The Minister of State is the head of the government of Monaco

Monaco

Monaco , officially the Principality of Monaco , is a sovereign city state on the French Riviera. It is bordered on three sides by its neighbour, France, and its centre is about from Italy. Its area is with a population of 35,986 as of 2011 and is the most densely populated country in the...

, though he is appointed by and subordinate to the Prince or Princess of Monaco

Prince of Monaco

The Reigning Prince or Princess of Monaco is the sovereign monarch and head of state of the Principality of Monaco. All Princes or Princesses thus far have taken the name of the House of Grimaldi, but have belonged to various other houses in male line...

. During his term, he is responsible for leading the government's action and is in charge of foreign relations

Foreign policy

A country's foreign policy, also called the foreign relations policy, consists of self-interest strategies chosen by the state to safeguard its national interests and to achieve its goals within international relations milieu. The approaches are strategically employed to interact with other countries...

. As the Prince's representative, the Minister of State also directs the executive services, commands the police

Police

The police is a personification of the state designated to put in practice the enforced law, protect property and reduce civil disorder in civilian matters. Their powers include the legitimized use of force...

, and presides (with voting powers) over the Council of Government.

The office was created in 1911 with the adoption of Monaco's constitution

Constitution of Monaco

The Constitution of Monaco, first adopted in 1911 after the Monegasque Revolution and heavily revised by Prince Rainier III on December 17, 1962, outlines three branches of government, including several administrative offices and a number of councils, who share advisory and legislative power with...

. Until the revision of the constitution of 2002, he had to be a French

France

The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...

 citizen, selected from several senior civil servants proposed by the French Government. Since 2002, the Minister of State can be either French or Monegasque and is chosen and appointed by the Prince, after consultation with the French Government.

List of Ministers of State

#	Name	Term start	Term end	Political Party
1	Émile Flach Émile Flach Émile Flach was the first Minister of State for Monaco. He served between 1911 and 1917. He was born in 1860 and died in 1959 at the age of 99.-References:...	February 1911	December 1917	Independent Independent (politician) In politics, an independent or non-party politician is an individual not affiliated to any political party. Independents may hold a centrist viewpoint between those of major political parties, a viewpoint more extreme than any major party, or they may have a viewpoint based on issues that they do...
	Georges Jaloustre Georges Jaloustre Georges Jaloustre was a Minister of State for Monaco. He served between 1918 and 1919. He died in 1922.-References:...   (acting)	January 1918	February 1919	Independent Independent (politician) In politics, an independent or non-party politician is an individual not affiliated to any political party. Independents may hold a centrist viewpoint between those of major political parties, a viewpoint more extreme than any major party, or they may have a viewpoint based on issues that they do...
2	Raymond Le Bourdon Raymond Le Bourdon - Raymond Le Bourdon :Raymond Le Bourdon was an ex-minister of state for Monaco. He served between 1919 and 1923. He was born in 1861 and died in 1937.-References:...	19 February 1919	11 August 1923	Independent Independent (politician) In politics, an independent or non-party politician is an individual not affiliated to any political party. Independents may hold a centrist viewpoint between those of major political parties, a viewpoint more extreme than any major party, or they may have a viewpoint based on issues that they do...
3	Maurice Piette Maurice Piette - Maurice Piette :Maurice Piette was an ex-minister of state for Monaco. He served between 1923 and 1932. He was born in 1871 and died in 1953.-References:...	11 August 1923	February 1932	Independent Independent (politician) In politics, an independent or non-party politician is an individual not affiliated to any political party. Independents may hold a centrist viewpoint between those of major political parties, a viewpoint more extreme than any major party, or they may have a viewpoint based on issues that they do...
	Henry Mauran Henry Mauran Henry Mauran was an acting Minister of State for Monaco on two occasions. The first term was between January 1932 and June 1932, while the second term was between June 1937 and August 1937.- References :...   (1st time; acting)	January 1932	June 1932	Independent Independent (politician) In politics, an independent or non-party politician is an individual not affiliated to any political party. Independents may hold a centrist viewpoint between those of major political parties, a viewpoint more extreme than any major party, or they may have a viewpoint based on issues that they do...
4	Maurice Bouilloux-Lafont Maurice Bouilloux-Lafont Maurice Bouilloux-Lafont was a former minister of state for Monaco. He served between June 1932 and June 1937.- References :...	June 1932	June 1937	Independent Independent (politician) In politics, an independent or non-party politician is an individual not affiliated to any political party. Independents may hold a centrist viewpoint between those of major political parties, a viewpoint more extreme than any major party, or they may have a viewpoint based on issues that they do...
	Henry Mauran Henry Mauran Henry Mauran was an acting Minister of State for Monaco on two occasions. The first term was between January 1932 and June 1932, while the second term was between June 1937 and August 1937.- References :...   (2nd time; acting)	June 1937	August 1937	Independent Independent (politician) In politics, an independent or non-party politician is an individual not affiliated to any political party. Independents may hold a centrist viewpoint between those of major political parties, a viewpoint more extreme than any major party, or they may have a viewpoint based on issues that they do...
5	Emile Roblot Emile Roblot Emile Roblot was an ex-minister of state for Monaco. He was in office from 1937-1944.-References:...	15 September 1937	29 September 1944	Independent Independent (politician) In politics, an independent or non-party politician is an individual not affiliated to any political party. Independents may hold a centrist viewpoint between those of major political parties, a viewpoint more extreme than any major party, or they may have a viewpoint based on issues that they do...
	Pierre Blanchy Pierre Blanchy Pierre Blanchy was a French politician, who served as acting Minister of State for Monaco three times. This was between 1944 and 1963. He served under the monarchy of both Rainier III and Louis II. During his career he never served under one single party. Every time he was independent or was chosen...   (1st time; acting)	29 September 1944	13 October 1944	Independent Independent (politician) In politics, an independent or non-party politician is an individual not affiliated to any political party. Independents may hold a centrist viewpoint between those of major political parties, a viewpoint more extreme than any major party, or they may have a viewpoint based on issues that they do...
6	Pierre de Witasse Pierre de Witasse Pierre de Witasse was a Minister of State for Monaco. He was in office from 1944-1948.-References:...	13 October 1944	December 1948	Independent Independent (politician) In politics, an independent or non-party politician is an individual not affiliated to any political party. Independents may hold a centrist viewpoint between those of major political parties, a viewpoint more extreme than any major party, or they may have a viewpoint based on issues that they do...
	Pierre Blanchy Pierre Blanchy Pierre Blanchy was a French politician, who served as acting Minister of State for Monaco three times. This was between 1944 and 1963. He served under the monarchy of both Rainier III and Louis II. During his career he never served under one single party. Every time he was independent or was chosen...   (2nd time; acting)	4 January 1949	12 July 1949	Independent Independent (politician) In politics, an independent or non-party politician is an individual not affiliated to any political party. Independents may hold a centrist viewpoint between those of major political parties, a viewpoint more extreme than any major party, or they may have a viewpoint based on issues that they do...
7	Jacques Rueff Jacques Rueff Jacques Rueff was a French economist and adviser to the French Government.An influential French conservative and free market thinker, Rueff was born the son of a well known Parisian physician and studied economics and mathematics at the École Polytechnique...	12 July 1949	1 August 1950	Independent Independent (politician) In politics, an independent or non-party politician is an individual not affiliated to any political party. Independents may hold a centrist viewpoint between those of major political parties, a viewpoint more extreme than any major party, or they may have a viewpoint based on issues that they do...
8	Pierre Voizard Pierre Voizard Pierre Voizard was a Minister of State for Monaco. He served between 1950 and 1953. He was born in 1896 and died in 1982.-References:...	1 August 1950	2 September 1953	Independent Independent (politician) In politics, an independent or non-party politician is an individual not affiliated to any political party. Independents may hold a centrist viewpoint between those of major political parties, a viewpoint more extreme than any major party, or they may have a viewpoint based on issues that they do...
9	Henry Soum Henry Soum Henry Soum was a Minister of State for Monaco. He served between 1953 and 1959. He was born in 1899 and died in 1983. -References:...	15 November 1953	12 February 1959	Independent Independent (politician) In politics, an independent or non-party politician is an individual not affiliated to any political party. Independents may hold a centrist viewpoint between those of major political parties, a viewpoint more extreme than any major party, or they may have a viewpoint based on issues that they do...
10	Émile Pelletier Émile Pelletier Émile Pelletier was a Minister of State for Monaco. He was in office from 1959–1962.-References:...	12 February 1959	23 January 1962	Independent Independent (politician) In politics, an independent or non-party politician is an individual not affiliated to any political party. Independents may hold a centrist viewpoint between those of major political parties, a viewpoint more extreme than any major party, or they may have a viewpoint based on issues that they do...
	Pierre Blanchy Pierre Blanchy Pierre Blanchy was a French politician, who served as acting Minister of State for Monaco three times. This was between 1944 and 1963. He served under the monarchy of both Rainier III and Louis II. During his career he never served under one single party. Every time he was independent or was chosen...   (3rd time; acting)	23 January 1962	16 August 1963	Independent Independent (politician) In politics, an independent or non-party politician is an individual not affiliated to any political party. Independents may hold a centrist viewpoint between those of major political parties, a viewpoint more extreme than any major party, or they may have a viewpoint based on issues that they do...
11	Jean Reymond Jean Reymond Jean Émile Reymond was an ex-minister of state for Monaco. He was in office from 1963 to 1966.-References:...	16 August 1963	28 December 1966	Independent Independent (politician) In politics, an independent or non-party politician is an individual not affiliated to any political party. Independents may hold a centrist viewpoint between those of major political parties, a viewpoint more extreme than any major party, or they may have a viewpoint based on issues that they do...
12	Paul Demange Paul Demange Paul Demange was a Minister of State for Monaco. He served between 1966 and 1969. He was born in 1906 and died in 1970. -References:...	28 December 1966	1 April 1969	Independent Independent (politician) In politics, an independent or non-party politician is an individual not affiliated to any political party. Independents may hold a centrist viewpoint between those of major political parties, a viewpoint more extreme than any major party, or they may have a viewpoint based on issues that they do...
13	François-Didier Gregh François-Didier Gregh François-Didier Gregh was a Minister of State for Monaco. He was in office from 1969-1972. He was born in 1906. -References:...	1 April 1969	24 May 1972	Independent Independent (politician) In politics, an independent or non-party politician is an individual not affiliated to any political party. Independents may hold a centrist viewpoint between those of major political parties, a viewpoint more extreme than any major party, or they may have a viewpoint based on issues that they do...
14	André Saint-Mleux André Saint-Mleux André Saint-Mleux was a Minister of State for Monaco. He was in office from 1972 to 1981.-References:...	24 May 1972	July 1981	Independent Independent (politician) In politics, an independent or non-party politician is an individual not affiliated to any political party. Independents may hold a centrist viewpoint between those of major political parties, a viewpoint more extreme than any major party, or they may have a viewpoint based on issues that they do...
15	Jean Herly Jean Herly Jean Herly was a Minister of State for Monaco. He served between 1981 and 1985. He was born in 1929 and died in 1998. -References:...	July 1981	16 September 1985	Independent Independent (politician) In politics, an independent or non-party politician is an individual not affiliated to any political party. Independents may hold a centrist viewpoint between those of major political parties, a viewpoint more extreme than any major party, or they may have a viewpoint based on issues that they do...
16	Jean Ausseil Jean Ausseil Jean Ausseil was a Minister of State for Monaco. He served between 1985 and 1991. He was born in 1925 and died in 2001. -References:...	16 September 1985	16 February 1991	Independent Independent (politician) In politics, an independent or non-party politician is an individual not affiliated to any political party. Independents may hold a centrist viewpoint between those of major political parties, a viewpoint more extreme than any major party, or they may have a viewpoint based on issues that they do...
17	Jaques Dupont Jaques Dupont - Jaques Dupont :Jaques Dupont was an ex-minister of state for Monaco. He served between 1991 and 1994. He was born in 1929 and died in 2002.-References:...	16 February 1991	2 December 1994	Independent Independent (politician) In politics, an independent or non-party politician is an individual not affiliated to any political party. Independents may hold a centrist viewpoint between those of major political parties, a viewpoint more extreme than any major party, or they may have a viewpoint based on issues that they do...
18	Paul Dijoud Paul Dijoud - Paul Dijoud :Paul Dijoud was an ex-minister of state for Monaco. He was in office from 1994-1997. He was born in 1938. -References:...	2 December 1994	3 February 1997	Independent Independent (politician) In politics, an independent or non-party politician is an individual not affiliated to any political party. Independents may hold a centrist viewpoint between those of major political parties, a viewpoint more extreme than any major party, or they may have a viewpoint based on issues that they do...
19	Michel Lévêque Michel Lévêque Michel Lévêque is a former minister of state for Monaco. He was in office from 1997 until 2000. He was born in 1933.-References:...	3 February 1997	5 January 2000	Independent Independent (politician) In politics, an independent or non-party politician is an individual not affiliated to any political party. Independents may hold a centrist viewpoint between those of major political parties, a viewpoint more extreme than any major party, or they may have a viewpoint based on issues that they do...
20	Patrick Leclercq Patrick Leclercq Patrick Leclercq was the Minister of State of Monaco. He was appointed on 5 January 2000, replacing Michel Lévêque. He had previously served as France's consul / ambassador to Spain, Egypt , Montreal , as well as in the Foreign Ministry.Patrick André Leclercq was born in Lille, attended the...	5 January 2000	1 May 2005	Independent Independent (politician) In politics, an independent or non-party politician is an individual not affiliated to any political party. Independents may hold a centrist viewpoint between those of major political parties, a viewpoint more extreme than any major party, or they may have a viewpoint based on issues that they do...
21	Jean-Paul Proust Jean-Paul Proust Jean-Paul Proust was the Minister of State of Monaco. He held that position from 1 June 2005 until 29 March 2010, having been appointed three months earlier by the prince and the French government...	1 May 2005	29 March 2010	Independent Independent (politician) In politics, an independent or non-party politician is an individual not affiliated to any political party. Independents may hold a centrist viewpoint between those of major political parties, a viewpoint more extreme than any major party, or they may have a viewpoint based on issues that they do...
22	Michel Roger Michel Roger Michel Roger is the current Minister of State of Monaco.He had been a member of the High Court of Monaco since 2007.He assumed office on the 29th March 2010, following his appointment by Prince Albert II....	29 March 2010	Incumbent	Independent Independent (politician) In politics, an independent or non-party politician is an individual not affiliated to any political party. Independents may hold a centrist viewpoint between those of major political parties, a viewpoint more extreme than any major party, or they may have a viewpoint based on issues that they do...

See also

• List of rulers of Monaco