in Monogram kit form. Examples seen in diecast and also plastic kit form were the Ice-T buggy, the Red Baron, the Paddy Wagon, the S'cool Bus, the Sand Crab, and the Tarantula (even made by Mattel subsidiary Mebetoys
Mebetoys
Mebetoys was an Italian toy manufacturer that produced die-cast model cars during the 1960s and 1970s. For most of that time the company was owned by Mattel.-History:...

 of Italy) (Tom Daniel website). Some of the most handsome vehicles were the simpler rods without the crazy trappings like the "Son of Ford" '32 Ford rod and the "Boss 'A' Bone", a rodded '29 Model A pickup. Models of later vehicles were also common. A couple of examples were the sleek "Street Fighter", a Daniels designed '60 Chevy panel truck powered by a Z/28 Camaro engine (the "Quicksilver" was another variation of the same kit), and the 1955 Chevrolet "Bad Man" gasser (Tom Daniel website). By 1970 or so, many of these models were molded in bright reds and oranges and did not require painting.

Monogram offered a variety of more official race cars as well, again often leaving foreign vehicles to Revell which had established a Germany subsidiary. Monogram examples were the Tom McEwan driven Duster "Mongoose" funny car and it's rival the Barracuda "Snake" driven by Don Prudhomme. Of course, both of these cars were offered by Mattel well as smaller Hot Wheels.

Many Changes of Hands

In 1984 Mattel divested itself of many companies not associated with its traditional toy industries (Funding Universe website). In 1986, Monogram was bought by Odyssey Partners of New York. Later that same summer, Odyssey purchased Revell
Revell
Revell is the brand name today of two manufacturers of scale plastic models. The original US company merged with another, Monogram, but now trades only under the Revell name. European Revell Germany separated from the US company in 2006.-Early history:...

 Models of Venice, California. Subsequently Odyssey Partners merged Revell with Monogram and moved all its usable assets to Monogram's Des Plaines, Illinois
Des Plaines, Illinois
Des Plaines is a city in Cook County, Illinois, United States. It has adopted the official nickname of "City of Destiny." As of the 2000 census, the city had a total population of 58,720. It is a suburb of Chicago, and is next to O'Hare International Airport...

 Plant Number 2. After Revell was merged with Monogram, company headquarters was moved a short distance to Northbrook, Illinois
Northbrook, Illinois
Northbrook is a village located at the northern edge of Cook County, Illinois, which is also a North Shore suburb of Chicago. The population was 33,170 at the 2010 census....

.

In the early 1990s, Revell-Monogram embarked on an unfortunate experiment that tried to match historic modeling logos with a CD-Rom racing car game. After investing nearly $4 million, parents couldn't distinguish model from game and the project was scrapped after only 50,000 were sold (Wallace 1994). Also in the early 1990s, Monogram sold their 1/87 Mini Exacts HO series to Herpa
Herpa
Herpa, or Herpa Miniaturmodelle GmbH, is a German manufacturer of die-cast model aircraft under the Herpa Wings trademark and plastic car models under the Herpa Cars & Trucks trademark. The mainstay of Herpa Wings is in the 1/500 scale, although models are also produced in the 1/400, 1/200, and...

, where some of the models continue to be sold even today. One difference from the normal Herpa models was a metal chassis.

In 1994 Revell-Monogram was purchased by Hallmark Cards as part of its Binney and Smith division (the owners of famous Crayola crayons). This relationship lasted for thirteen years.

In May 2007, Hobbico Inc., the radio control airplane maker, announced the acquisition of Revell-Monogram LLC. From 1987 to 2005 the Monogram logo had appeared underneath that of Revell, but since the Hobbico acquisition, the Monogram name has disappeared. Now the Revell logo stands alone as Hobbico renamed the subsidiary the Revell Group, which consists of both revered names (See the Revell-Monogram webpage for an interesting graphic progression of the development of the two companies' logos going back to 1945 - see Revell-Monogram 1996-2011). Concerning plastic kits, Hobbico also owns Estes, and is the exclusive distributor of Hasegawa, as seen on their company websites.

Kits

Monogram was a prolific model producer. The following lists are definitely not all-inclusive:

Aircraft
  • Japan 1/48 scale
    • Mitsubishi A6M
  • Germany 1/48 scale
    • Arado Ar 234
      Arado Ar 234
      The Arado Ar 234 was the world's first operational jet-powered bomber, built by the German Arado company in the closing stages of World War II. Produced in very limited numbers, it was used almost entirely in the reconnaissance role, but in its few uses as a bomber it proved to be nearly impossible...

      , Dornier Do 335
      Dornier Do 335
      The Dornier Do 335 Pfeil was a World War II heavy fighter built by the Dornier company. The two-seater trainer version was also called Ameisenbär . The Pfeils performance was much better than other twin-engine designs due to its unique "push-pull" layout and the much lower drag of the in-line...

      , Focke-Wulf Fw 190
      Focke-Wulf Fw 190
      The Focke-Wulf Fw 190 Würger was a German Second World War single-seat, single-engine fighter aircraft designed by Kurt Tank in the late 1930s. Powered by a radial engine, the 190 had ample power and was able to lift larger loads than its well-known counterpart, the Messerschmitt Bf 109...

      , Heinkel He 111
      Heinkel He 111
      The Heinkel He 111 was a German aircraft designed by Siegfried and Walter Günter in the early 1930s in violation of the Treaty of Versailles. Often described as a "Wolf in sheep's clothing", it masqueraded as a transport aircraft, but its purpose was to provide the Luftwaffe with a fast medium...

      , Junkers Ju-87G Stuka
      Junkers Ju 87
      The Junkers Ju 87 or Stuka was a two-man German ground-attack aircraft...

      , Junkers Ju-88, Junkers Ju-52, Messerschmitt Bf 109
      Messerschmitt Bf 109
      The Messerschmitt Bf 109, often called Me 109, was a German World War II fighter aircraft designed by Willy Messerschmitt and Robert Lusser during the early to mid 1930s...

      , Messerschmitt Me 262
      Messerschmitt Me 262
      The Messerschmitt Me 262 Schwalbe was the world's first operational jet-powered fighter aircraft. Design work started before World War II began, but engine problems prevented the aircraft from attaining operational status with the Luftwaffe until mid-1944...

  • United States 1/48 scale
    • Bell P-39 Airacobra, Bell UH-1 Huey with several issues: A, B, C and F variants, Bell AH-1S Cobra
      AH-1 Cobra
      The Bell AH-1 Cobra is a two-bladed, single engine attack helicopter manufactured by Bell Helicopter. It shares a common engine, transmission and rotor system with the older UH-1 Iroquois...

      , Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress, Boeing B-29 Superfortress, Boeing AH-64 Apache, Cessna A-37 Dragonfly, Cessna 180
      Cessna 180
      The Cessna 180 is a four- or six-seat, fixed conventional gear general aviation airplane which was produced between 1953 and 1981. Though the design is no longer in production, many of these aircraft are still in use as personal aircraft and in utility roles such as bush...

       also issued as a floatplane, Convair F-102A Delta Dagger
      F-102 Delta Dagger
      The Convair F-102 Delta Dagger was a US interceptor aircraft built as part of the backbone of the United States Air Force's air defenses in the late 1950s. Entering service in 1956, its main purpose was to intercept invading Soviet bomber fleets...

      , Convair F-106 Delta Dart, Convair B-58 Hustler, Consolidated B-24 Liberator, Consolidated PBY Catalina, Curtiss P-40C Hawk
      Curtiss P-40
      The Curtiss P-40 Warhawk was an American single-engine, single-seat, all-metal fighter and ground attack aircraft that first flew in 1938. The P-40 design was a modification of the previous Curtiss P-36 Hawk which reduced development time and enabled a rapid entry into production and operational...

      , Curtiss SB2C Helldiver, Douglas DC-3
      Douglas DC-3
      The Douglas DC-3 is an American fixed-wing propeller-driven aircraft whose speed and range revolutionized air transport in the 1930s and 1940s. Its lasting impact on the airline industry and World War II makes it one of the most significant transport aircraft ever made...

      , Douglas C-47 Skytrain, Douglas TBD Devastator, Douglas SBD Dauntless, Douglas A-26 Invader, Douglas A-1 Skyraider, Douglas A-4F Skyhawk
      A-4 Skyhawk
      The Douglas A-4 Skyhawk is a carrier-capable ground-attack aircraft designed for the United States Navy and United States Marine Corps. The delta winged, single-engined Skyhawk was designed and produced by Douglas Aircraft Company, and later McDonnell Douglas. It was originally designated the A4D...

      , also issued as OA-4M, General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon, General Dynamics F-111
      General Dynamics F-111
      The General Dynamics F-111 "Aardvark" was a medium-range interdictor and tactical strike aircraft that also filled the roles of strategic bomber, reconnaissance, and electronic warfare in its various versions. Developed in the 1960s by General Dynamics, it first entered service in 1967 with the...

       also released as EF-111A Raven, Grumman TBF-1 Avenger
      TBF Avenger
      The Grumman TBF Avenger was a torpedo bomber developed initially for the United States Navy and Marine Corps, and eventually used by several air or naval arms around the world....

      , Grumman F4F Wildcat, Grumman F6F Hellcat, Grumman F-14 Tomcat, Lockheed P-38J/L Lightning
      P-38 Lightning
      The Lockheed P-38 Lightning was a World War II American fighter aircraft built by Lockheed. Developed to a United States Army Air Corps requirement, the P-38 had distinctive twin booms and a single, central nacelle containing the cockpit and armament...

      , Lockheed P-80C Shooting Star
      P-80 Shooting Star
      The Lockheed P-80 Shooting Star was the first jet fighter used operationally by the United States Army Air Forces. Designed in 1943 as a response to the German Messerschmitt Me-262 jet fighter, and delivered in just 143 days from the start of the design process, production models were flying but...

      , Lockheed F-104C Starfighter
      F-104 Starfighter
      The Lockheed F-104 Starfighter is a single-engine, high-performance, supersonic interceptor aircraft originally developed for the United States Air Force by Lockheed. One of the Century Series of aircraft, it served with the USAF from 1958 until 1969, and continued with Air National Guard units...

      , LTV A-7 Corsair II, Martin B-26 Marauder, McDonnell F-101B Voodoo
      F-101 Voodoo
      The McDonnell F-101 Voodoo was a supersonic military jet fighter which served the United States Air Force and the Royal Canadian Air Force...

      , McDonnell F-4C/D Phantom II
      F-4 Phantom II
      The McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II is a tandem two-seat, twin-engined, all-weather, long-range supersonic jet interceptor fighter/fighter-bomber originally developed for the United States Navy by McDonnell Aircraft. It first entered service in 1960 with the U.S. Navy. Proving highly adaptable,...

      , McDonnell F-4E Phantom II
      F-4 Phantom II
      The McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II is a tandem two-seat, twin-engined, all-weather, long-range supersonic jet interceptor fighter/fighter-bomber originally developed for the United States Navy by McDonnell Aircraft. It first entered service in 1960 with the U.S. Navy. Proving highly adaptable,...

      , McDonnell F-4J Phantom II
      F-4 Phantom II
      The McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II is a tandem two-seat, twin-engined, all-weather, long-range supersonic jet interceptor fighter/fighter-bomber originally developed for the United States Navy by McDonnell Aircraft. It first entered service in 1960 with the U.S. Navy. Proving highly adaptable,...

      , McDonnell AV-8B Harrier II
      AV-8B Harrier II
      The McDonnell Douglas AV-8B Harrier II is a second-generation vertical/short takeoff and landing ground-attack aircraft. An Anglo-American development of the British Hawker Siddeley Harrier, the Harrier II is the final member of the Harrier family that started with the Hawker Siddeley P.1127 in...

      , McDonnell Douglas F-15 Eagle, McDonnell Douglas F/A-18A Hornet
      F/A-18 Hornet
      The McDonnell Douglas F/A-18 Hornet is a supersonic, all-weather carrier-capable multirole fighter jet, designed to dogfight and attack ground targets . Designed by McDonnell Douglas and Northrop, the F/A-18 was derived from the latter's YF-17 in the 1970s for use by the United States Navy and...

      , North American AT-6 Texan, North American T-28 Trojan, North American B-25 Mitchell, North American P-51 Mustang
      P-51 Mustang
      The North American Aviation P-51 Mustang was an American long-range, single-seat fighter and fighter-bomber used during World War II, the Korean War and in several other conflicts...

       B and D variants, North American F-86E/F Sabre
      F-86 Sabre
      The North American F-86 Sabre was a transonic jet fighter aircraft. Produced by North American Aviation, the Sabre is best known as America's first swept wing fighter which could counter the similarly-winged Soviet MiG-15 in high speed dogfights over the skies of the Korean War...

      , North American F-100D Super Sabre
      F-100 Super Sabre
      The North American F-100 Super Sabre was a supersonic jet fighter aircraft that served with the United States Air Force from 1954 to 1971 and with the Air National Guard until 1979. The first of the Century Series collection of USAF jet fighters, it was the first USAF fighter capable of...

      , Northrop P-61 Black Widow, Northrop F-5E Tiger II
      F-5 Freedom Fighter
      The Northrop F-5A/B Freedom Fighter and the F-5E/F Tiger II are part of a family of widely-used light supersonic fighter aircraft, designed and built by Northrop...

      , Northrop F-20 Tigershark, Northrop F-89J Scorpion
      F-89 Scorpion
      The Northrop F-89 Scorpion was an early American jet-powered fighter designed from the outset as an all-weather interceptor. Though its straight wings limited its performance, it was among the first USAF jet fighters with guided missiles, and notably the first combat aircraft armed with air-to-air...

      , Piper Tri-Pacer
      Piper PA-20 Pacer
      The PA-20 Pacer and PA-22 Tri-Pacer are a family of four-place, strut braced, high-wing light aircraft that were built by Piper Aircraft in the post-World War II period....

      , Republic P-47D Thunderbolt Razorback and Bubble-top
      P-47 Thunderbolt
      Republic Aviation's P-47 Thunderbolt, also known as the "Jug", was the largest, heaviest, and most expensive fighter aircraft in history to be powered by a single reciprocating engine. It was heavily armed with eight .50-caliber machine guns, four per wing. When fully loaded, the P-47 weighed up to...

      , Republic F-84F Thunderstreak, Republic F-105D Thunderchief
      F-105 Thunderchief
      The Republic F-105 Thunderchief, was a supersonic fighter-bomber used by the United States Air Force. The Mach 2 capable F-105 conducted the majority of strike bombing missions during the early years of the Vietnam War; it has the dubious distinction of being the only US aircraft to have been...

      , Republic F-105F Thunderchief
      F-105 Thunderchief
      The Republic F-105 Thunderchief, was a supersonic fighter-bomber used by the United States Air Force. The Mach 2 capable F-105 conducted the majority of strike bombing missions during the early years of the Vietnam War; it has the dubious distinction of being the only US aircraft to have been...

      , Republic F-105G Thunderchief
      F-105 Thunderchief
      The Republic F-105 Thunderchief, was a supersonic fighter-bomber used by the United States Air Force. The Mach 2 capable F-105 conducted the majority of strike bombing missions during the early years of the Vietnam War; it has the dubious distinction of being the only US aircraft to have been...

      , Vought OS2U Kingfisher, Vought F4U Corsair, Vought F-8 Crusader
  • United Kingdom 1/48 scale
    • de Havilland Mosquito
      De Havilland Mosquito
      The de Havilland DH.98 Mosquito was a British multi-role combat aircraft that served during the Second World War and the postwar era. It was known affectionately as the "Mossie" to its crews and was also nicknamed "The Wooden Wonder"...

      , Hawker Hurricane
      Hawker Hurricane
      The Hawker Hurricane is a British single-seat fighter aircraft that was designed and predominantly built by Hawker Aircraft Ltd for the Royal Air Force...

      , Hawker Typhoon
      Hawker Typhoon
      The Hawker Typhoon was a British single-seat fighter-bomber, produced by Hawker Aircraft. While the Typhoon was designed to be a medium-high altitude interceptor, and a direct replacement for the Hawker Hurricane, several design problems were encountered, and the Typhoon never completely satisfied...

      , Supermarine Spitfire
      Supermarine Spitfire
      The Supermarine Spitfire is a British single-seat fighter aircraft that was used by the Royal Air Force and many other Allied countries throughout the Second World War. The Spitfire continued to be used as a front line fighter and in secondary roles into the 1950s...



Cars
  • 1/24 scale
    • 1934 Duesenberg SJ, 1939 Mercedes 540K, 1941 Lincoln Continental, Cord 812
  • 1/24 scale
    • 1957 Chevy Hardtop
    • 1965 Chevy Impala SS 396
      Chevrolet Impala
      The Chevrolet Impala is a full-size automobile built by the Chevrolet division of General Motors introduced for the 1958 model year. Deriving its name from the southern African antelope, Chevrolet's most expensive passenger model through 1965 had become the best-selling automobile in the United...

  • 1/87th scale
    • Ferrari F40
      Ferrari F40
      The Ferrari F40 is a mid-engine, rear-wheel drive, two-door coupé sports car produced by Ferrari from 1987 to 1992 as the successor to the Ferrari 288 GTO. From 1987 to 1989 it was Ferrari's fastest, most powerful, and most expensive car...

    • Ford Mustang
      Ford Mustang
      The Ford Mustang is an automobile manufactured by the Ford Motor Company. It was initially based on the second generation North American Ford Falcon, a compact car. Introduced early on April 17, 1964, as a "1964½" model, the 1965 Mustang was the automaker's most successful launch since the Model A...



Armor
  • 1/32th scale
    • M8 Greyhound Armored Car
    • M20 Armored Car
    • M3 Lee Medium Tank
    • M4 Sherman Hedgehog
    • M4A1 Sherman Screaming Mimi
    • Sdkfz 232 Panzerspahwagen 8-Rad Armored Car
    • Panzerkampfwagen IV Medium Tank
    • Sturmgeschuetz IV Assault Tank
    • Panzerjager IV L/70 Tank Destroyer
    • Sturmpanzer IV Brumbar
    • Flakpanzer IV Wirbelwind
    • Flakpanzer IV Ostwind

External links

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